The main regulatory acts to address the power of electrical safety. Ensuring electrical safety of workers in organizations. Namensha vіdstan, m
Electrical safety includes legal, social and economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other services. The rules of electrical safety are regulated by legal and technical documents, regulatory and technical base.
Knowledge of the basics of electrical safety and obov'yazkovim.
Vymogi bezpeki before vikoristannyam elektropriladіv.
1. Before using electrical appliances, it is necessary to respectfully follow the factory instructions for the operation of electrical appliances, with which you happen to practice, especially respect for distribution, in which applications are explained, and you must come in safely with an electrical appliance.
2. Electric heating accessories (electric kettles, laundry detergents, electric stoves, etc.) should be placed on non-combustible supports, away from easily occupied objects. Electric kettles must be filled with water up to the prescribed level before they are raised. Koristuvatisya with electric appliances carefully, unique mechanical strengths.
3. Before turning on the electrical appliances at the socket, it is necessary to reconnect:
- at the correctness of the revitalizing electric cord and the plug, grounding (like an electric appliance yogo maє), the clarity of the robotic vimikacha or the start button;
- at the correctness of the electrical outlet (the integrity of the body or the cover of the outlet, the reliability and fastening is thin);
- it is suitable to the voltage of the electrical supply to that, on the basis of the insurance of the electrical appliances.
4. Vіdpovіdno to p.6.6.26 PUE (7 types.)
5. Lively cords of electrical appliances must be ripped in such a way that the possibility of mechanical damage, water, oils, and also a surge of high temperatures is turned off.
6. When installing an electrical receiver on a stream-conducting bases (metal table, racks, workbench, etc.), it is necessary to switch over, so that the stench may come from the grounding (zahisnym) conductor.
7. Before turning on the fire or public lighting, it is necessary to reconsider at the right of the vimikaci.
8. As electrical wiring to electrical outlets and vimikaciv zdіysnen for the help of unprotected insulated wires, laying vіdkryto on the basis or on rollers-insulators in the first line:
- At the correctness of the insulation of wires;
- at nadіynostі krіplennya elektrichnogo drotu to the foundation.
9. At the premises, the electrical wiring to the electrical sockets is installed behind the additional insulated wires, closed in the mechanical holes with a metal box, re-converted, which box is well attached to the wall, and the electrical wiring is closed, and the sockets are installed on the .
10. Reconsider the presence of cold ceilings on the lamps near the showers and bathrooms.
11. It is necessary to remember and fix the rule described in paragraph 1.2.8 of the MPBE - a leather practitioner, as you cannot get used to it when you enter into the destruction of these Rules, it is guilty of negligently reminding the standing certifier about all the damage that he has caused to people, and to safety for people fix faults in electrical installations, machines, mechanisms, outbuildings, tools, etc.
Vymogi bezpeka pіd hour vikoristannya elektropriladіv.
1.When choosing electrical appliances, it is necessary, with border protection, to increase the inclusion of electrical appliances for additional buttons, vimikachiv or other roses.
2. When using electrical appliances, it is not allowed:
- independently (to individuals who cannot afford sufficient qualifications) to carry out a selection or repair of electrical appliances, electrical wires, plugs and sockets, vimics, electrical parts of the possession and mechanisms that are found in their coristuvanni;
- use of electrical accessories, electrical power in case of faulty cords, electrical plugs, cartridges, electrical plugs and sockets, when shaving the wire;
- wipe with a watery ganchirka included in the electrical circuit of the electrical appliance and electrical control;
- zdіysnyuvat mittya stіn without front switching on of the installation devices of electric lighting;
- Pull the plug out of the socket by holding the electrical wire;
- Pratsyuvati without zahisnogo zanulennya or grounding there, it is transferred to the design of the electrical receiver;
- turn on (vimikati) electrical appliances, electrical control in the life-giving electrical mesh with wet hands;
- practice with hand-held electric lamps with a voltage of 50 V in applications with advanced insecurity and especially unsafe applications, and with work in especially unfriendly minds, more 12 Art.
3. It is not allowed to overwhelm electrical accessories without visual inspection.
Corystuvatisya with electrical appliances should be done sparingly, uniquely, as far as possible, idle mode of operation.
4. In the event of any breaks in the robot, and also after the completion of the work, it is necessary to turn on the electric power to live, the electric power and live in until the start-up of the robot is turned off by third-party persons.
Vymogi bezpeka after vikoristannya elektropriladіv.
1. Turn on the power supplies to help you save money, the STOP buttons, or pull the plug out of the socket.
2. Reconnection, which include electric heating accessories (electric stoves, electric heaters, etc.), to be placed on fire supports and the possibility of borrowing a charge of heating objects is turned off.
3. Change the connection at the correctness of the life cord and the plug of the electrical appliance, sockets, vimics.
4. Vyhodyachi z pіdіshchennya vіdklyuchiti elektrichne osvіlennya, ventilator, air conditioner lean.
VIMOGI ELECTRIC SAFETY
1. The concept of "electric safety".
Electrical safety- system of organizational technical entries that zasobіv, scho to protect the defenders of people from the unsafe infusion electric struma, electric arc, electromagnetic field and static electricity ( GOST 12.1.009–82. SSBT. Electrical safety. Terms and definition).
Wimogi electrical safety in the International Rules protection of work (safety rules) pіd hour of operation of electrical installations, Rules technical operation electrical installations of spozhivachіv, GOSTs and other normative legal acts. Vimogi, like in these acts, are expanding us Spozhyachiv, pracіvnikіv usіh organіzatsіy, nezalezhno vіd vіd forms vlastі and organіzаtsіyno-legal forms, as well as physical features, engaged in technical maintenance of electrical installations, who carry out operational switching, who organize and repair installation, maintenance, repair and maintenance work in electrical installations, testing and maintenance (electrical personnel). Spozhivach - organization of all forms of authority and organizational and legal forms, individual entrepreneurs and citizens (owners of electrical installations with a voltage of over 1000 V), who operate electrical installations with a voltage of up to 220 kV inclusive (PTEEP clause 1.1.2).
2. Main normative acts, how to install electrical safety equipment
Functional in the organization of electrical installations of the 1st party are operated normally up to such basic regulations: MPOT (PB) EEU - International rules for the protection of work during the operation of electrical installations. PORM-016-2001. RD 153-34.0-03.150-00. Approved by the Ministry of Health social development RF (Decree No. 3 of 05.01.01) and the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation (Decree No. 163 of 27.12.00). Z ism. 2003 Rules for the introduction of the 1st day of 2001 After the introduction of these rules, the “Rules for the safety engineering during the operation of electrical installations” (2nd edition, revised and supplemented. M., Energoatomizdat, 1989) and “Rules for the safety engineering during the operation of electrical installations” Electrical Installations of the Spozhivachiv” (4th type. Redesigned and supplemented. M., Derzhenergonaglyad, 1994). PTEEP- Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of spares. Order of the Ministry of Energy dated 13.01.03 No. 6. Registered with the Ministry of Justice on 22.01.03 No. 4145. PTE- Rules for the technical operation of electrical stations in the area. RD 34.20.501-95. 15th edition, reworked and supplemented. Approved by RAT "EES of Russia" on 24.08.95. PUE- Rules for the control of electrical installations. Approved by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation on 06.10.99.
Instruction
Have a call from friends 27.12.02 federal law"About technical regulation", which is gaining rank from 01.07.03, legal acts(NPA), which are accepted after the appointed date and retaliation for production, production processes, exploitation, conservation, transportation, sale, disposal, shall be subject only to the "Technical Regulations". RLA (Rules, Regulations, Instructions) will be given in accordance with the law and may be replaced by Technical Regulations.
It is not allowed to see that vikonanny order and order, to supervise the authorities, to avoid the appointment of documents.
Unsafe and shkidli virobnichi factors, connected with vikoristannyam electrical energy.
Officials of the unsafe and shkidlivy infusion on the people, tied to vikoristannyam electrical energy, є:
the passage of an electric struma through the body of a person;
injection of electric arc;
diya biologically active electric field;
injection of a biologically active magnetic field 2;
injection of an electrostatic field;
injection of electromagnetic vibration (EMI).
Electrical injury: local damage to tissues (metalization of the shkiri, electrical signs and opics) and organs (severe shortness of breath, fibrillation of the heart, electrophthalmia, blood electrolysis) as a result of the infusion of an electric stream or an electric arc onto a person.
Behind the step on the human body, there are several stages:
I - weak, judicious shortness of m'yaziv;
II - sudomnі skorochennya m'yazіv, not tired;
III - loss of information, damage to the heart and dichal activity;
IV - clinical death, tobto. breathlessness and blood circulation.
Mechanical failures, which were caused by a splash of shkіdli factors, associated with vicarious electrical energy (fall from height, clogged space), can also be driven up to electrical injury. In addition, the electric strum calls for a mimoly short-lived m'yaziv (sudomi), as if it makes the people's vibrations worse in contact with the streak-carrying particles.
Occupational illnesses are manifested, as a rule, in disorders of the functional state of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. In people who practice near the zone of electric and magnetic fields, electrostatic fields, electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies, drativity, headache, sleep disturbance, decreased appetite, and impaired reproductive function are manifested. As a result of influx of shkіdlivih factors, ailments of the eyes or leukemia can appear.
4. Obov'yazki Spozhivacha іz bezpechennya elektrobezpeki.
Vіdpovіdno to p. 1.2.2 PTEEP
in due course technical service, planned-pre-peredzhuvalny repair, testing, modernization and reconstruction of electrical installations and electrical control;
pіdbіr electrotechnical and electrotechnological personnel. Periodic take a medical look practitioners, briefings on the safety of work, fire safety;
training and revision of knowledge of electrical engineering personnel and electrical engineering personnel;
reliability of work and safety of operation of electrical installations;
dotrimannya could protect the work of electrotechnical and electrotechnological personnel;
protection dovkilla pіd hour of operation of electrical installations;
appearance, analysis and investigation of damage to robotic electrical installations, unfortunate events related to the operation of electrical installations, that life, when it comes to understanding the reasons for their vindication;
reporting to the authorities of the power authority about accidents, deaths, serious and group accidents, related to the operation of electrical installations;
rozroblennya posadovyh and virobnichih іnstruktsіy z zahori pratsі for electrical personnel;
completion of electrical installations with necessary equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and tools;
appearance, rational distribution of electrical energy and energy savings;
carrying out the necessary testing of electric power, operation of the outbuildings of a bliskvkozakhist, vimiryuvalnyh accessories and facilities for the appearance of electrical energy;
vikonannya rozpriyazhenya organіv sovereign energy at a glance.
New or reconstructed electrical installations and start-up complexes are due to be taken into operation in accordance with the procedure laid down in PTEEP and others normative documents(Clause 1.3.1 PTEEP).
Vіdpovіdno up to clause 1.1.5 of the MPOT (PB) of the EEU, the organizations are responsible for monitoring the dotrimannym of the MPOT (PB) of the EEU and instructions for the protection of work, control over the conduct of instructions for electrical safety. Vidpovidalnist for the camp of the protection of the workers carried the robot.
Kerivnik Spozhivach is not required to assign a group of electrical safety, as he delegates his innovation from technical ceramics to electrical installations to a ceramics practical organization.
The damage could not be carried out by the electrical safety of the tyagne behind him, and it is viable to respectful legislation.
Sovereign supervision over vikonannyam could not provide electrical safety by the authorities of the sovereign energy supervision.
5. The order of recognition of the osib, vіdpovіdalnyh elektrogospodarstvo.
For the uninterrupted vikonanny obov'yazkіv shkodo organіzatsiї ekspluatsiї ekspluatciї ekspluatciї ektrostanovitsії kerіvnik Spozhyvacha (krim gromadyan - vlasnikіv elektrostanovleny ponad 1000 V) an official document recognizes the vodpovidalny for the electric state of the organization and yogic intercessor.
In Spozhivachiv, the tightness of electrical installations, which do not exceed 10 kVA, has been installed, the practitioner, which substitutes for the electric state, may not be recognized.
For those who are not engaged in virobnicheskoy diyalnistyu, the electric state of such includes only entrances (opening-rozpodilny) attachments, lighting installations, portable electric power, cerivnik of Spozhyach safe operation electrical installations, you can put on yourself for a letter with the official authority of the power authority, looking at the way of issuing a valid application-goiter (Supplement
No. 1 to PTEEP).
The intercessor for the power of the state is appointed from the number of cerivniks and specialists of Spozhyach.
Appointment of the supreme representative for the electric state of that yogo intercessor to pass after re-verification of the knowledge and assignment of the competent group from the electric safety:
V - in electrical installations more than 1000;
IV - in electrical installations up to 1000 St.
The re-verification of knowledge among those responsible for the power of the state Spozhyachiv, their intercessors, as well as fakhіvtsіv from the protection of the practice, to the obligation to control the electrical installations, is carried out in the commission of the authorities of the derzhenergonoglyad.
It is allowed to watch the obov'yazkiv for the electric state for madness.
It is allowed not to carry out, in due course, with the authorities of the state energy, a re-examination of knowledge from a specialist who has been hired for a job for a foolishness with a method of paying for new shoes for electric power, for an one-hour slaying of such minds:
from the moment of re-checking the knowledge of the Commission of the Power Energy Supervisor as an administrative and technical staff from the main work, no more than 6 months have passed;
energy efficiency of electrical installations, their foldability in the organization for the sake of confusion is not higher, lower for the main job;
in the organization for the confusion of the daily electrical installations with a voltage of 1000 V.
For the tribute of a certificate of recognition for the electric state, the organization's manager can recognize the certificate of recognition for the certificate of the electric state structural subdivisions(Section 1.2.8 PTEEP).
Іndivіdualnі ПідприєМЦІ, Які Victory Tekhnikhna Ektrolevoya, SHO, carry out the installation of them, hungry, renoval, bladder, vipvoyannya, the Vimіrumanna for the Agreement, Moon Perevіrkkka knows the insertion order to Mati Vіdpovdnu in the PTEEP (p. 1.2.5 Pteep).
6. Assistance to personnel who are allowed to service electrical installations.
Prior to clause 1.4.1 PTEEP, the operation of electrical installations (EU) may require training of electrical personnel.
Obslugovuvannya elektrotehnologіchnih installations (elektrozvaryuvannya, elektrolіz, elektrotermіya toscho) and takozh collapsible energonasichenogo virobnicho-tehnologіchnogo obladnannya at robotі yakogo potrіbne postіyne tehnіchne obslugovuvannya that regulyuvannya elektroaparaturi, elektroprivodіv, hand elektrichnih machines, portable that peresuvnih elektropriymachіv, portable elektroіnstrumentu, Got zdіysnyuvati elektrotehnologіchny staff Vіn is guilty of mother sufficient knowledge and knowledge for careless vikonannya the work of that technical service of the installation attached to it.
The electrical engineering staff of the manufacturing workshops and dealerships, who do not enter the warehouse of the energy service of Spozhivach, who manage the operation of electrical engineering installations, that group s electrical safety II and more, in their rights and obligations, are equal to electrical engineering.
Kerіvniki, at the direct order of any electric technological personnel, the responsible group of electrical safety is not lower, lower than that of the subordinate personnel.
The transfer of the station to the professions of electrical and technological personnel, which is necessary for the mother of the relevant group of electrical safety, confirms the worker of Spozhyach.
Personnel, admissions to the operation and maintenance of electrical installations, are guilty of:
Mother vocational training, which reflects the nature of the work. For the availability of professional training, such practitioners are obliged to learn (admission independent work) at specialized centers staff training;
Get a medical checkup. The camp of healthy electrical personnel, which is the service of electrical installations, is indicated by a medical glance when they are hired and then periodically converted into lines inserted by the health protection authorities. Pratsіvniki z electrotechnical personnel are not guilty of mothers of calisthenics and ailments in a stable form, which are responsible for virobnichiy robots;
Prior to admission to independent work, go through the apprenticeship of an injured person with an electric shock and first aid in case of unfortunate depressions;
Get trained in a working position in an obsyaz, necessary for your profession (plant). Electrician personnel before admission to independent work or at least an hour of transition to another work (plantation), as well as in case of a break in the work, goiter, goiter and goiter to undergo a training course at a work station. program virobnicheskogo nauchannya warehouse vodpovidalny for elektrogospodarstvo pіdrozdіli and zatverzhuє vіdpovidalny for elektrogospodarstvo podpriєmstva;
Pass the re-verification of knowledge of the MPOT (PB) EEU, PTEEP and other normative and technical documents (rules and instructions for technical operation, fire safety, corystuvannya zahisnimi zabomami, vlastuvannya of electrical installations) at the boundaries You may have been assigned to the highest category for electrical safety, and it has been seen that the installment was confirmed;
Pass an internship at a job position for 2 to 14 shifts. The internship is carried out under the supervision of a senior primary practitioner and works on programs that are developed for the skin planting (working area) and hardened in the prescribed manner. Admission to the internship is issued by the official document of the engineer Spozhyach;
The program for the preparation of core staff for operational personnel, practitioners from among operational, operational and repair personnel for further duplication;
Admission to independent work, execution of the official document of Spozhyach.
Groups for electrical safety of electrical personnel are assigned to them.
Assigned to a group of electrical safety, which is necessary for the withdrawal of admission to the maintenance of the operation of electrical installations that are being carried out. Qia can be seen and up to the point of non-electrical technical personnel who work in electrical installations.
Electrical personnel in the organization are divided into the following categories: administrative and technical, operational, repair, operational and repair, and electrical technological personnel of manufacturing shops and dealers.
Electrical personnel, which is a medical review, special training and re-verification of knowledge, is assigned a group of electrical safety (type II to V) depending on the work experience in electrical installations, learning, theoretical knowledge and practical skills in robotics.
In addition, the staff should be provided with electrical safety in the MPOT (PB) EEU, Addendum 1. Instructed in the Rules, additionally, the minimum tariffs for the organization’s organization may be supplemented.
A small number of special electrical personnel may be assigned to group II. It is possible to attract groups from electrical safety only sequentially, it is not possible to jump over a group.
Persons younger than 18 years old are not allowed to qualify for a higher group for II.
In the next hour I will start working (transferring to a different location, replacing a daily practitioner), the staff is obliged to undergo a re-verification of knowledge and confirm the actual group of fully possessing electrical installations in a new location.
When a practitioner is transferred, employed in the maintenance of electrical installations with a voltage lower than 1000 V, to work in the maintenance of electrical installations with a voltage of more than 1000 V, as a rule, one cannot be assigned a group III.
Non-electrical personnel, who are vigilant, who may be in danger of injury from an electrical jet, are assigned a group I of electrical safety. The change of station and professions, which should be assigned to the personnel of the 1st group of electrical safety, is designated by Spozhyach.
Group I is assigned to personnel who have acquired the best electrical safety that they need to virobnichoy activity, with the design of the journal has an inserted form. The connection is not visible.
The assignment of group I is carried out by means of a briefing, which, as a rule, is responsible for completing the re-verification of knowledge in the form of oral training and (for the need) re-verification of the learned beginners of safe methods of work or first aid in the case of damage by an electric jet.
Assignment of group I from electrical safety to carry out a workshop at the warehouse of electrical personnel of this Spozhivach from a group of electrical safety is not lower than III, assignments to the orders of the organization's electrician.
The assignment of the I group of electrical safety is carried out periodically at least once per river.
Periodicity and the procedure for re-verification is known to electrical personnel.
To re-verify the knowledge of the electrical and electrical engineering personnel of the organization, the engineer Spozhivacha is guilty of declaring by order of the organization the commission at the warehouse not less than five osib.
The head of the commission is responsible for group V electrical safety in Spozhyachiv with electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1000 V, and group IV in Spozhivachiv with electrical installations with a voltage of more than 1000 V.
All members of the commission are responsible for the group on electrical safety and have their knowledge checked by the commission to the authority of the energy watchdog.
It is allowed to re-verify the knowledge of okremy members of the commission at the local level for the mind, that the head of that no less than two members of the commission passed the re-verification of knowledge from the commission of the authorities of the power watchdog (clause 1.4.30 PTEEP).
Under the hour of re-verification, the knowledge of the guilt must be present at least three members of the commission, including the head of the commission (p. 1.4.33 PTEEP).
The re-verification of the knowledge of the practitioners of the slow, the number of which does not allow the commission to re-verify the knowledge, may be carried out at the commissions of the authorities of the power watchdog (clause 1.4.34 PTEEP).
The re-verification of knowledge to the staff is divided into first and periodic (chergovu and pozachergovu).
The first re-verification of knowledge is carried out by practitioners, as they first hoped for a job, I was assigned to the maintenance of electrical installations, or if the re-verification of knowledge was interrupted, it would take 3 years.
Chergovy re-verification is carried out at the next term:
for electrical engineering personnel, which without intermediary organizes the work of servicing the working EU, or conducts work on them, electrical installation, repair work, or prophylactic testing, as well as for the personnel, which may
for administrative and technical personnel, which does not belong to the previous category, as well as for fakhivtsiv s of the protection of practice, admitted to the EU inspection, - 1 time for 3 years.
Pozachergova reverification of knowledge is carried out independently according to the term of the previous reverification:
at the time of introducing new or revised norms and rules into practice at Spozhyach;
when installing a new property, reconstructing or changing the main electrical and technological circuits (need cross-border revision at the time of the appointment of a technical kerivnik);
in case of recognition of translation to another work, as new obov'yazki require additional knowledge and rules;
in times of destruction by practitioners, they could have normative acts for the protection of work;
to the aid of the authorities of the sovereign;
schodo vysnovku komіsії, yak investigated unfortunate incidents with people or damage to the robotic energy facility;
have advanced knowledge for a different group;
after the completion of an unsatisfactory assessment of the hour of re-verification of knowledge;
in case of a break at the robot’s in the next settlement for over 6 months.
Pozachergova reverification, which is carried out on the basis of state control authorities, as well as after accidents, incidents and unfortunate events that happened, without using the terms of the chergovoi reverification behind the schedule, and can be carried out in the commission of energy supervision authorities.
Pratsіvniki, yakі mayut the right to conduct special robіt, owe the mother about the record at the convict. Prior to special work, it is possible to: climbing robots, work under tension on the stream-guided particles;
9. Electrical safety precautions 4 that are stuck in electrical installations.
Electrical installations may be equipped with testing, preparing until the end of the year with the help of the first order (SZ), as well as with the first order medical assistance Vіdpovіdno to chinnyh norms and rules (clause 1.1.4 MPOT (PB) EEU). Protect the defender from the following class: protect the defender from the electric shock (electrical protection); protect yourself from electric fields of increased voltage (collective and individual); sobi individual zakhistu. Before electrostatic protection, one can see:
- insulating rods; insulating and electrically circulating mites; voltage indicators of all types and classes; non-contact signaling devices for the presence of tension; insulating tool; dielectric mittens, boots and galoshes, kilims, insulating pads; zahisnі fencing (boards, screens, insulating pads, kovpak); portable grounding; attachments and attachments for ensuring safety during testing and testing in electrical installations (voltage gauges for reversing the phase sequence, extensions for cable puncture, gauges for checking the cable too thinly); cry that safety signs; otherwise, make a defense, insulating outbuildings and outbuildings for repair robots under voltage in electrical installations of 110 kV and more).
- higher 1000 V 5
(insulating rods, insulating and electrical pliers, voltage gauges, attachments for ensuring safety during testing and testing in electrical installations); electrical protection in electrical installations up to 1000 V(insulating rods, insulating and electromagnetic clamps, voltage indicators, dielectric mittens, insulating tools).
- electrical protection in electrical installations higher 1000 V(dielectric mittens, dielectric boots, dielectric kilims, insulating pads and slips, insulating pads, rods for transferring and vibrating potential); electrical protection in electrical installations up to 1000 V(electrical galoshes, electrical kilims, insulating pads and slips, insulating linings).
- Zahisne grounding. Zeroing. Zahisne inclusion. Low voltage stall. Underground insulation. Fencing attachment. Signalization, blocking, security, crying.
10. Zahisnі come in electrical safety, yakі zastosovuyutsya in electrical installations.
Significant number of unfortunate fluctuations in the event of an electric blast injury is due to the fact that the insulation of electrical devices is being destroyed. In order to protect people from damage by an electric strum in case of poor insulation, one of the following offensive entrances is to be blamed for: grounding, zeroing, shutting down, a wide transformer, low voltage 6, suspended insulation, potential 1.7.2. Zahisne grounding- navmisne z'ednannya from the ground or as an equivalent of metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical appliances (electrical installations), which can be supported by a voltage Zeroing- navmisne electrical connection of metal non-current parts of electrical receivers (electrical installations) with the neutral point of the transformer (GOST 12.1.009 - 76. SSBT. Electrical safety. Terms and conditions). Grounding or grounding of electrical installations should be done:
- in all electrical installations at a voltage of 380 V and more snake struma and 440 V and more fast strumu; in electrical installations that are operated in areas with promoted by unsafe 7 especially unsafe 8 and standard installations - at a voltage of 42 V, or less than 380 V of a replacement stream and above 110 V, or less than 440 V of a constant stream.
| Rated line voltageUabout,B | Opening hours, h |
| Rated phase voltageUoh w | Hourincluded, s |
11. Organizations come in to ensure the safe conduct of work in electrical installations.
Under the hour of vikonannya works in electrical installations due to special visits (organizational, technical) to ensure electrical safety. Organization visits, what to ensure the safety of work in electrical installations, є:
- registration robot work permit 9, orders 10 or a change of work, which are kept in order in-line operation 11 ; access to work- To be carried out after the re-examination of the preparation of the work area. The preparation of the work mission is carried out by the worker according to the permission, which is seen by the operating personnel (dispatcher). In vipadkah, if the worker is working on a daily basis, the preparation of the working place is the responsibility of one of the members of the brigade, who is in group III. In case of admission to work, the admitting person is guilty of reconsideration of the brigade’s warehouse to the warehouse assigned to the work order for the brigade’s members; to bring the brigadi showing installed ground otherwise, by reversing the voltage voltage, as the grounding is not visible from the working place, the voltage is daily, and in electrical installations with a voltage of 35 kV and lower (which allows a constructive increase) - with a stepping dot with a hand to the strum-carrying parts. The preparation of the work area and the admission of the brigade to the work can be carried out only after the permission is granted to the operational personnel or to the certified worker. Allowed for the admission of the brigade to the work, but also transfers to the personnel, which is the preparation of the workforce, especially, by telephone, radio, with express or through the operational personnel of the intermediate station; visual pid hour of work(after admission to work). A glance over the dotrimanns by the brigade could safely entrust the virobnik robit (observer). It is not allowed to posterigachev to look at the vicons, be it robots. If it is necessary to have a watchful eye, the virobnik robit (observant) of the goiter sees the brigade (with the help of the guards and the closing of the entrance doors to the castle); cut into a robot, translated into another work space completion of work.
12. Individuals, vidpovidalni for safe conduct work at electrical installations.
Vidpovіdalnymi for safe conduct robit є:
- Sociality, Scho Vіddaє Rospiode, Shaho Kolodyzuє Prelіk Robіt, Shaho visible in the order of the flow of the ADMINSІNSІstrative and Technical Human Resources with a group tolerance IV V. V. V. Vikonnynnya Robota. Vіdpovіdaєda Zakіvіv safety, for the yakіsny and kіlkіsny warehouse of the brigade and recognized for the vіdpovіdalny for bіdpіdnі for bіdpovіdnіst vykonuvanіy robіtі group s z elektrobezpeka perehovanіv vіdpіdі prats_vnіkіv) ;
vidpovidalny kerіvnik robit(assigned to osіb osіb administrative and technical personnel, as a group V. As a rule, it is assigned when working in electrical installations with a voltage of more than 1000 V. In electrical installations up to 1000 okremih species robit, warnings at the MPOT (PB) EEU clause 2.1.5) ;
admitting(assigned from the number of operational personnel from group III or IV. Validation for the correctness and availability of the entrances to the security and the validity of their visits, assigned to the outfit, the nature of the job, for the correct admission to the job, for the fullness of the quality of instructing the members of the brigade, him). In cases, if the worker works on his own shoes with the shoes of the allower, the preparation of the working place is the responsibility of one of the members of the brigade, who is in group III); vikonovets robit. (Priznachaєtsya of numbers osіb іz GROUP III abo IV Vіdpovіdaє for vіdpovіdnіst robochem Georeferencing vkazіvkam together; dodatkovі come in BEZPEKA for chіtkіst that povnotu іnstruktazhu chlenіv teams; for nayavnіst, spravnіst that correctly zastosuvannya neobhіdnih zasobіv Zakhyst, іnstrumentu, іnventaryu that pristosuvan; for zberezhennya on the working area of fences, posters, grounding, flashing outbuildings; carelessly carried out roboti that dotrimannya vimog Rules; for maintaining constant control over members of the brigade);
- posterigach(A special person is assigned to electrical personnel from group III. He is guilty of confessing to keep an eye on the brigades, if he does not lose the right to independently practice in electrical installations).
In case of violations, established by clause 2.1.11 of the IPOC (PB) EEU, the summation of obov'yazkiv is allowed, which are valid for safe conduct.
13. Tsіlovyіy іnstruktаzh before the cob robіt z alongside-tolerance (order).
On the cob robit iz ordering chi, along with may change the order. Іnstruktazh tsіlovoї - Price not specified schodo Bezpieczne vikonannya konkretnoї robots in elektroustanovtsі scho ohoplyuyut kategorіyu pratsіvnikіv, viznachenih dress abo rozporyadzhennyam, having seen od outfit scho vіddav rozporyadzhennya to brigade members abo vikonavtsya (PTEEP, termіni scho zastosovuyutsya have rules tehnіchnoї ekspluatatsії elektroustanovok spozhivachіv). Without holding target briefing the admission to the robot is withdrawn (clause 2.7.7 of the MPOT (PB) EEU). Tsіl'ovy іnruktazh pіd hour robіt along with conduct:
- a well-known outfit - to the vidpovіdalny kirіvnik robit abo, as if the vіdpovіdalny kіvnik is not assigned, the vibrator is robit (what is posterigaє); admitting - to the vidpovіdalny kerіvnik robit, the vibrator robіt (scho posterіgaє) that to the members of the brigade; vidpovіdalny kerіvnik robіt - virobnik robіt (scho posterіgaє) that members of the brigade; worker (posterigach) - members of the brigade.
14. Technіchnі come in, scho to ensure the safety of work from the voltage.
Under the hour of preparation of the worker’s job, when the work is done, the work must be carried out along with the admission, or the order must be paid to the designated order of the work, and come in:
- zdijsnenno nebhіdnі vіdnіnі і vzhito zahodіv, scho dzhajuyut podrugі napruzі napruzі rіstse rіstse nasledіk pomilkovogo аbo mіmіlії іnnіnі switching devices; on hand-held darts and on keys remote care switching devices may have but vyshenі zaboronyuchі posters; the voltage stress on the jet-carrying parts was overestimated, as if they could be grounded for people to be attacked by an electric jet; grounding has been put on (grounding knives are included, and there, de stink every day, portable grounding has been installed); hung in Kazakh posters "Grounded", fenced with the necessary working space and strum-guiding parts, which were deprived of tension, hung in front of the ordering posters.
BASIC TERMS AND DESCRIPTIONS, ACCEPTED IN THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDYING THAT SAMPLE PROTECTION, WHICH ARE VICORISTED IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS, THESE DESCRIPTIONS
| term | Appointment |
| Zasіb zakhist pratsyuchy | Zasіb, appointments for zabіgannya or chіnshenny vplyu on pracyuyuchy unsafe and (or) shkіdlivih genetic factors |
| Zasіb collective zakhistu | Zasіb zahistu, constructively and (or) functionally tying with the virile process, virobnic possessions, acceptance, wakefulness, spores, virobnicheskim maidanchik |
| Zasіb іndivіdualnogo zakhistu | Zasіb zahistu, which vikoristovuetsya one person |
| Electrical protection zasib | Zasіb zakhistu against electric shock damage, appointments for electrical safety |
| Main insulating electrical shield | Insulating electrical insulation, insulation of which for a long time shows the working voltage of the electrical installation and allows you to work on the stream-carrying parts, which are under the voltage |
| Additional electrical insulation | Insulating electric shock, which by itself cannot, under given pressure, protect the protection against electric shock, but dopovnyuє the main protection against the shock, and also serve for the protection against the tension of the dotik and the tension of the crock |
| Dotik's voltage | The voltage between two conductive parts, or between the conductive part of that land, with a one-hour dotik to them people |
| Crocodile voltage | The voltage between two points on the surface of the earth, on a height of 1 m, is one in one, as it is accepted by a straight line of a person |
| Bezpechna vіdstan | The name is acceptable to be among the practical ones, that the dzherela is not safe, it is necessary to ensure the safety of the practical one |
| Voltage indicator | Appliances for the identification of the presence or the presence of the voltage on the jet-carrying parts of electrical installations |
| Voltage presence signaling device | Attachment for advancement to personnel about knowledge in a potentially unsafe zone through the proximity to the jet-carrying parts, which are under the pressure, on the unsafe stand, or for the forward (orientation) assessment of the visibility of the voltage on the jet-carrying parts of the electrical installation, when they are running |
| Work without stress relief | The robot, which vykonuetsya from the dot to the strum-guided parts, which is under the pressure (working or induced), but on the other side of these strum-guided parts is less than permissible |
| Poster (sign) safety | The color image of the singing geometrical form with different signal and contrasting colors, graphic symbols and (or) explanatory inscriptions, is recognized for the advancement of people about the middle, or it is possible to insecure, fencing, ordering, or allowing the songs, as well as for information about the rose , the choice of which includes or reduces the influx of unsafe and (or) slip factors |
| Screen attachment | Zasіb collective zakhistu, which reduces the voltage of the electric field at working places in electrical installations, which is under the voltage |
Addendum 2
Translation of normative legal acts,
- MPOT (PB) EEU - International rules for the protection of work during the operation of electrical installations. POTRM - 016 - 2001. RD 153 - 34.0-03.150 - 00. Approved by the Ministry of Social Development of the Russian Federation. Decree dated 05.01.01 No. 3. Approved by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation. Order dated December 27, 00 No. 163. PTEEP - Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of spares. Order of the Ministry of Energy Russian Federation dated January 13, 2003 No. 6. Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on January 22, 2003 No. 4145. PUE - Rules for the installation of electrical installations. Approved by the RF Minpalivenergo 06.10.99.
Instruction stosuvannya that vyprobovannya zabіv zahistu, scho vikoristovuyutsya in electrical installations. Order of the Ministry of Energy issued on 30.06.2003. No. 261.
Regulations on the sovereign energy vision of the Russian Federation. Decree of the Council dated 12.98.98 No. 938.
Rules for the protection of electrical wires with a voltage up to 1000 V.
Rules for the protection of electrical wires with a voltage of over 1000 V.
Rules for the technical operation of electrical stations there. RD 34.20.501-95. 15th edition, reworked and supplemented. Approved by RAT "EES of Russia" on 24.08.95.
Rules for organizing work with personnel in organizations of the electric power industry of the Russian Federation. Order of the Minpalivenergo 20.12.99 No. 431.
GOST 12.1.009–82. SSBT. Electrical safety. The terms are the same.
GOST 12.1.051-90 SSBT. Electrical safety. Look out for security security zone power lines with a voltage of over 1000 V.
GOST 12.1.019–79. SSBT. Electrical safety. Zagalni vimogi that nomenclature vidiv zakhistu. GOST 12.1.038-82. SSBT. Electrical safety. borderline admissible equals strain dotik and strumіv. GOST 12.2.007.0 SSBT. Electrical engineering virobi. Zagalni vimogi to safety. GOST 12.2.007.0-75. SSBT. Electrical engineering virobi. Wimogi be safe. We install a class of zahista, so that portable or transferable electrical devices are connected, which are connected to the wire through plug roses (sockets). GOST 12.4.155-85 SSBT. Attached zahisnogo inclusion. Classification. Zagalni technical support. DERZHSTANDART R 50669-94 Electrical supply and electrical safety of mobile (inventory) rooms with metal or with a metal frame for street trading or single-button services for the population. GOST R 50571.1-93. Electrical installations budivel. Basic provisions. GOST R 50571.2-94. Electrical installations budivel. Part 3 Main characteristics. GOST R 50571.8-94. (MEK 364-4-47-81). Electrical installations budivel. Part 4 Zagalnі vimogi shkodo zastosuvannya zahodіv zahistu for the safety of security. Vymogi shkodo zastosuvannya zakhodіv vіd vіd urazhennya elektrichnym strum. GOST 12.2.013.0-91. (MEK 745-1-82). SSBT. Machines electric hand. Zagalnі vimogi bezpeka that methodi viprobuvan. About the confirmation of the transfer of the landowner's rights of the state power-generating vision of the Russian Federation, the confirmation of the filing of protocols on administrative law enforcement. Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 19.09.02. No. 316.
1 Electrical installation - a combination of devices, machines, attachments, lines and additional equipment (at once from spores and applications, in which stinks are installed), is recognized for the production, transformation, transformation, transmission, distribution of electrical energy and transformation into another type.
2 Biologically active electric and magnetic fields, the intensity of which exceeds the marginal allowable levels (MPD) - hygienic standards of minds of practice.
3 Exposure - a characteristic characteristic of intensity and trivality slip factor.
4 Protect against electrical blast damage, recognized for electrical safety.
5 The new sovereign standards of Russia, developed on the basis of the MEK standards, have a wide range of concepts “ low voltage", which does not exceed the value of 1000 V of the changeable stream and 1500 V of the constant stream" high voltage» the value is higher than 1000 V of the permanent stream and 1500 V of the permanent stream.
6 The PEK standards use the term “superlow voltage”. This is such a pressure, as it does not exceed the value of 50 strum and 120 permanent strum.
7 Primіschennya z pivyzhenyuyuyuyuyuyu characterizes the onaccity mind: Vukkostі (75%) Abo Stroprodnaya Saw, Ltrumoprovіdniyii Підлого долого искойї ї 30 ° С), Мостовий молостая тототикие 'Day from the ground to the metal buildings of the electrical installation.
8 Particularly unsafe accommodation are characterized by the presence of one of the attacking minds: especially watery (90%), chemically active or organic medium, at the same time two and more minds of increased discomfort.
9 Work permit - the order of the order for the production of work, drawn up on a special form of the inserted form and the initial charge, the place of the work, the hour of the cob and the end, wash the safe conduct, the warehouse of the brigade and the work, in the event of a safe work.
10. Ordering may one-time character, the term yogo di ї signifies the trivality of the working day of the Vikonavtsy. For orders, robots are vigilant, as a rule, in electrical installations up to 1000 V.
11. Small for obsyagom see work, in electrical installations up to 1000 V, which are counted as a work change on the property assigned to the personnel, are liable to be paid back to the arrears and signed by the government for the electric state and approved by the organization.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
System of safety standards for work
BUDIVNITSTVO. ELECTRIC SAFETY
Zagalni vimogi
GOST 12.1.013-78
ROZROBLEN
Sovereign committee of the SRSR on the right of everyday life. Ministry of Assembly and Special weekly work SRSR VIKONAVTSI V. A. Aleksiev (certifier of topics); I. S. Sanin; A. P. Kulishov; A. G. Maksimova; N. P. Dobronravova; A.I. Fighters; B. A. Ravich; V. A. Antonov; L. K. Konovalova U NESEN Sovereign Committee of the SRSR on the Right of Life Member of the Board V. I. Sichov OF STATEMENTS AND INTRODUCTIONS BY THE DIA Decree of the Sovereign Committee of the SRSR on the right of everyday life on 18 September 1978. No. 180 INTERNATIONAL
|
System of safety standards for work BUDIVNITSTVO. ELECTRIC SAFETY Zagalni vimogiOccupational safety standards system. Life. electrical safety. General requirements |
GOST |
This standard is being expanded on budіvelno-assembly robots and installs high-voltage electrical safety equipment for the preparation and maintenance of budіvelno-assembly robots. The standard is not extended to budіvel-assembly robots, which are fluent electrical installations voltage over 1000 V, as well as on budіvelno-assembly robots, which are mined in mines and diggings. The standard follows the recommendations of the REV regarding standardization of PC 1170-67, as well as PC 1526-68 for the part that requires grounding.
1. TOP POSITIONS
1.1. For the safety of people's protection in the form of unsafe and rough electric streak, electric arc, electromagnetic field and static electricity, it is necessary to follow the best standards and normative and technical documentation, induced in the binding addendum 1, that standard. 1.2. Until osіb, yaki allowed to work with the maintenance of electrical installations and control of budіvelnym machines and poslavnannym s electric drive, owe vymogi, vykladenі in the obov'yazkovy dodatka 2. 1.3. Individuals, employed on alarm-assembly robots, are guilty of learning how to use safe methods of attaching an electric jet to people and first dokarskoy assistance with electrical injury (div. dovidkovy addendum 3). 1.4. The budіvelno-assembly organization is responsible for appointments of an engineering and technical practitioner, who has a qualification group of safety equipment no lower than IV, responsible for the safe operation of the electric state of the organization. 1.5. Vidpovidalnist for the safety of vikonannya concrete budіvelno-assembly robіt z vikoristannyam electrical installations rely on the engineering and technical practitioners, yakі cheruyut vikonannya tsikh robіt.2. ELECTRICAL SAFETY
2.1. With the power of the electric fence on the wakeful maidan, it is necessary to transfer the possibility of turning on all the electrical installations at the borders of the other objects and the workers. 2.2. Robots involved in the arrival (in the event) of wires, repairs, adjustments, preventive maintenance and testing of electrical installations, are responsible for the appointment of electrical personnel, which may be a qualified group of safety equipment. Arriving to the electrical chain of electrical installations, hand-held electrical machines and portable electrical lamps for additional plug-in connections, which satisfy the power of electrical safety, it is allowed to visit personnel admitted to work with them. The installation of zapobіzhnіv, as well as electric lamps, is to be blamed by an electrician, which zastosovuє zasobі іindivіdualnogo zakhistu. 2.3. Mounting and repair works on electrical girders and electrical installations are due to be charged after the full charge from them and when they come in to ensure the safety of the safe vikonnannya works. 2.4. When saving, converting, and operating manual electrical machines, lowering transformers, changing the frequency and portable electric lamps, they must comply with the Safety Regulations for the operation of electrical installations at a slower pace, approved by Derzhenergon. 2.5. When administered, the posture works in all cases, and in patients, in the minds of the mind, the insecurity of the wounded by the working electric strum (div. shoes' viscous appendage 4), it is necessary to stop manually electrical machines II and III class according to GOST 12.2.007.0-75. When working with electrical machines Class II is necessary to zastosovuvat zastobi іindivіdualnogo zakhistu. For the obviousness of especially unsafe minds, the wounded with electric strums (div. obov'yazkovy addendum 4) should only be worn by electric machines of class III according to GOST 12.2. 2.6. Portable receiver of electrical energy (electrical variant) class I according to GOST 12.2.007.0-75 for the connection to the zherel of life is due to the mother cable from the grounding conductor and the plug rose from the grounding contact, which ensures the safety of the electric shock. inclusion. 2.7. Metal budіvelnі rishtuvannya, lath lines of electric vantageopіdіymalnyh faucets and іnshі metal parts of budіvelnі machines that have an electric drive due to the mother's zahisne grounding (zeroing). In electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1000 V with a dead-earthed neutral or a dead-earthed connection of a single-phase struma, grounding of buildings in electrical energy sources (electrical devices) without grounding is not allowed. 2.8. Vimikachi, knife switches and other commutation electric devices that stop at a wake-up call or are installed on a pick-up wake-up call machines that are due to a stolen vikonan. 2.9. Strumoprovidnі parts of electrical installations are due to insulation, fencing or accommodation in areas that are not accessible to dotik before them. 2.10. Zovnіshnі elektroprovodki timchasovogo elektropachannya due to buti vykonanі insulated wire, placed on poles on high above the level of the earth, pіdlogi, flooring not less than, m: 2.5 - above the working areas; 3.5 - above the aisles; 6.0 - over passages. 2.11. The installation and operation of electrical wiring and electrical work is to blame, including the possibility of thermal manifestations of an electric jet, which can lead to ignition of insulation or damage to combustible materials that are found. 2.12. Protecting the electrical fencing and electrical installations of the weekdays from the streams of the interphase short flicker and fuse to the body, is responsible for the security of the additional installation of fuses with calibrated fuse links or automatic vimics. 2.13. Luminaires of indirect lighting, connected to the living room (electrical lines) with a voltage of 127 and 220 V, must be installed at a height of at least 2.5 m from the level of the earth, underlays, and flooring. If the height is less than 2.5 m, the luminaires must be attached to the bar with a voltage of no more than 42 V. 2.14. When working in especially troubled minds (div. binding addendum 4), portable lamps with a voltage of no more than 12 V are to be stopped. rechargeable batteries. It is not allowed to stop autotransformers for designated purposes. 2.15. Electrically welded attachments according to GOST 12.2.003-74 and GOST 12.2.007.8-75. 2.16. Electric welding works are carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.003-75, Fire Safety Rules during carrying out welding and other fire works at objects popular government and by the Rules of Fire Safety for the hour of vikonannya budіvel-assembly work, approved by the Head Office of Fire Protection of the MVS SRSR. 2.17. Electrodotrimachi, which are used for manual arc welding with metal electrodes, is due to the satisfaction of GOST 14651-78. 2.18. The electrical installation (reversing, zvaryuvalny transformer just) is to be brought to the zherel of life through the knife switch and the guards, or the automatic vimikach. 2.19. Manually arc electric welding with metal electrodes is duly carried out from the stoppage of two wires, one of them is connected to the electric trim, and the other (reverse) - to the detail (base) that is being welded. When you tighten the secondary winding of the transformer, before any return wire arrives, there may be grounding (zeroing). 2.20. In the capacity of a whirlpool dart, which comes to the viroba, which is brewed, it is not allowed to vicorate the dart of grounding, pipes of sanitary and technical lines (water supply, gas pipeline, etc.), metal structures budіvel, technological introduction. 2.21. Electrical installations for electrical heating of the soil and concrete are responsible for the protection of the short wind. During the period of operation, it is necessary to stop the sound or light alarm. 2.22. The voltage of zherela zhivlennya lansyugіv elektroprogrіvu may not be higher: 380 V - with electrode heating of the soil, electrical heating of concrete sum and zvnіshny elektroobіgrіvі of reinforced and non-reinforced concrete; 220 V - with electrode heating of reinforced and non-reinforced concrete. 2.23. For the longest period of operation of electrical installations on weekly maidanchiks, safety signs should be installed according to GOST 12.4.026-76. 2.24. Budіvelno-assembling robots in the security zone of ceremonial redundant lines electric power transmissions should be carried out under the direct supervision of an engineering and technical practitioner, responsible for the safety of the viconnanny, for the clearness of the written permission of the organization - the line’s checklist to the permit, which is indicated mind safely robit that is seen in accordance with the rules of the head of the BNiP on safety techniques in everyday life. The work permit for the construction of budivel-assembly work in the security zone of the airborne power transmission line and is subject to signatures by the head engineer of the budivel-assembly organization and a special one, responsible for the safe camp of the electric state in the organization what do you carry for vykonannya nebhіdnih zahodіv elektrobezpeki, zaznachenyh p. 1.4 tsgogo standard. 2.25. Before spadix budіvelnih robot machines (strіlovih vantazhopіdіymalnih kranіv, ekskavatorіv toscho) in ohoronnіy zonі povіtryanoї lіnії elektroperedachі (div. Obov'yazkovy dodatok 5) guilty zabezpechuvatisya znyattya naprugi of povіtryanoї lіnії elektroperedachі at tsomu povinnі dotrimuvatisya vimog, n peredbachenih 2.24 tsogo standard. For the obviousness of the impossibility of priming the voltage from the redundant power transmission line to the robot of the emergency vehicles in the security zone of the power transmission line, it is allowed to pay for the mind and dotrimannya vimog, the transfer of paragraph 2.24 and paragraphs. 2.25.1-2.25.4 according to the standard. 2.25.1. Vіdstân vіd podyomnoї аbo visuvnoї part of budіvelnoї ї machine in be-yakoy її position up to the vertical plane, scho settles down the projection on the ground of the nearest dart of the power transmission line, which is not the least of the stresses, according to the tables.|
Line voltage, kV |
Namensha vіdstan, m |
| Up to 1 | |
| Type 1 to 20 | |
| ID 35 to 110 | |
| Vіd 150 to 220 | |
| 330 | |
| Type 500 to 750 | |
| 800 (permanent strumu) |
3. VIMOGY UNTIL THE STATUS OF THE INSTALLATION BY ASSEMBLING THE PROTECTION OF PRACTICES
3.1. Individuals who service electrical installations are guilty of arranging for individual protection, transferring standard Galuze norms of a free-of-charge type of special clothing, special service and outside outbuildings, approved by the State Committee of the SRSR and VTsRPS. 3.2. Make sure you get stuck in electrical installations, you need to test it periodically. The periodicity of the trials and the minds of the zahisnyh zasobіv may be able to follow the rule of law, hardened by the authorities of the sovereign at a glance. Zahisnі zasobi protect the traces of malice, confusion, mechanical failures, influx of factors and speeches that increase their dielectric power.4. SUPERVISION
4.1. Periodic control of the insulation support electric lancers electrical installations are responsible for the assistance of suitable appliances. Prior to arrival, you can adjust the voltage from the controlled electric coils. 4.2. Methods for controlling the tension of the electric field of a stream with a commercial frequency of 400 kV and more owing to the methods that transfer GOST 12.1.002-75.ADDITION 1
Obov'yazkove
PERELIK
normative and technical documentation, how to install
to the outrage of people in the unsafe and shkidlivo dії electric stream,
electric arc, electromagnetic field and static electricity
1. GOST 12.1.002-75, GOST 12.2.007.0-75 - GOST 12.2.007.14-75, GOST 12.2.013-75 and GOST 12.2.020-76. 2. Rules for the control of electrical installations (PUE), approved by the Ministry of Energy and Electricity of the SRSR. 3. Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of the emergency and the Rules for the technical safety of the operation of electrical installations of the emergency, approved by the Derzhenergonaglyad. 4. Rules for the protection of static electricity from the production of chemical, naphthochemical and naphthochemical industries, approved by the Ministry chemical industry and the Ministry of Naphtho-refining and Naphthochemical Industry of the USSR.
ADDITION 2
Obov'yazkove
VIMOGI TO PERSONS, PERMISSION TO ROBOT
MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
І BEFORE OPERATING MACHINES AND OWNERSHIP
WITH ELECTRIC DRIVE
1. Individuals who are allowed to work with the maintenance of electrical installations, must be no younger than 18 years old (decree of the State Committee of the SRSR dated 29 September 1959, No. 629, later from the VTsRPS). 2. Individuals who are allowed to work on the maintenance of electrical installations are obliged to undergo an anterior and periodic medical examination, as they are to be carried out at the lines that were established by the Ministry of Health Protection (addition 1 to the order of the Ministry of Health Protection of the SRSR on May 30, 1969 No. 400). 3. Individuals, scho dopuskayutsya to robіt of obslugovuvannya elektroustanovok and takozh to upravlіnnya machines abo obladnannyam of elektroprivodom, povinnі mother vіdpovіdnu kvalіfіkatsіyu zgіdno of tariff-kvalіfіkatsіynim dovіdnikom robіt that profesіy robіtnikіv, zaynyatih budіvnitstvі in that for repair and budіvelnih robots zatverdzhenomu Derzhbudom CPCP that Derzhkompraceyu SRSR; vodpovidnu qualifikatsiinu group z tekhnika bezpeka. undergo instruction and re-verification of knowledge of safety technology (electrical safety) according to the Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations to the point of safety and the Rules of safety technology for the operation of electrical installations of the point of safety, approved by Derzhenergonaglyad. 4. Individuals who are allowed to operate budding machines and those with electric drive, subject to a qualification group of safety equipment not lower than II. Confirmation of the qualification group should be carried out carefully from a record in the journal of re-verification of knowledge of safety technology. 5. Individuals who are allowed to operate manual electric machines, due to the mother of the 1st qualification group from safety equipment. Assignment of the 1st qualification group from safety technology should be completed with a record in the journal of re-verification of knowledge from safety technology. Individuals who belong to the 1st qualification group are obliged to undergo instruction at least once per quarter.
ADDITION 3
Dovidkove
DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRICAL INJURIES
1. The blame for electrical injury in the inflow of an electric jet or an electric arc can be connected: with a single-phase (single-pole) dotik not insulated from the ground (base) of a person to not insulated jet-carrying parts of electrical installations, which are under pressure; with a one-hour bunker of people up to two streak-guided non-insulated parts (phases, poles) of electrical installations, which are under voltage; from the proximity to the unsafe place of people who are not insulated from the ground (substantiated), to the stream-carrying, not protected by insulation, parts of electrical installations that are under pressure; from the bunker of a person, not insulated from the ground (substantiated), to the metal buildings (case) of the electrical installation, which was stubbed under the pressure; from the people who are turned on, who near the zone spread the struma to the sinful earth, to the “voltage crock”; with the function of atmospheric electricity during lightning discharges; from the direction of the electric arc; zі izvolennyam people, yak perebuvaє pіd naprugoyu. 2. The severity of electrical injury to lie in the struma that flows through the body of a person, the frequency of the struma, the physiological state of the body, the strife infusion of the struma, the passage of the struma into the body minds. 3. Significant manifestations of electrical injury may be optics, electrical signs on the cable cover, metalization on the surface of the cable of the body of a person.
ADDITION 4
Obov'yazkove
CLASSIFICATION OF MINDS
1. Wash people with an electric shock caused by the unsafety of people: a) the presence of moisture (a bet of a vologer, which condenses, is seen at the sight of dribbling streaks and the water content is more than 75% more); b) the presence of a wire saw (technological or other saw, settling on darts, penetrating into the middle of machines and devices and entering electrical installations, worsening and cooling off that insulation, but not forcing unsafe fire or vibration); c) presence of streak-conducting foundations (metal, earthen, concrete, cast-iron); d) the presence of an increased temperature (depending on the occasion of various thermal fluctuations, the temperature exceeds 35 ° C, short-time 40 ° C); e) the feasibility of a one-hour dotik of a person to metal constructions, technological devices, mechanisms, etc. from one side, which can be taken from the ground, and to metal buildings of electric power - from the other side. 2. Particularly unsafe mind the injury of people with an electric jet: a) the presence of water (plank, snow, often worn and covered with water, walls, objects, which are located in the middle of the room); b) the presence of a chemically active medium (aggressive vapors, gasses, solitudes are constantly or trivially eliminated, are settled in the deposit or color, which is ruinous for the isolation and strum-conducting parts of the electric power); c) the presence of two or more minds of raised anxiety at once. 3. Wash people with an electric strum without any advancement: the minds that create an advancement, or especially an insecurity.
ADDITION 5
Obov'yazkove
DESCRIPTION OF THE EARLY ZONE
The protective zone of the vzdovzh po vіtryanyh linіy elektroperedzhі є є dіlyanka zemlі і expanse, laid between the vertical planes, scho to pass through the parallel straight lines, in the distance from the extreme wires (if they are not laid) on the vіdstanі, m: for the elastic line:
| up to 1 kV | 2 |
| vіd 1 to 20 kV inclusive | 10 |
| 35 kV | 15 |
| 110 kV | 20 |
| 25 | |
| 30 | |
| 750 kV | 40 |
| 800 kV (permanent strum) |
30 |
8.2. Basics of electrical safety and see zahistu
Vimogi electrical safety GOST 12.1.002-84 is installed for the injection of electrical fields of industrial frequency, GOST 12.1.006-84 is established for the injection of electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies.
Before zabіv zakhistu vіd dotik to the strumoved parts of electrical installations, one can see: insulation, fencing, blocking, reduced voltage, electrical protection, signaling and crying.
Nadiya isolation darts in the ground and buildings of electrical installations create a safe wash for service personnel. The main characteristic of insulation - opir.
Pid hour of work of electrical installations electrical insulation succumb to the heat, mechanical losses, the influx of climatic minds and the nasty virobnic medium.
The isolation mill is characterized by the support of the struma coil. Zgidno s PUE opir _izoljatsії in electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1000 V, but not less than 0.5 MΩ.
Opir іzolyatsії it is necessary to control regularly. For periodic control of insulation, a megohmmeter is installed, for continuous control - special accessories for insulation control (PKI).
To ensure the inaccessibility of the stream-conducting parts of the possession and electric fences, zastosovuyt sucile and electrical parts of the fence. Sutsilnі construction fencing
(casings, caps, shaffi, closed panels thinly), as well as parts of the structure to be stuck in electrical installations there with a voltage of up to 1000 V, and even more. In the rest of the faults, allowable distances from the strum parts to the fences are reached, which are normalized by the PUE.
Blocking stop in electrical installations with a voltage of over 250 V, in which robots often vibrate on strum-like parts, which are protected. For additional blocking, the voltage is automatically increased (life is reduced) from the stream-conducting parts of electrical installations at the dock to a new one, without a forward connection of life. Following the principle of blocking, they are subdivided into mechanical, electrical and electromagnetic.
To protect against damage by an electric strum for an hour of work in the premises with a special problem, stop reduced voltage life of electrical installations: 42, 36 and 12 V.
When servicing and repairing electrical installations and electrical installations electrostatic protection, to these lie: insulating rods, insulating and electric pliers, slusar-mounting tool with insulating handles, dielectric mittens, dielectric boots, galoshes, kilimki, voltage indicators.
Before electrical protection for work in electrical installations, there are also shields (screens), insulating pads (at pressure up to 15 kV) and gum covers. Before the electric power supplies and attachments for work on high: outside fitter's belts, fitter's claws with belts, ropes, telescopic ropes, climb-drabins and attachable climbs.
Before operation, the fitter's belts and pazuras are allowed, which have been tested and may have been confirmed. The belts are tested with a 225 kg harness, and the pazuru - with a 135 kg harness with a pull of 5 min.
Mustaches, go-drabins, and side-by-sides, go down guilty to the appearance, mothers, and plates from the designation of the object, for which the stink is attached.
Zahisne grounding it is recognized for the use of an unsafe injury by an electric jet near the body of those other non-current-carrying parts of electrical installations, which leaned under the pressure of the current on the body of those other reasons (Fig. 21). With all metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical installations 1 are grounded from the ground behind auxiliary conductors 2 and grounding 3.
grounding machine - tse conductor, or the collection of metal-to-metal conductors, yakі perebuvayut zіtknennі from the earth or її equivalent. Grounding devices are used as a piece of equipment, including the method of grounding, and natural - that the earth has metal objects of another recognition.
Rice. 21
For grounding, possessing us in front of vicorist natural grounding: cast-concrete foundations, as well as roztashovani metal structures in the ground budіvel that sporud.
Zahisne grounding zastosovuyut at the bars with a voltage of up to 1000 V insulated neutral that in strings of tension over 19,000 V, both from insulated, and from a grounded neutral.
For the help of zahisnogo grounding, the voltage on the body under the earth changes to a safe value, and the power of the struma also changes, which flows through the body of a person. The diagram of the grounding circuit shows that the voltage applied to the body of a person near the plant can be reduced, changing the support of the grounding outbuilding. Zgidno z PUE opir grounding in electrical installations up to 1000 V is not guilty of overshooting 4 ohms.
Zahisniy zanulennya, so the very same way and grounding is recognized for the use of the problem of damage by an electric jet when it strikes the body of electrical installations. Zahisne zeroing reworks the probes on the body at a short circuit between the phase and zero wires, and spraying a great power stream through the attachment to the fence, and in the end bag - a quick connection of the poshkodzhennya possession in the mesh. From the induced circuit (Fig. 22) it can be seen that when the phase flickers to the case, it will appear shortly with the zero wire, which causes a stream to flow through the fuse (fusible guard or automatic) short hum, which can cause the burnout of the guard or the failure of the machine. Sob zahist shvidko spratsovuvav, strum short zamikannya can be done great.
The rules require that the strum of a short flicker be y 3 times greater par strumu fusible insert of the protector or rozchіpluvach automatic switch-on. Tsya vymoga vykonuєtsya, like zero wire the conductivity must be not less than 50% of the conductivity of the phase wire. In the yakost zero darts it is possible to vicorate steel smuga, metal sheathing of cables, metal structures budivel, sub-crane quantities and others.
Rice. 22. Scheme
Shut-off systems- all special electrical attachments, designated for switching on electrical installations in case of breakdown on the hull. Shards are the main reason for the interference of the jet-conducting parts of the possession and damage to the insulation on the body, then the systems of the shut-off connection will have a permanent control over the support of the insulation, or by the streams of the coil between the jet-conducting and non-strewing parts of the structure.
At the reach of an unsafe level, the possession of the object is vimicated until the moment when it strikes the hull and there is a real unsafe attack by an electric jet.
In this rank, the systems of zakhisnogo vіdklyuchennya provide the greatest safety in the dotik to the buildings of electrical installations. However, being finished with folding electrical outbuildings with singing superb spratsovuvannya, the stench is most likely to stagnate at the common zahisim grounded we’ll zahishim zanulennyam.
At the fences from the grounded and insulated neutral, it is possible to install a lock-and-switch extension of the OUP-25 type. The stench of the strum is protected up to 25 A at a voltage of 380 V; the setting of the delay is 10 mA, the hour of switching on is 0.05 s, the mass is 4.5 kg. When working with power tools single-phase strumu 0.6 kW heating power at a voltage of 220 V
To re-verify the presence of the voltage in the measure or electrical installations, special indicators and voltage signaling devices should be installed, which work on the principle of overshooting the active struma.
To re-verify the voltage in electrical installations with a voltage of up to 500 V, special voltage indicators TI-2, MIN-1, UIN-10, ІN-92 and in.
In electrical installations with a voltage greater than 1000, the voltage indicators should be installed, which are used by the conductor in the form of a strum. The principle of the indicator (indicator) is grounded on the light of a neon light bulb when a struma is passed through it. To vimiryuvannya the strength of the electric strum at the conductor with a voltage of up to 10 kV, stop the strumovimіryuvalnі pliers.
Isolation, voltage indicators and strumovimіryuvalnye pristroї zastosovuyte only on vіdpovіdnu napruzheniya, sravnі that for the obviousness of the brand with the date of their testing.
Before the electric power supply, there may be a change cry, vyvishyuyutsya bіlya unsafe mіsts (Fig. 23).
For their recognition, posters are divided into chotiri groupi (GOST 12.4.026-2001):
harrowing;
Forward chewing. Tsі weeping sounded vivishuyut bіlya mіsts uvіmknennya strumu pіd hour of repair robіt on the line;
Assignment - for the application of the working staff to the working areas;
Guessing - for guessing about living, come in.
Rice. 23. Lateral crying: a, c, e - guard; b, d - fence; e - razdіlna zdatnіst; w - guess what
8.3. Classification of the location of organizations at the stage of electrical safety
The premises of organizations are divided into three classes of insecurity: without promoted insecurity, promoted insecurity, especially unsafe.
Admittance without increased anxiety- these are dry, sawless applications with normal temperature again and with insulating (for example, wooden) underlays, so that in some days you should be wise, powerful in applications with advanced insecurity and especially unsafe.
Application of promoted insecurity(Skhodovі kіtiny rіznyh budіvel z provіdnymi pіdlіvі, warehousing nepalyuvanі vіshchennya) are characterized by the presence of one of the next five minds, which create an advance of insecurity:
1) water content, if the water content is visible again and again 70%; such applications are called sirimi;
2) high temperature, if the temperature continues to rise (over the top) exceeds + 30 °C; such applications are called hot;
3) a streak-guided saw, if behind the minds of virobnitstva in the premises one sees a streum-provided technological
drank (for example, coal, metal, thinly) at such a large number that they settled on darts, penetrated into the middle of cars, aparativs thinly; such applications are called kurnimih jet saw;
4) streum-conducting pidlog-metal, earthen, concrete-bearing, thin-walled;
5) the feasibility of a one-hour dotik of a person to metal structures, technologic devices, mechanisms, which can be built from the ground, from one side, and to metal buildings of electric power - from the other side.
Especially unsafe accommodation are characterized by the presence of one of the advancing three minds that create a special problem:
1) especially moisture, if the water content is visible again close to 100% (stіni, subtext and objects that are in the application, in the water); such applications are called especially sirimi;
2) a chemically active or organic medium, to be used, in some time or for a long time, there are aggressive wagers, gases, relatives, which establish the deposit, or color, which is ruined by the isolation and the part of the strum-operating electricity; such applications are called applications from chemically active or organic medium;
3) the one-hour presence of two and more minds, their powerful occupants from the promoted insecurity.
In virobnicheskih applications, voltages up to 1000 are allowed, so that the electric power can be protected. If the voltage is higher than 1000 V, it is allowed, if it is possible, close the viconant, or special fences, to remove any necessary tools, otherwise, when the fence is closed, the voltage from the strum-conducting parts is automatically reduced.
Zalezhno vіd prichennya pristroyu that the nature of the navkolishny middle of the next zastosovuvat naprugi zgіdno z table. 6.
Table 6
Irregularity of the voltage in the form of an attachment and the nature of the necessary medium
Voltage, V | Galuz zastosuvannya |
For hand lamps, electrified hand tools - in especially unsafe areas |
|
For the same purpose - for accommodations with increased insecurity, as well as for stationary lamps, lower than 2.5 m above the ground - for accommodations with especially unsafe conditions and those with increased insecurity |
|
For zvaryuvalnyh robots |
|
For stationary lighting installations |
|
For electric drive and other technical purposes |
8.4. Ensuring electrical safety of workers in organizations
Prior to the work, the next step is to admit errors, as they passed the briefing and training safe methods practice, re-verification of knowledge of the rules of safety and instructions to the borrowed planting of a hundred and fully consummated robots with the assignment of a high qualification group from the safety technique and not to the medical contra-indications established by the Federal Service of Health at a glance in the field of health
With the method of safety, security works at working electrical installations, you should visit:
Appointment of osіb, vidpovіdalnyh for the organization and security vikonannya robit;
Making out along with the chi rozorderzhennya robnitstva robit;
Zdiysnennya admission to the performance of the work;
Organizing a look at the work carried out;
Registration of completion of work, interruption at work, transfer to other work places;
Establishment of rational regimes in practice and recovery.
To ensure the safety of work in electrical installations, follow the following steps:
Vimknennya of the installation (part of the installation)
Grounding including jet-conducting parts (laying on portable grounding devices, including grounding knives);
Fencing of the working area in the form of an electric strum, which can be bumped into during the process of robots or approached by an impermissible distance, and others.
8.5. Technical and individual protection against electric shock
With the help of the method of ensuring the protection of the vіd vypadkovy dotik to the strumovіdnyh parts of the stasis, these are the ways that you can:
zahisnі casings;
zahisnі fencing (timchasov or stationary);
Safe rotting of streak-guided parts;
Isolation of strumous parts (robocha, dodatkova, posilena, podviyna);
isolation of the working area;
Minimum voltage;
Zahisne inclusion;
Perederzhuvalna signalization, blocking, safety signs.
To ensure protection against damage by an electric strum when dotik to metal non-current-carrying parts, as they can be supported by an elastic insufficiency of insulation, the following methods can be used:
Zakhisne grounding;
Zeroing;
Virivnyuvannya potential;
The system of cold darts;
Zahisne inclusion;
Isolation of non-essential elements;
Electric rozpodіl merezhі;
Minimum voltage;
Insulation control;
Compensation of strums zamikannya on the sinful earth;
Zasobi іndivіdualnogo zakhist.
Technіchnі ways ta zasobi zastosovuyut okremo or u dnanny one by one so that the optimal zakhist is safe.
Before individual zabіv vіdnosіv vіdnosya: zahisny suit-jacket and pants, overalls; screen head cover - metal or plastic helmet for warm weather and ear-flap cap with lining made of metalized fabric for cold weather; especially vzuttya, scho may be electrically conductive gum sole or vikonan in the same way with electrically conductive gumi.
In the yakost individual benefits zahistu can be zastosovuvatisya antistatic vzuttya, antistatic robe, bracelets, which are grounded, for zahistu hands and others, so that electrostatically grounding the body of a person is safe.
8.6. First help in case of an injured person with an electric jet
When dotik, people with strum-leading parts need to negainally sing yoga in di ї strum, quickly turning on that part of the installation, to the point of suffering.
The one who hopes to help is guilty of living the necessary foreign entrances: put on dielectric mittens, galoshes, or burn your hands with dry cloth and put a dry robe on your feet, or a dry coat.
As soon as a juice appears nearby, you can, having poked a dot under the dart, cut it down. Rubati requires leather wire okremo. Sokirka is guilty of being absolutely dry. You can also have a bite to eat the leather with wire cutters or pasatizhami from insulated handles.
In case of injured strum parts or darts, it is not possible to hit your body with unprotected hands.
In view of the sound of a person in the presence of an electric strum, it is necessary to determine the nature of the first aid and the call of the doctor. As a patient, perebuvaya at the witness, put it in a handy position, loosen the clothes, which you squeeze down, secure access to a fresh air and obov'yazkovo swear. Before the arrival of the doctor, it is necessary to watch for the breath and the pulse.
If a person is resting at an unfamiliar camp, then they save their breath and pulse, the victim should be given a sniff of ammonia and sprinkled with water.
If the sufferers do not breathe, but they breathe even more rarely and sudominally, next negligently start robiting piecework. For which victim, lay on his back. Who helps with one hand to put a foot on the victim, and the other helps to throw his head back more. With such a position of the head, the permeability wild ways- fuse language to go through the back wall of the larynx.
Slid to reconsider, there are no third-party objects in the mouth, and for the help of a nasal whistle, make the mouth look like mucus; under the shoulder blades, you need to put a roller on the folded robe. Zrobivshi deep inhalation, needing through gauze or just blow a sharp breath into the mouth of the victim. We see it in a fleeting way. Blowing again blows through the skin for 5-6 s.
Even though the crevices of the victim are tightly squeezed and they cannot be squeezed open, it is necessary to vibrate the piece of breath using the "mouth-to-nose" method, to inhale again into the victim's nose. If you blow it into the mouth again, they squeeze the injured person with their hand, and as if blowing it vibrates into the nose, they squeeze the mouth. For small children, once again blow it into the mouth and nis.
For piece-by-piece cooking, the hand-held portable devices RPA-1 and RPA-2 are used for the "mouth-to-mouth" method. These devices are rhythmically blowing in the leg of the injured atmospheric wind on one of the tasks: 0.25; 0.5; one; 1.5l.
It is recommended to perform the same kind of massage of the heart. For the chest of the victim, they put it into a robe, lay it with his back on a solid foundation. The victim's legs were lifted by approximately 0.5 m.
One person can help me to help, to give the victim 2-3 deep blows, after which, for 15-20 seconds, massage the heart, then we’ll do a new piece of breathing, a new massage, etc.
About the renewal of the heart's activity, note the appearance of the pulse, which is saved, for a few seconds, take a massage.
With the correct implementation of piecework and massage of the heart of the victim, the following signs of recovery appear: the color of the face becomes brighter - it fills the erysipelas with a gray-earthy color with a bluish color, which is to help; self-sufficient spirits are established, as if the grandfathers become more equal.
Viru (1947), Tetyanu (1949), ... bury ... Zubkov organizations ... methodical help, collections of scientific prats, initially methodical... Oleksandra Pavlivna (... rozrobila ...
Materials and research from the Ryazan regional studies Volume 14 Ryazan 2007
DocumentViru (1947), Tetyanu (1949), ... bury ... Zubkov O.M.). In 1992 A.P. Dmitriyev viyshov with the initiative about organizations ... methodical work, prepare to see the first help, collections of scientific prats, initially methodical... Oleksandra Pavlivna (... rozrobila ...
