Topic: Technical operation and maintenance of electrical and electromechanical equipment. At the time of recognition by the liquidation commission, all functions of managing the rights of the Partnership shall be transferred to it. Liquidation commission for voluntary liquidation
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Technical operation and maintenance of electrical and electromechanical equipment
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Практика з профілю спеціальності є етапом професійної підготовки студентів щодо виконання державних вимог до мінімуму змісту та рівня підготовки випускників за спеціальністю «Технічна експлуатація та обслуговування електричного та електромеханічного обладнання» та спрямована на закріплення, розширення, поглиблення та систематизацію знань, отриманих при вивченні спеціальних дисциплін та mastered one or a few of the listed below disputed ones: electrician for the repair of electric metering, electric lusar for the repair of the owner of the power plant, electrician for the technical maintenance of the power plant and the electrician for the repair of the maintenance of the electric power plant
The main tasks of practice for the specialty 140613 є:
Development of a professional mind
Nabuttya kill that navichok z technical operation maintenance and repair of electrical and electromechanical equipment
Vіdpratsyuvannya vymіn vykonanny roblot z tekhnіchnі ї ekspluatatsії, obladovuvannya i repair elektricheskogo i elektromekhanіchnogo obladnannya.
I. Zagalna part
1 History of undertaking
"Gazprom transgaz Yugorsk", Yugorsk repair and maintenance department for repair, commissioning and installation of electrical and heat power equipment - a branch of the partnership with a fringe water supply.
Yugorsk Repair and Tax Administration is one of the most important, stable branches of the Partnership "Gazprom transgaz Yugorsk". Order No. 101 dated February 16, 1995, was established by the order for the transportation and supply of Tyumentransgaz gas at the warehouse: that heat and power engineering possession". The basis for the creation of the management was the firm "Yugorskelektrogaz" of the subsidiary joint-stock company "Elektrogaz" from the bush repair base near the metro station Yugorsk. At the time of the creation of the Yugorsky repair and tax administration, the number of practitioners was 79 osib, Urbakh Volodymyr Karlovich was recognized as the head of the administration, and from the fall of the leaves of 1995 to the year of 2008, Verzilov Viktor Andriyovich became a manager.
At the end of 1995, the drilling crews of the pivnіnі expedition expedition of the hydrogeological NTP "Tyumengaztekhnologiya" arrived at the warehouse of the Yugorsk Repair and Tax Administration.
In early 1996, a plant was created for the complex improvement of the boiler house and gas-burning complexes.
In the spring of 1997, the warehouse of the Yugorsky repair and tax management department took over the shop for underground repair of the Sverdlovin, the Nadimsky department for the production of gas, the Tyumentransgaz subsidiary.
On the cob of fierce 1998, the warehouse of the Yugorsky repair and taxation department took over the drilling of water sverdlovins and anode grounding facilities of the EHZ, the Nadimsky specialized repair and service department, Tyumentransgaz.
In early 1998, by order of the management, a geological service was created.
In early 1999, a repair and refurbishment plant was built near Biloyarsky.
In the fierce year of 2003, a workshop for the repair of ventilation systems and air conditioning of the Krasnotur'insky PTU "Tyumentransgazremont" was brought to the warehouse of the Yugorsk repair and tax department.
At the link with the reorganization and change of the company name of the Tyumentransgaz enterprise of the VAT Gazprom, for the time being, the Yugorsk repair and maintenance department of the Partnership for the Intermediate Water Distribution Gazprom Transgaz Yugorsk, especially Olegovich Boris 2.08.
За ці роки управління перетворилося на багатопрофільне підприємство, охопило всі регіони діяльності ТОВ «Газпром трансгаз Югорськ» та успішно справляється з поставленими завданнями завдяки наявності згуртованого висококваліфікованого персоналу, який має великий потенціал розвитку, спрямований на освоєння нових видів діяльності з метою забезпечення безперебійної, надійної. that safe robotic possession of gas transportation.
Since 2010, the restructuring of the Yugorsky RNU took place, as a result, the branch of the DOAT "Electrogaz" was established, before which the following businesses were transferred:
Geological Service,
Dіlyanka z repair that drilling Sverdlovin near the warehouse.
From the repair work, that improvement of the electrical and technical equipment was transferred to Elektrogaz.
The group of taxation of the employees of the EHZ and the electrical equipment,
Two brigades from the repair of power transmission lines,
Group for the repair of transformers, equipment and electric motors.
So were the creations of the dilyanka:
USAT - service provider for administrative services,
Ultrasound - dilyanka zakhistu lane.
1.2 Business mode
Rules of internal labor order
Yugorsk Repair and maintenance department is working until the upcoming schedule:
P'yatidenna working day
Mon - Thu: 8.30 - 18.00
Fri: 8.30 – 16.45
Sat - Sun: Weekend
Practitioner of goiter to follow the rules of internal order:
summarily win labor shoes;
to improve the discipline of practice;
dbaily put to the lane of acceptance;
dotrimuvatsya vstanovlenyh on pіdpriєmstvi rules vnutrishny order;
dorimuvatsya norms, rules and instructions for the protection of practice;
improve the level of qualification, sufficient for the vykonannya of their shoes for fah;
wink all working hour for vykonannya service obov'yazkіv;
at the same time, she accurately picks up the orders of her ker_vniki;
increase the productivity of work;
dotrimuvatisya technological discipline, able to protect the work, technology, safety and virobnichoy sanitation;
pass on to the practitioners that change work space, possession, extension at the reference station;
correctly zastosovuvat collective that individual needs zakhistu;
dotrimuvatisya vstanovlenyh vmog shdo vodzhennya s machines and mechanisms;
carelessly remind your to an uninterrupted clerk about some kind of unfortunate mood, about becoming on the verge, about the signs of a professional illness, and also about the situation, as if creating a threat to the life and health of people.
At the working hour, they are hindered by outsiders on the right, smoking at the service premises, shouting at the news, ringing the phone, drinking alcohol. Smoking is allowed only at specially designated places, and at specially designated places marked with a poster "Smoking place".
Vymogi shdo vykonannya regimen in practice and vіdpochinku
At Yugorsky RNU, it is more important to have a five-day working day from two days off.
The normal life of a working day cannot be overwhelmed by 40 years for a day.
An hour on the cob and the end of the work, interrupted for a break, and the orders are installed by the administration for the weather from the trade union committee.
When changing the original minds of the worker (the work mode, about the installation or skasuvannya nepovannyh working hours, the confusion of professions and others), the worker is guilty of but podomleny not later, lower for 2 months.
Getting a practitioner to work at weekends and holy days is only allowed at the winery days, passed by legislation, with the permission of a competent professional body. ( Labor Code RF - article 113).
The emergency admission is supposed to be open to practitioners until the schedule of admission, hardened at the chest in front of the fate. Rescheduling on an empty basis is allowed only on the application of the practitioner only with the permission of the administration.
All practitioners are entitled to free permits from the savings of work (plant) and the average salary (Labor Code of the Russian Federation - Article 114).
The worker hopes to have a basic paid admission permit for 28 calendar days, and a secondary paid allowance for a limited work permit for 7 calendar days.
Pratsіvnikam for їх application nadayutkova dodatkova vіpadka vіpadki:
practitioners, we will work on robots from shkіdlivimi minds of work;
workers from irregular working hours;
practitioners, yakі pratsyut near the regions of the Kraynoi Pvnochі and the relatives of the masses to them;
in other ways, transferred by legislation and a collective agreement.
Admissions, transfers at the established order due to the timing of non-sales, or at the link with vagity and canopies, are not included in the account of the wide admissions.
The admission for the first day of work is hoped for by workers after the completion of six months of uninterrupted work on this business.
3 Virobnicha business structure
The primary vene of the organized vibrantsa is the Roboche Misza - part of the Vobroschi Vobroschi, de Robizhnik submarine Robizyvyvyvy Vikonov Vikon, the product of the product of the service, vicorista at the Tsomo Vidpovydn, this technology of the Office.
Jobs are classified according to different signs.
Working place, recognized until the end of the operation, we will forgive. It can be single-aggregate and multi-aggregate (bagato-stand). In the case of multiple collapsible functions in hardware processes (blast furnace, converter, etc.), the working areas are combined into a complex and simple separation of functions.
Fallow in the step of the territorial reinforcement, one can see the working places of the stationery and transport.
Depending on the diversity of manhood, the working jobs are subdivided into universal and specialization.
A group of working places, tied together for the virobnic part of the forging process, or for concluding the same operations, unite at the foreman's quarters. Virobnichі dіlyanki can unite in workshops or for a non-workshop structure at a manufacturing unit.
Yugorsk RNU consists of advancing plots:
AUP - Administrative and management personnel
UEO - electric power dealer -
The company is engaged in a number of types of activities:
repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
installation of electrical and lighting railings
service and repair
The dealership is engaged in the selection of applications that need to be in the form of a dispatcher of the DMU, the regulatory maintenance of the electric power and the security forces.
The manager of the business is the head of the business, and the intercessor of the competent power engineer at their order is to change two techniques to make the work work regulatory documents, with the help of control over the documentation of the deli. And also, they have electricians in their order, so that they can do all kinds of work and work, as they put a control device and a dispatch service on the lot.
USAT - Dilyanka Utrimannya administrative objects
The business is engaged in the maintenance of administrative facilities. See the activities: Keeping order in the middle of the territory of the objects.
URNVіK - Dіlyanka Repair and Improvement Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Dealer, which is engaged in repair, installation, adjustment of ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration equipment.
ROZUM - Dilyanka mekhanizatsiy
I will help other dealers of automotive equipment.
TTU - Teplo - Tekhnіchna dilyanka
The businessman is responsible for servicing the boiler house and sewerage facility, assigned to the Yugorsky RNU, to carry out repairs, installation, and improvement of this facility.
Ultrasound - Dilyanka Zahistu Maina
Dіlyanka, which vouches for the conservation of objects and the lane, which is located on the territory of the Yugorsky RNU
TsKPRS - Sverdlovin overhaul workshop
Workshop for the maintenance of water Sverdlovin, branches of the State Customs Union
REU - Repair and Maintenance Department
Dіlyanka to carry out repairs and maintenance of the facilities of the Yugorsky RNU.
1.4 Organization of the work of victories in the period in-line operation
Seemingly small work, yakі vykonuyutsya protyazh robochoї zmіni and allowed to vyrobnitstvu in the order of in-line operation, owe utrimuvatisya in zadalegіd razdalegіd and signed by the head power engineer of the EBU.
Perelik robot:
repair of other electrical appliances (electric motors, electric heaters toshcho)
repair of fixed magnetic stations and control units, monitoring of the switchgear electrical machines
znyatya and installation of electric chillers, other accessories and equipment
replacement of zapobіzhnikіv, repair of lighting electrical wiring and fittings, replacement of lamps and cleaning of lamps, hanging at a height of not more than 2.5 m
other robots that are stationed on the territory of the organization, at the service and living quarters, warehouses, storage facilities, too.
Guidance perelіk robit not є vycherpnym and may be additions to the decisions of the kerіvnik of the organization. The translation can be assigned, as robots can be vikonuvatsya unilaterally.
Organization of work on the operation of electrical installations
Zagalni vimogi
Electrical wiring - a set of wires and cables with fastenings, installation and fixing parts, which lie before them, laying on the surface or in the middle of the structural elements of the building and spores.
An electrical installation is a complex of mutual possession of that spores, appointments for the generation or transformation, transmission, distribution and distribution of electrical energy.
Electrical installation - a collection of electrical outbuildings, connected by flashing signs. Signs of ob'ednannya, zalezhno vіd zavdan, maybe buti: recognized, for example, technological; wash zastosuvannya, for example, near the tropics; dependency of an object, for example, a verifier, a workshop.
Exploitation - a stage of the life cycle of the virobu, de realizuetsya, pіdtremuєtsya chi vіdnovlyuєtsya yogo yakіst.
Electrical protection - zasib protection, appointments for electrical safety.
Roboti, Vico Viconing in the order of the Pravalutski - Low -Great for the scouring (no more than one snakes) repairing the technical maintenance of the technical service, Vico in the elective -installations of an organized, operational personnel in the consolidated reinfected reinforced
The rules may be on the basis of safety, security and rational operation of electrical installations and the improvement of them at the right station.
Правила поширюються на організації, незалежно від форм власності та організаційно-правових форм, індивідуальних підприємців та громадян - власників електроустановок напругою понад 1000 В. Правила не поширюються на електроустановки електричних станцій, блок-станцій, підприємств електричних та теплових мереж, що експлуатуються відповідно до Правил technical operation of electric stations
Investigation of that appearance of damage at robotic electrical installations is carried out in a regular manner until the restoration of power.
Investigation of unfortunate events related to the operation of electrical installations and installations at facilities under the control of the state energy watchdog should be carried out in accordance with proper legislation.
Operation of electrical installation, including butovy electric appliances, that apply obov'yazykovіy certification, is allowed only for the presence of the certificate of conformity on the purpose of the electric power and the use of the electric appliance.
Obov'yazki vikonannya rules.
The operation of electrical installations may require preparations electrical personnel.
The energy service is being created in the fall due to the complexity of work in the operation of electrical installations, as it is staffed with qualified electrical personnel.
It is allowed to carry out the operation of electrical installations under a contract from a specialized organization.
For the uninterrupted vikonannya functions of the organization of the operation of electrical installations, the businessman is guilty of recognizing the supreme responsibility for the electric state, as well as the person who replaces him.
For the presence for the undertaking, plant the head power engineer of the obov'yazka of the power supply of the given undertaking, call, rely on it.
For damage to robotic electrical installations, carry a personal certificate:
Pratsivniki, yakі without intermediary service of electrical installations, - for the damage that was caused by their own fault, as well as for the incorrect liquidation of damage by them at the robotic electrical installations on the dealership, which are serviced.
Pratsіvniki, yakі to carry out repairs of possession, - for damage to the robot, caused by a low repair rate
Engineers and specialists of the energy service - for damage to the robots of electrical installations, which was due to their fault, as well as through unsatisfactory and unsatisfactory technical service that nevikonannya anti-emergency entrances
Quarters and fahivtsі of technological services - for disruption in the operation of the electrotechnological possession.
Vidpovіdalnіst pratsivnіvnіv for damage to the robotic electrical installations may be specified in the planter's instructions.
The leather practitioner, having revealed the damage, as well as commemorating the malfunction of the electrical installation or having contributed to the defense, is guilty of negligently repairing his uninterrupted stone worker, and for this reason - the standing stone worker.
Commissioning of electrical installations
New or reconstructed electrical installations and start-up complexes are due to be taken into operation in accordance with the procedure laid down in regulatory documents
Prior to installation or reconstruction of electrical installations, it is necessary:
Otrimati technical mind in the energy supply organization
Wait for the project documentation with the energy supply organization, which the technical mind has seen, that body of the sovereign energy visually
Before the commissioning of electrical installations, the following must be carried out:
In the period of everyday life and installation of an energy facility - intermediate priymannya vozlіv poslavnannya sporud
Priyomozdavalnі testing obladnannya and start-up and testing testing of okremi systems of electrical installations
Comprehensive testing of possession
Before the initial and start-up trials, and complex trials, the possession of power may be reconsidered, the rules of the power installations, the rules of the state, the rules of the government, the rules of safety of work, the rules of vibuhota of fire safety.
To carry out start-up work and testing of electrical control, it is allowed to turn on electrical installations according to the design scheme on the basis of a time permit, seen by the authorities of the power authority
With a comprehensive testing of the possession, it is possible to carry out a trial of the possession of technological schemes, the safety of their operation; re-verification and adjustment of all control and management systems, installation of protection and blocking, installation of signalization and control and control devices were carried out.
Defects and shortcomings, admitted in the course of everyday life and installation, as well as defects in possession, revealed in the process of initial and commissioning tests, integrated testing of electrical installations, due to the commissioning. The commissioning of electrical installations with defects and shortcomings is not allowed.
Before vyprobvannyam ta priymannyami buti prepare mind for nadiya ta safe operation energy facility:
Staffing, training (with reverification of knowledge) electrical and electrical technology personnel
Broken down and approved operational instructions, instructions for the protection of work and operational schemes, technical documentation for the appearance of that zvіtnosti
Preparation and testing of supplies, tools, spare parts and materials
Introduced into the function of communication, signaling and fire extinguishing, emergency lighting and ventilation
The supply of voltage to electrical installations is only possible if I allow it to be approved by the authorities of the state energy watchdog.
Wimogi to the staff and yoga training
The operation of electrical installations is responsible for the preparation of electrical personnel
The electrical engineering staff of the enterprises is subdivided into:
Administrative and technical (organization of operational switching, repair, installation and maintenance work in electrical installations and takes an uninterrupted fate in these robots; this staff has the rights of operational, repair and operational repair)
Operative prompt service electrical installations)
Repair (which vikonuє all kinds of work for the repair, reconstruction and installation of electricity)
operational and repair
Обслуговування електротехнологічних установок (електрозварювання, електроліз, електротермія тощо), а також складного енергонасиченого виробничо-технологічного обладнання, при роботі якого потрібне постійне технічне обслуговування та регулювання електроапаратури, електроприводів, ручних електричних машин, переносних та пересувних електроприймачів, переносного електроінструменту, має здійснювати електротехнологічний персонал .
Vіn is guilty of mother sufficient knowledge and knowledge for careless vikonannya the work of that technical service of the installation attached to it.
Caregivers are responsible for technical maintenance of staff and control over yoga work.
Maintenance, repair, modernization and reconstruction
Technical service - a complex of operations or operations for the improvement of efficiency, or the ability to cope with victories for recognition, honing, savings and transportation.
At the head of the technical service, you can also enter the security service, which will not require in-line repair of the renovation of the workmanship, or the maintenance of the fence, which is included, is one of the most important preventive visits. Properly organized technical service is a guarantee of a wireless operation.
The obsyag of technical maintenance and scheduled repairs is due to the need to improve the practicality of electrical installations, to periodically update them and bring them to the changing minds of work.
On all types of repairs of the main possession of electrical installations, there may be folded by the head power engineer, river plans (graphics), which are hardened by a technical engineer.
Technical maintenance and repair can be carried out after the results of technical diagnostics with the functioning of the technical diagnostics system - the completeness of the object of diagnostics, the process of diagnostics and vicons, preparing for diagnostics and establishing documentation in accordance with the rules
To such documentation lie: the Galusian standard (OST), the leading key document (WRD), the regulations, the standard of business (STP) and other documents.
AT this document folded up to the strict rules of the authorities of the state supervision and state standards, the whole procedure for carrying out technical diagnostics and making a technical diagnosis is described. The document is folded according to the types of electrical installations.
After the completion of the established normative and technical documentation, the term of service of all technological systems and electric power is subject to a technical review by the commission with an assessment method, I will establish lines of further work and minds of operation.
The results of the commission's work are shown in the act and technical passports of technological systems and electrical control with obov'yazkovym assigned a line of a distant look.
A technical review can also be carried out by specialized organizations.
Structural changes of electrical control and devices, as well as changes electric circuits when vikonannі remontіv zdіysuyuyutsya for tverdzhennuyu technical documentation.
The control, which should be introduced after the repair, is due to be tested in accordance with the norms of testing the electrical control.
Special testing of the operational control is carried out according to the schemes and programs approved by the head power engineer.
If defects are detected, which change the normal robotic state, the repair is considered to be unfinished until these defects are fixed and re-tested.
For one's own time, that yakіsny vikonannya zavdan maintenance personnel the mother is to blame for storage, masters and other additional applications, as well as attachments, for testing and vimiryuvan, incl. for carrying out early diagnosis of defects, for example, vibroacoustic accessories of thermal imagers, stationary and transfer laboratories, etc.
Methodical instructions on how to test the electric control
The Norms zastosovuyutsya so understand:
Viprobuvalna napruga promislovoї frequency - the value of the voltage, which snake struma 50 Hz, as it can be tested by the stretch of the given hour, the internal and external isolation of the electric power for the singing minds of the test.
Viprobuvalna vipryadlennaya napruga - amplitude value voltage, which is applied to the electrical setting by stretching a given hour for the singing minds of the test.
Electrical control with normal insulation - electrical control, designed for zastosuvannya in electrical installations, weak to di atmospheric overvoltage, with normal entries along the bliskavkozakhistu.
Electrical control with lightened insulation is electrical control, which is more suitable for stasis in electrical installations that are not weak to dim atmospheric overvoltages, or with special entries from a blisskavkozakhistu, which is to measure the amplitude of atmospheric overvoltages to a value that does not overvoltage the frequency.
Non-standardized vimiryuvana value - a value that is absolutely significant, as it is not regulated by the norms.
Indicated for okremih species electrically controlled periodicity of testing is recommended and can be changed by the decisions of a technical kerivnik.
The norms of testing the electric power of foreign companies are to blame for the improvement of the statements of the virobnik company.
The electrical installation after the repair is tested in obsyaz, which is determined by the norms. Prior to the beginning of the repair, testing and testing are carried out to establish an obligation on the nature of the repair, as well as for the completion of holidays, with which the results of post-repair testing and testing are determined.
Obsyag and periodicity of testing and simulating the electrical installation of electrical installations during the warranty period of the work are to be accepted in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturing plants.
Visnovok about the applicability of electrical control to operation is seen more than once on the basis of the results of testing and vimiryuvan іz norms, and for the succession of the results of the tests carried out, virіryuvan and looking around.
The values of the parameters, taken away during testing and testing, are due to the results of testing of the same type of electrically controlled or electrically controlled phases, as well as to the previous results of testing and testing, including the latter values.
If the elastic industrial frequency vibrates without a busbar in the form of electrical control, then the value of the test voltage is taken for the norms for electrical control with the lowest test voltage.
Testing and testing are carried out according to programs (methods), approved in the established order (recommended) documents, typical methodical instructions for testing that testing.
Programs for the transfer of responsibility come in for security carefree robot.
The results of testing, testing and testing may be formalized by protocols or acts, which are taken together from passports for electric power.
Before carrying out testing and testing of electrical control (behind the vinyatka of machines, which are being wrapped, which are in operation), the surface of the surface of the insulation is to be cleaned in the saw and wood, the crime is silent, if the control is not carried out in the possession of a method that is not in use.
При вимірі параметрів ізоляції електрообладнання повинні враховуватися випадкові і систематичні похибки, зумовлені похибками вимірювальних приладів і апаратів, додатковими ємностями та індуктивними зв'язками між елементами вимірювальної схеми, впливом температури, впливом зовнішніх електромагнітних і електростатичних полів на вимірювальний пристрій. When vimiryuvanni struma turn (struma conduction) at different times, you need to turn on the pulsation of the rectified voltage.
Electrical equipment, rejected at a glance, regardless of the results of testing and reconditioning, may be replaced or repaired.
Результати випробування підвищеною напругою вважається задовільним, якщо при додатку повної випробувальної напруги не спостерігалося ковзних розрядів, поштовхів струму витоку або плавного наростання струму витоку, пробоїв або перекриттів ізоляції, і якщо опір ізоляції, виміряний мегомметром, після випробування залишилося
Thermal imaging control will be carried out as far as possible for the electrical installation as a whole
Technical diagnostics of electrical installations
Head of technical diagnostics:
Designated by the mind of the technical state
Search for trouble spots
Forecasting the technical state
Wash technical diagnostics:
Set indications and diagnostic characteristics
Expand and improve diagnostic safety
Indicators and characteristics of technical diagnostics
The following diagnostic indicators are being restored:
Indicators of accuracy and reliability of diagnosis
Indicators of technical and economic
The following diagnostic characteristics are restored:
The nomenclature of the parameters of the electrical installation allows you to designate її technical camp (with the specified type of technical camp of the electrical installation).
Glybina search for a place where there are inaccuracies that are equal to the constructive complexity warehouse parts otherwise, by re-arranging the elements, to the exactest extent possible, the place of infirmity was determined (when asked, the place of infirmity was determined).
The nomenclature of parametrіv virobu, scho to give the ability to predict yogo technical state (with the predicted technical state).
The nomenclature of diagnostic parameters is due to the satisfaction of the vast majority, informativeness and accessibility at the lowest cost to the hour and cost of implementation.
1.5 Help protect the work
The pristry of electrical installations is guilty of complying with the rules for improving electrical installations, budding norms and rules, state standards, rules for the safety of work and other regulatory and technical documentation
Get a defense, a tool and an attachment that you need to take care of when servicing and repairing electrical installations chinnyh rules zastosuvannya that viprobuvannya zasobіv zakhistu.
At work places, there are first-aid kits and first-aid bags with a set of medicines. The stock of medicines with improved terms of applicability may be constantly renewed
When carrying out budіvelno-assembly, taxation and repair robots on the fluent electrical installations third party organizations owing to the rozroblenі splnі come in from the safety of pracі, virobnichoї sanitary, vibuhot zhozhnoї їzpeki, scho vzahmodіyu budіvelno-assembly and operational personnel.
Pozhezhna bezpeka electrical installations, budіvel that spores, in such stench of accommodation, may be in compliance with the lawful rules fire safety(PPB), as well as galuzev rules, scho vrakhovuyut features
Electrical installations may be equipped with the first fire extinguishing equipment
During the operation of electrical installations, it is necessary to install entrances for advance or exchange shkidlivy infusion on the in the middle fluctuations in the atmospheric flow of speeches and skids near water objects, a decrease in the sound pressure, vibration, electric and magnetic irrigations and other fluctuating physical inflows, such a rapid slowdown of water from natural vents
Storage and storage of toxic emissions on the territory is not allowed
The operation of electrical installations without attachments, in order to ensure the maintenance of the established sanitary norms and rules and environmental protection, or with faulty outbuildings, which cannot ensure the maintenance of these, is not allowed.
II. main part
Installation of lighting equipment. In the order of in-line operation, the dismantling of the old (or may be defective) lighting equipment is carried out. Before the beginning of the installation, it is necessary to organize technically come in from preparation to work, so that the necessary switching on and the life of entering, to change the supply of voltage to the place of work, after the pardon of the momentary switching on of the switching equipment. To the warehouse robot enter, dismantling - installation of wiring, vimics, lamps, rose boxes.
Installation of the ground loop. Grounding - the price of navmisne electrical installation, whether it is a point of a fence, electrical installations or a possession of a grounding outbuilding. Installation of grounding extensions consists of subsequent operations: installation of grounding conductors, laying of grounding conductors, installation of grounding conductors in one by one connection of grounding conductors to grounding conductors and electrical installation.
Vertical grounding pipes made of end steel and defective pipes are burried at the soil with hammering or indentation, from round steel - with twisting or indentation. Cі robots vykonuyut for additional mechanisms and attachments, for example: copra (driving into the ground), attaching to the drill (screwing into the ground of the shear electrodes), the PZD-12 mechanism (screwing into the ground of the ground electrodes).
Reading the testimony from the electricity supplier
Topping up transformer oil
Carried out revision of the sensors in the fire alarm
Establishing the causes of the failure of the frequency changer
Revision of batteries
Work with documentation, completion of regulatory documents
Virobnitstvo heating with a blowtorch of the rotor to remove the bearing
Replacement of cartridges at the lighting fixtures
Cleaning the contact groups of the power shield
Preparation of new illumination
Individual task:
Select data for term paper s THEO on the topic:
"Revision of transformers"
Headlines about transformers
Purpose of transformers
A static electromagnetic device is called a transformer, which transforms a changeable stream of one voltage, a changeable stream of another voltage and frequency. Transformers make it possible to significantly increase the voltage, vibrated by the coils of the strum, installed at electric stations, and to enable the transmission of electricity to distant places at high voltages (110, 220, 500, 750 and 1150 kV). Zavdyakov tsyomu greatly change the energy consumption of the wires and ensure the possibility of a significant change in the area of the cross section of the wires of the power transmission lines.
At the places where electricity is stored, the voltage is high, which is supplied from high-voltage power lines, and is again reduced by transformers to equally small values (127, 220, 380 and 660 V), with which electricity is installed at factories, factories, factories, living booths. On f.s. Transformers are to be installed to change the stream to change the voltage, which is supplied from the contact line to the traction motors and auxiliary lances.
Crimean transformers, which are used in transmission systems and distribution of electricity, the industry produces transformers: traction (for power supply), for rectifier installations, laboratory voltage regulation, for living radio equipment and other. Usі qі transformers are called power.
Transformers vikoristuyut also for the inclusion of electrical equipment at the lancer high voltage(they are called vimiruvalnymi), for electrical welding and other purposes.
Revision of transformers
power transformers For these transformers with a voltage of up to 35 kV, the revision of the active parts of the DSTU has not been transferred for consideration, and for the time being, it has been submitted to him that “Instructions for the transportation, saving, installation and commissioning of transformers for a voltage of up to 35 kV without revision of their active parts”. Expanders, which are transported, exhaust pipes, radiators are made at the manufacturing plant, tested, tested and sealed. Try and wash at the installation site only if there are signs of damage or damage to the sealing. In this way, before installation, the radiators are flushed with transformer oil and squeezed with oil in the pipes, which is finer in height from the lower point of the radiator attachment to the upper point of the oil degreaser plus 0.5 m. With the appearance of a leak, a defective place is brewed with autogen and repeated testing. After testing, the radiators are washed with transformer oil (temperature 40-50 ° C) through a centrifuge (separator) or filter-press until a smudge appears on the filter paper. Flanges of radiators are closed with plugs on gaskets. In case of reworking of the oil sump and expansion on the tekt, pour excess oil through the mud and wash the inner surface with dry and clean oil. Corks and oil can be easily rinsed in oil. The presence of control smugs is reverified, which is similar to olives at 35.15 and -35 ° C. The internal empty of the expansion chamber is cleaned in the form of oil and thoroughly washed with dry olives. For transformers of the remaining design, cleaning should be carried out through a removable cover. They check the correctness of the glass membrane, the exhaust pipe, the narrowing, the superiority of the brewing area. The squeezing disk of the membrane is squeezed in between two humic spacers with a thickness of 4-5 mm. The defective membrane is replaced with a new one, repaired with a fold of 2.5-4 mm. The inner surface of the pipe is cleaned with a saw and a saw. From the lower flange of the pipe, the old indentations are seen, the cork is re-examined for releasing, which is located under the upper flange of the pipe. After that, the tightness of the pipe is checked, filling it with transformer oil for 3 years. On the cob of revision, the following are taken into account: a) for transformers that are transported with oil, - on the cob of oil; b) for transformers. that are transported without oil, - open the covers or be it plugs. The audit is considered completed from the moment of sealing the tank before pouring the oil. Roztin be-like plugs (for the installation of a thermometer only) are not subject to insurance. Robots, yakі vykonuyutsya during the revision of the transformer. When revising the transformer, it is necessary to reconsider and use the revealed errors, viconate the work at the sequence assignment: reverify the reinforcement of the water supply, as if you could buti pdv'yazan in such a way that not to overwhelm the pidyoma of the active part or call; connect the grounding of the active part to the tank, so that it is possible to change the connection between the active part and the call; remove the cover and lift the active part or the rod; when loosening the rest of the tank cap, let the bolts evenly along the entire perimeter. Conduct a walk through to the openings, pointing at the overall seat of the transformer; install the active part (or call) on wooden pads; install temporal shelving, yakі secure careless work during the revision of the asset part; the removal of transport reinforcement of the waterways, keruyuchis vkazіvkam, pointing at the armchairs; re-tightening the available tie rods of the yokes, fastening of the inputs, jumpers and other elements of the active part; loosen the tightening nuts; re-tighten the pressure screws and jack-type bolts for axial winding pressing; tightening the screws and jacks vykonuvat evenly over the whole stake, after which tighten the locknuts; look at the insulation of the accessible parts of the windings, inputs, jumpers (their contact surfaces) and other elements; review the grounding scheme behind the chairs; vimirati opіr _izoljatsії: all tie rods of the yokes along with the active part and yoke beams; yoke beams with active steel; continuous ring of active steel and yoke beams; electrostatic screens (like the stench of the transformer structure) about the windings and the magnetic circuit; before the cob of the designation of vimiryuvan vіd'єdnati zazemlyuvalnі taverns in one s mіsts z'єdnannya; after vikonanny vimiryuvan put them on a lot of months; ) measure the ACJC value with the EB-3 or PKV-7 tool; the value of DS / C and the increase in the value of DS / C, vymiryanі, for example, on the cob revision (pointing to the same temperature. installation of an earthed transformer WISNOVOK The practice for the profile of specialty was passed by me at the Yugorsky RNU, at the UEO division. Zagalom zavdannya practice buli vykonanі. Before the cob of practice, before me were placed the goals, which I have little reach, and the task was appointed: Expansion of professional mind; Pridbannya reduce and learn from technical operation, maintenance and repair of electrical and electromechanical equipment; Vіdpratsyuvannya vymіn vykonannya routine work z technical exploitation, maintenance and repair of electrical and electromechanical equipment Vminnya pratsyuvati with normative documentation The head of the school was vikonan, krіm tsgogo, I also learned how to work with the new team, I proved myself good. At the process of practice, I was afraid and took a direct part in the assembly robots. So I remember that the theory, learned in lectures, is practically stubborn and is the basis for the theory of work. Pre-diploma practice - the final part of the practical practice; will be conducted on a regular basis until initial plan specialty 140613 "Technical operation and maintenance of electrical and electromechanical equipment".
Umovy installation without revision є: dotrimannya vymog schodo rozvantazhennya, transportation and saving of the transformer; the presence of external faults (because of the results of the review) and internal defects (due to the elimination of the transformer during the installation process). Decisions about the installation of the transformer without revision are accepted on the basis of documents, storage when releasing, transporting, saving and accepting the transformer for installation with the folded certificate of approval. If the DSTU is damaged, and the instructions, if any malfunctions are detected, they cannot be used without reopening the transformer, to revise the active part.
The revision is near the socket, looking at the transformer overturning, the identified faults and the sealing of the first active part after the completion of the revision. As soon as an hour of looking around the opened transformer, defects are revealed, which explains the method of carrying out the revision at home, the installation of the fallow in the design of the transformer and the nature of the defect.
Some metal parts (bolts, nuts, washers) were used up in the middle of the transformer, it is necessary to lift the active part and pour oil from the tank. Therefore, with robots tied around the socket of the transformer, it is necessary to carefully handle nuts, bolts, washers, cotter pins and other parts, and tie the hand tool so as not to let it into the transformer. Fallen into the tank, that non-combustible metal parts can lead to a transformer failure.
As a transformer insulation mill, it is necessary to dry, the revision should be carried out after the drying is completed. Transformers will be examined more rarely to give revisions, but if necessary, not electrical installers, but a specialized organization or electrician-exploiter, in accordance with the instructions.
After revisions (like it was vibrating) they clean the tank frame from the cracks and the surpluses of the old gorges. Poshkodzhenі gaskets are replaced with new ones from oil-resistant rubber or other types of seals. The gum pad behind the additional gum glue is installed on the surface wiped with gasoline. Place cork, klingerite and other gaskets on any varnish.
The inner surface and the bottom of the tank are cleaned from the ground and washed with dry transformer oil. Radiator taps look around, clean and close. When preparing the tank, smoothly lower the active part, safely reaching the horizontal position on the slings. If the windings are turbid, the active part is washed with dry oil and lowered into the tank. Residually install the tank cap on the sealing gaskets, evenly tightening the bolts around the perimeter of the cap. To re-arrange the opening in the tank, the lids and gaskets are cored with conical mandrels, which are inserted into the opening with the frames of the tank. After revision, fill the transformer tank through the lower edge with dry and clean transformer oil.
install the transformer horizontally and evenly;
check the tightness of the seal;
remove the plugs on the roofs and walls of the transformer tank; check the station of the indicator silica gel and take a sample of excess oil from the bottom of the tank (for transformers that are transported without oil);
remove paper-bakelite cylinders for the introduction of 110 kV, fixed on plugs; before installing the cylinders at the inputs, save them in oil or in a sealed package;
) remove the transport fastening of the active part to the tank, loosen the expansion screws, as if the stench is transferred to the transformer design;
remove the switch and switch the switches, and also turn on the switches, switch the switches to the contactors, so that the stench switches between the active part and the significant part of the tank, and the time of the revision switches the switches in the oly or in hermetic packaging;
Under the technical exploitation of the electric power, the process of yogo vikoristannya for recognition and sublimation at a technically competent station is understood. Reading the organization of this process, planning and management are based on the theory of exploitation, which is widely used in modern methods of modeling, selection of operations and other.
The technical operation of the electrical control includes the following: preparation, switching on and removal of the electrical control, detection of malfunctions and forecasting of the technical state; Preventive work; setting and regulation of the okremikh vuzlіv, zv'yazkіv and elektroobladnannya as a whole: safety of saving okremih blocks and elektroobladnannya in general; provision with a set of spare parts (ZIP); technical training service personnel; correct maintenance of technical documentation.
The effective organization of the system of technical operation of the electric power can be understood, even though during the design period it was secured the features of the motive, vicariousness of the operation of the electric power, the technical characteristics of the maintenance, the methods of control of the processing of the plant. An important part of the technical operation of electrical installation is technical maintenance. Poorly organized technical maintenance can lead to downtime of electric power or accidents due to incorrect service personnel.
To assess the efficiency of technical maintenance of electrical installation systems, the following indicators should be taken into account: the laboriousness of one-time technical maintenance or for the first period of operation; variability of technical service; nadіynіst elektroobladnannya, scho vyznaєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєєє by one or dekіlkom signs of podіynostі; the middle hour of downtime is spent in the process of technical maintenance; mozhlivist vykonannya tekhnіchnogo obslugovuvannya in tasks hour.
The service personnel are vigilant about the offensive work on the operation of the electric control: guarding the mill and the electric control, as well as the mechanical part of the electric drives from the preventive visits (lubricating, cleaning, fixing); periodic revision of the main and backup electrical systems with in-line repairs, which are carried out according to the schedule; overhaul electrical installation during retrofitting and replacement of yoga during modernization; follow-up showings of the establishment of the modernization of the entrances; the taxation of a new property or a property, a given revision for repair.
In the process of operating the electrical control, the electrical personnel keep logs: defects, failures and malfunctions, deregister malfunctions in the robot, whatever the control element; operational relays at the substations; technical inspection and repair electric power supply; conducted work in electrical installations low voltage(Up to 1000 V).
In its activity, from the security of superior and productive work, the electrical equipment of the electrical engineering staff is victorious technical documentation, including: a set of electrical circuits (principal connections) for electrical supply, electric drive, lighting and signalization; passports and technical descriptions electrical equipment with a passport and acts of testing before them, planting and ordering instructions for servicing, repairing and upgrading electrical devices, machines and automation equipment; core and normative materials.
Usі іnstruktsії pіdlyagayut reconsidering not less than once every 5 years, and suttєvі zmeni that dopovnennya make negainno and bring to the vіdpovidalnyh osіb osіb. The entire set of design electrical circuits, descriptions, instructions is to be saved from the technical archive.
Widespread use of folding electronic and microelectronic technology presents promotion of the vimoga before the practice of technical operation of electrical installation. New principles of technical maintenance and repair of electrical installations are expanding at the link with the cym. Let's look at the deeds of them.
Operation from a solid resource. Electricity, which is operated according to this principle, may be installed directly between, after which it is replaced with a new one. Mіzhremontny resource is assigned to the beginning of exploitation and correction in a song hour. The frequency of repairs is due to the reliability of weak elements. This method of technical maintenance and repair (TO and R) may have serious shortcomings: insufficient individual resources with more elements and nodes; trudomistkіst THAT R zbіlshuєtsya; the reliability of the work and the electric power decreases during the post-repair period. The method can be used for stagnation for especially viable mechanisms for okremi knots and blocks, including non-repairable ones.
Operation from a technical standpoint. In this case, the resource for the elements of the electric control is not restored, but a periodic or uninterrupted control and modification of the parameters that characterize the technical state of the electric drive of the electric control, the block or the node are carried out. Based on the results of the control, decisions are made about the further operation of the object, which is based on the designation and forecasting of the technical state of the object and on the data on the cost of maintenance and R, including spending on downtime.
The basis of the method is diagnostics as reliable information about the technical state of the electric drive. Later, it is possible to zastosovuvat for quiet elements of electric control, technical control of such elements. The method of maintenance and repair may have a negative moment, due to the shortness of the obligation to work when servicing through the immovirnist nature, it could be repaired.
Exploitation for equal reliability. In this case, the operation of the electrical installation is reduced to a safe operation. At any fault, the permissible equal reliability of the elements of the electric drive has been installed, which will ensure the right work and good indicators of the economy of operation. Permissible equals superiority may be recognized with proof of operation of the electric power. In the practice of operating systems of electrical control, it is necessary to rationally overcome all three principles of maintenance and operation, and the two remain, as if they were combined under the common name “service for a technical camp”.
Faults in electrical control, methods of their search and adoption
The most foldable when repairing electrical installations is the process of looking for faults, to that there are electrical circuits, folding mutually connected meshes of electrical and electronic lances. Therefore, it is important to bring out the wrong detail, or the middle of the impersonal details of those lances, which are poured one on one. Zavdannya oslodnyuєєєє tim, scho more inaccuracies to wear prihovany character and can't be shown zvnіshnіshnіm glance. The process of troubleshooting and subsequent test experiments on the electric drive and the adoption of a diagnostic intermediate or final solution.
One of the ways to change the time of troubleshooting is that it could lead to the qualification of service personnel - the stoppage of automatic troubleshooting, which is based on the algorithmization of troubleshooting procedures. For the investigation of malfunctions in the system of electrical control, as it shows the state of operation, it is possible to stop such methods.
Zovnishhnіy glance. The greatest effect is given by a clear look at the switched on electric power for the presence of emergency signs and dotrimanny rules for the safety of work. Signs of malfunction at times (cream is quiet, it can be seen when the electric power is on) є: appearance of sparks, dima, heating of okremikh details, appearance of trill thinly. However, an ominous glance does not allow revealing the attachment of inaccuracies.
Replace method. As soon as the failures occur, then the faulty element was replaced effectively.
Method of error to be entered. At this point in the block, which is being revised, piece-by-piece poshkodzhennya is brought in, which calls out the songs of logical interplay of elements. The control over the parameters of the scheme and the analysis of their changes allow to determine the localization of the fault.
Half smashing method. This method can be successful in this case, as it shows the reliability of the okremikh vozlіv and block circuits of electrical installation, however. For the sake of inaccuracy, you can change one vuzol, for example, a voltage, and then a struma. Podіl mozhe buti vykonany and in the middle of the block or vuzla, scho allows you to quickly localize, and then reveal the injustice.
Control signal method. The choice of this method is supported by a wide range of logical elements and microcircuits in control systems. In order to detect a malfunction, after the help of the control signal, it is additionally necessary to apply a control line with a diagram of the passage of the signal through the right system. To the control signal of a given form, it is possible to determine the correctness of the node, which is reversed, or electric lansyug.
The method of intermediate vimiriv. The method of transmitting oscillography of characteristic processes, vibrating the voltage at control points, monitoring the support of other elements and electrical lances and other control and diagnostic functions, which allow you to identify a fault in the electrical system or detect a faulty element.
The method of repairing from an invalid object. The method of equalization is that the node failure signals to the block of the circuit are equal to the signals of the other correct node of the block.
Mayuchi in its order of repurchase of the method of searching for defects, next to check, which is the optimal technique is guilty of but a logical sequence that sounds between areas of faults to a new localization. When choosing the method of looking for faults in the process of looking for faults, it is necessary to follow such practical principles:
- it is necessary to change the position of the switch, that in the system of electric control there is no need to change the positions, the position of the handles of the jumpers and extensions, what to set;
- next to choose such a method and such a sequence of the search for inaccuracies, so that the fallibility of taking away the results is reduced, the search is guilty of bringing even up to one of the richest possible results;
- on the cob looking for inaccuracies, it is necessary to choose such a re-verification, as it allows you to take the most information, so that you absorb the maximum of inconsistencies;
- yakscho є vіdmova, sіd lіd vіdmі vіdmі vіdmі vіdmі vіdmіvі;
- the method of a search should be chosen according to the least time spent, as the reason for the change is unknown.
Another, the most numerous group of faults is manifested at the beginning of the period of operation of the electric power supply and is connected with the lack of perfection of the design of the installation, which is operated, inaccurate installation and adjustments. To the characteristic faults of this group lie: numerical pardons spratsovuvannya blocking through neakіsne nalagodzhennya; setting the maximum strum setting, so that the strum spratsovuvannya (setpoint) of the insurance relay is not according to the functional (working), but according to nominal stream dviguniv.
During this period, there has been a significant decline in the failure of power and control cables due to the non-acidic installation of good couplings and terminals.
These failures mean a great deal of repair work, increase the cost of the first period of operation. However, the search for malfunctions will be relieved, the shards are found to be the causes of the malfunction, taken away on the basis of proof of operation of a similar possession on other objects.
The third group of faults appears in the process of exploitation and is connected with unfriendly external minds, processes of old insulation materials that neakіsnoyu ekspluatatsієyu. The most common faults in this group are the shaving of an electric stake in contact relays, starters, contactors. The following are three main causes of failures: - consumption of third-party objects between contacts; adjustment of the mechanical part of the electrical apparatus, rods, springs; oxidation and erosion of contacts through the injection of an electric arc.
In the event of an inaccuracy, you can speed up, be it in some way a joke. The method of research into an electric lance, which will be established in practice, is based on the inclusion of the lance of the voltage and the reversal of the control points of the lance of the lance for the help of an indicator or a control light.
Due to the obviousness of the analysis between the control points, there is a difference in potentials, which visually appear at the illuminated control lamp.
I will be of great help to you in case of miscarriage and miscarriage, we will give you an alarm signal. As if injustice became a posture sphere of diversified signaling, it is necessary to speed up the schemes of electric control.
Highly qualified service personnel, knowledge of electrical circuits and the principle of their work, as well as methods of investigating and fixing malfunctions, are the main minds of the successful operation of electric power onshore installations.
Grounding and grounding of electrical installations
Zahisnі go into the bunker to the parts of electrical installations, which normally change without voltage, but iodine was found to be elastic after damage to the insulation of the stream-conducting parts of the electrical installation, steps: metal parts electrical installations; attachment automatically turn on installations, in which there was a phase flicker on the case; building insulating maidanchiks for maintenance of electric power, which makes the first two points more difficult.
Zahysne inclusion ensure the alarm of electrical installations within the hour is not more than 2 s, as on this electrical installation there was a short flicker on the case. Like a butt, we can look at the start-up scheme and teeth asynchronous motor, De transferred to the connection for the auxiliary relay KAO (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Zahisne inclusion in the lance of an asynchronous motor
The main approach is to zahistu people from the blows electric jet when dotik to the buildings of electrical installations, for some reason, insulation is damaged, є zahisne grounding that dullness. Zeroing in the form of grounding is connected to the electrical installation casing from the neutral, for example, the transformer through neutral wire(Fig. 2). so yak zahisne zanulennya may be smaller opir for strums short hum Ik, then the minds are being created for a bigger supremacy and a quick switch-on of the electrical installation.
Rice. 2. Grounding circuits (a) and zeroing (b)
The steps of the wounded people with an electric strum are signified by the power of the strum, a path that thrive of yoga passes through the body of a person. The strength of the struma is to lie down in the form of a voltage to the dot Upr and the support of the entire electric lansyug, in which the person is consequently “turned on”. When supporting the body of a person R, the strum, which passes through the body, will reach Ich = Upr / Rq. If the electrical installation is grounded, then grounding device R3<< Rч, то по телу человека будет протекать ток, близкий к нулю: Iч = I3R3/Rч, где I3 — ток короткого замыкания, проходящий через заземлитель.
Otzhe, less opіr grounding, then less strum, scho to pass through the body of a person.
For more in-depth and professional mastering of the material, I recommend reading the regulatory and technical documentation on the site http://docs.cntd.ru/. GOST R 12.1.009-2009 SSBT. Electrical safety. The terms are the same. contacts and mi mittevo live all diy for the visualization of your material.
⇓DISCUSS THE ARTICLE⇓
Budget mortgage for middle professional education
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugri
"BILOYARSK PROFESSIONAL COLLEGE"
ABOUT THE INTERNSHIP WITH THE REMOVAL OF THE FIRST PROFESSIONAL APPLICATIONS
3rd year student, specialty 140613 "Technical operation and maintenance of electrical and electromechanical equipment
(behind the curtains)"
group___ET-0631__
Medvedev Mykola Ivanovich
Place of practice: "UTEK-Bіloyarsky"
Terms of passage:
April 11, 2009 - April 01, 2009
Biloyarsky 2009
Entry
1. Characteristics of the enterprise
1.1 Management structure
1.4 Landing harness of an electrician of the II category
1.5 Landing harness of an electrician of the ІІІ category
2. Electrical installation robots
3. Individual order
Visnovok
List of references
Entry
At the link with the development of industry and living and communal life in places of increasing national and sovereign significance of the city's electric grids, and before them, more and more high power of hope and uninterrupted supply of electricity are hanging.
As a result of this, the majority of electricians are moving up to the qualifications of practitioners of the city's electric power lines.
Virobnicha practice is an organic part of the initial process and an effective form of training a specialist to work. The main method of practice is the elimination of the first professional skills and the skill of an electrician on the basis of the development of a specific business for the development of current electrical control.
In order to achieve the best achievement, mark an hour of practical practice for the removal of the first professional skills, you may have the following tasks:
Opening of the cob professional certificate
In case of the violation of the head of the virobnic practice, the victories were divided into the following:
Characteristics of the undertaking
Electrical installation robots
Individual order: Please describe the procedure for drawing up protocols for testing the adjustment of electrical appliances and equipment.
1. Characteristics of the enterprise
A short history of the establishment of the enterprise.
13 Lipnya 2004 RISSHENNES of installation ZBOLOV BULL ACCHECTION OF ACTRIONENENENENSENT "Yugorska Teritoric Enertitical Companion - Bloyarsky", Creed for the main sovereign number 1048603450720 IMENSKIITSTY Ros.
WAT "UTEK - Bіloyarskiy" was created in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Joint Stock Companies" and other relevant legislation of the Russian Federation.
Some of the types of activity are:
Service income from the transmission of electrical energy;
Ensuring the operation of energy facilities, carrying out timely and regular repairs, technical re-engineering and reconstruction of energy facilities;
Safeguarding the practicality of electrical installations
Basic directions for development
For WAT "UTEK - Bіloyarskiy" priority directions of activity are: reception, transmission and distribution of electricity through electric lines. Technical maintenance, repair and adjustment of the commissioning of electrical voltage lines up to 1000V.
The goals and objectives of the VAT "YUTEK - Biloyarsky" for 2008 - 2012
The main method is the provision of reliable and uninterrupted power supply in the Biloyarsky district. Tsієї meti can reach only the dawn of a complex approach to the completion of this task.
The reform of the electric power industry and further liberalization of that market will lead to a change in the electric power industry absolutely at a later date. For efficient work and stable development of electric power industry enterprises, new methods of management may be developed, market mechanisms for reducing co-operation may be introduced.
One of the energy problems of the Biloyarsky district is a large part of the cost of the public contract transferred to the sale of electricity. And for the price of lowering this show, you can significantly improve the financial result, save money for the implementation of the first business.
1.1 Management structure
The governing bodies of the VAT "UTEK - Biloyarsky" є (add.1):
zagalnі zbori аuktsionerіv (great governing body of the partnership);
Monosibny vikonavchy body (director).
At the time of recognition by the liquidation commission, all functions of managing the rights of the Partnership shall be transferred to it. Likvіdatsіyna komіsіya for volunіnіnії liіkvіdatsії Partnerships are collected by high fees of shareholders.
The body of control of financial and government activities is the audit commission, as it is collected by extortionate collections of shareholders.
The director (the executive body of the Partnership) is confirmed by sweeping collections of shareholders. The Rakhunkov Commission is being collected by extortionate collections of shareholders. The auditor is hardened by sweeping collections of shareholders.
Organizational structure
Organizational structure of BAT "YUTEK - Biloyarsky" consists of two main parts: "District Electricity" (REM) and control apparatus (dod.2).
1.2 Rules of internal order
An hour on the cob that the end of the work is restored like this:
a) regular days: from 08:00 to 17:45, from 08:00 to 17:15 (women), break for lunch from 12:00 to 13:15.
B) at shift days: working day from 8-00 to 15-15, women from 8-00 to 12-00.
c) at predsvyatkovі days: the working day is 1 year shorter.
See the hour for a fix:
a break during the working day (change) for a meal and a meal of trivality no more than two years and no less than 30 quills;
schenny (mіzhzminny) vіdpochinok;
weekdays (day without interruption) no less than 42 years;
non-working holy days;
At the undertaking of the VAT "Yutek - Biloyarsky" the rules of the internal labor order for practitioners were approved and approved (div. dod.3).
1.3 Protection of work for the first hour of operation of electrical installations
Electrical installations for the minds of electrical safety are divided into:
electrical installation voltage up to 1000V ;
electrical installations over 1000V .
Electrical installations may be completed with tests. Get ready to win with your own hands. And also with the assistance of the first medical aid.
It is not safe to injure people with an electric jet to fight:
admission without increased anxiety;
application from a promoted insecurity;
especially unsafe accommodation;
especially unfriendly mind robot.
MIZHGALUZOVI RULES for the protection of work (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations POT R M - 016 - 20001, RD 153-34.0-03.150-00 from changes and additions introduced in 2003. поширюються на працівників організацій незалежно від форм власності та організаційно-правових форм та інших фізичних осіб, зайнятих технічним обслуговуванням електроустановок, що проводять у них оперативні перемикання, що організовують та виконують будівельні, монтажні, налагоджувальні, ремонтні роботи, випробування та вимірювання.
Kerіvnik spozhivacha appointed by order defender from the number of scientists and fahivtsiv of Spozhyvach, who has passed the re-verification of knowledge, which may be associated with that qualification group of electrical safety:
V- in electrical installations with a voltage of 1000 V, or
IV - in electrical installations up to 1000 V.
Re-verification of the knowledge of the state power authority of Spozhivach, his intercessor, a specialist in the protection of work, a kind of inspector of electrical installations, is carried out in the commission of the authorities of the power watchdog.
Обслуговування електротехнологічних установок (зварювання, електроліз), а також складного електронасиченого виробничо-технологічного обладнання, при роботі якого потрібне постійне технічне обслуговування та регулювання електроапаратури, електроприводів, ручних електричних машин, переносних та пересувних електроприймачів, переносного електроінструменту має здійснювати electrotechnological personnel(Group II for electrical safety).
The operation of electrical installations is responsible for the training of electrical personnel, which is responsible for administrative-technical, operational, repair, operational-repair .
Personnel who serve electrical installations are obliged to undergo a re-verification of knowledge and mothers II- V) group s electrical safety.
Self-conducted work is not allowed, as well as the expansion of work tasks and obligatory duties, assigned by order of orders.
Oblik robit z along with being conducted in The magazine looks like a work of dressing up that order.
Vіdpovіdalnym for safe workє:
you see the outfit, what you see in the order, what the change is working on, what follows the order of the current operation;
vidpovіdalny kerіvnik robіt;
what is allowed;
vikonovets robit;
posterigach;
brigade member.
When coring with power tools, hand-held and electric machines and hand-held lamps, wires and cables are to be moved as far as possible.
Not allowed:
non-intermediate dotik wired or cables with combustible and oily surfaces and objects;
pull, twist and twist the cable, put it on a new harness, allow it to be twisted with cables, cables, gas supply hoses.
ВAT "UTEK - Bіloyarskiy" has programs No. 21, 22 carried out instructing at the work station for electricians for repair and installation of cable lines and operation of sub-bases (div. appendix 4).
1.4 Landing harness of an electrician of the II category
Electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical installation 2nd category Characteristics of work. Vikonu okremі neskladnі rаboti z repair and service elektroobladnannya pіd kerіvnitstvom elektromenitsa vyshchoї kіlіfіkatsії. Installation and repair of rozpodіlnyh boxes, terminals, zapobіzhny shields and illuminating fittings. Cleaning and blowing through the squeezing of electric power in the partial separation, washing and wiping of parts. Cleaning contacts and contact surfaces. Build, grow, insulate and solder wires with a voltage of up to 1000 V. Lay and install wires and cables. Servicing and repairing sleepers and wind power plants up to 50 kW. Vikonu simple plumbing, installation and teslar work in the repair of electrical equipment. The connection and the connection of the electric power and the connection of the simplest vibrations. Robotic pneumatic and electric tools. Vikonu rigging robots from zastosuvannyam simple vantazhopidyomnyh zasobіv і cranes, keranovyh z pіdlogi. Rechecking and rewiring with a megohmmeter the support of the insulation of the underlays of the stators and rotors of the electric motors, the windings of the transformers, the inputs and the wiring of the cables.
Electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment 2nd category Guilty of the nobility: the principle of operation of electric motors, generators, transformers, switching and ballasts, batteries and electric devices; the main types of electrical materials, their authority and recognition; rules and methods of installation and repair of electrical equipment in the obsyazі vykonuvanoї roboti; naming, acknowledging that the rules of corystuvannya zastosovuvannym working and control and vimіryuvalnym _instrument and the main information about the virobnіstvo and organization of the working mіstsya; use this method to replace, increase and solder low-voltage wires; rules for giving first aid in case of electric shock; rules of safety engineering for an hour of maintenance of electrical installations with a general qualification group II; accept that sequence of rigging robots.
Apply robot.
Fittings osvitlyuvalna: vimikachi, plug sockets, cartridges too. - installation with connections to the fence.
The introduction and installation of cables - re-checking the insulation support with a megohmmeter.
The details are simple - spiral springs, staples, jumpers, tips and contacts - pre-made and installed.
Ilumination - installation.
Cables and wires - fitting of terminals, pressing and soldering of tips.
Structures made of steel and other metals and electrical appliances prepared and installed.
Contactors, relays, controllers, command devices - re-wiring and tightening of fastening, cleaning and tyrsa of contacts, their replacement and polishing, replacement of arc-extinguishing attachments.
Attach electrical appliances: stoves, laundry, etc. - disassembly, repair and storage.
Provid that cable (repair) - installation, dismantling, repair and replacement.
Transformers zvaryuvalnі - razbirannya, clumsy repair, folding, installation of the terminal shield.
Socles of electric lamps - soldering kіntsіv.
Shields and boxes of rozpodіlnі - change and installation of zapobіzhnikіv and knife switches.
Shields of power or lighting measures from a simple scheme (up to eight groups) - prepared and installed.
Electric motors and generators - partial separation, cleaning and blowing with compressed air, polishing, replacing shields.
Grounding electrodes - installed and blocked.
1.5 Landing harness of an electrician of the ІІІ category
Vіdpovіdno to the main zavdan, laying on the service of energy supply, electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical goiter:
1. Take a look at the fixed possession from the record to the operational journal;
2. to get used to when you have shown the respect yourself, and in case of impossibility, tell the engineer of the EVS, the replacement engineer of the KS;
3. Increase operational switching in electrical installations up to 1000V;
4. Prepare working hours and get permission for repair teams.
5. Improve technical maintenance and repair robots and electrical equipment.
6. Mother admission to fire-fighting robots, work from the assembly line, sling robots, gas-safe robots, robots on high.
7. Rationally victorious material resources, vitratupalny, energy, syroviny and materials at vikonannі robit.
8. Dotrimuvatisya technological process vykonuvanoї roboti, rules of technical operation and supervision of possessions, outbuildings and tools.
9. Know the vimogi to the extent of victorious robit.
10. Ensure rational organization of work in your work area
11. For the duration of the work, handing over to the production instructions, the head of the EBU (engineer of the EBU) may have the right to entrust the vikonuvat timchasovo be-yaku іnsha work, yak without special training and your higher qualifications.
Obov'yazki for the protection of work and industrial safety.
Bear responsibility for vikonannya vomog іnstruktsiy z zahroni pratsі for the types of work and for professions.
Taking part in the first equal control over the camp of protection of work, before the beginning of the change (working day) to conduct an inspection of the work job.
Due to the correctness of possession, attachments, tools and accessories.
Revіryaє nayavnіstі nіstіnіnі і fenіkі, vіdnіh podstroїv, blokuvalnymi і signalіzuyuchih prіstroїv, vіdіvіdіvі і іndividualі і а group zahistu, stan proіdіvіv, tresіvіv, maidanchikіv, skhodnyh prіstroїv, rurіvnіv, and sozhutnіst їх їkhаrashchennostі і zaharachnostі.
About the manifestations of the hour, I look around the shortcomings to the maestro (brigadier) and for this instruction I take the fate of their adopted ones.
At the process of robotic goiter:
zastosovuvaty special clothes and іnshi zahistu, vikoristovuvaty safe priyomi pratsі, dotrimuvatsya with whom you could protect pratsі;
pay attention to the behavior of other workers, vykonanny them special security calls, tell them about the need for vikoristanny priyomіv pratsі, vykonannya vymog tekhnіkі zpeka, virobnichoї sanіtarії, pozhozhnoї and gas safety;
undergo training in safe methods and methods of vikonannya robit, instruction in the protection of work, probation in the work field and re-verification of knowledge and could protect work;
pass obov'yazkovі forward (when entering the work) and periodically (through labor activity) medically look around (obstezhennya).
By extending the change (watch, working day), you give respect to the camp of the working place, communications, fence, fixing, attaching, adjusting thinly. About the manifestation of inaccuracies, tell the master (brigadier) and for yoga, live by visiting at any time.
It’s negligent to talk about your uninterrupted or greater ker_vnika about the situation, as if threatening the life and health of people, about the skin’s unfortunate mood, which, standing on the verge, or about the loss of my health, I’m among them about showing a sign of a stately profession (true), and also about the fire, bavovnі toshcho.
Vіdpovіdno to the situation behind the plan of liquidation of accidents live the necessary entries in order to improve the development of the emergency situation and liquidation.
I hope I will help the injured, at once I live by going to the call of the help, the gas fire service, or the fire protection.
Obov'yazki protect the natural environment:
1. Pratsіvnik zobov'azaniya vzhivat effektivnyh zahodіv schodo dotrimannіchnogo tekhnologicheskogo regime ta vykonannya vymog z zakhoroniâ prirode, rational vykoristannya і vіdvorennya vossіvіv, revitalize navkolishnygo natural environment.
2. Працівник на рівні своєї компетенції забезпечує якість дотримання встановлених нормативів якості навколишнього природного середовища шляхом забезпечення дотримання затверджених технологій роботи довіреного йому обладнання, дотримання технологій та порядків знешкодження та утилізації відходів, проводить заходи щодо охорони земель, вод, рослинного світу.
3. Pratsіvnik to carry out the search and removal of shkіdlivih speeches, the selection, disposal and burial of vіdkhodіv at suvorіy vіdpovіdnosti with clear permits for cі operation for the weather with the engineer for the protection of the navkolishny middle of the Kazimsky LPZ.
4. The practitioner, by virtue of his competence, is responsible for the production of chemical speeches (preparations, farb, lacquers, materials, etc.), building materials for the health of people.
3 lists. Similarly, in the event of the discovery of such a diagnosis, the doctor is also obliged to inform the environmental protection engineer about it. It is also a practitioner of goiter to conduct the appearance of the years of work of all dzherel zabrudnennya of a natural nature, which is to be taken from yoga and give information to the environmental protection engineer.
Pratsіvnik vіdpovіdaє for:
technically competent state of possession, mechanisms for the verification of actual shkidlivy wikidiv / skids of passport data for this mechanism;
own representation of the possession, mechanisms for instrumental control of the number of shkidly vikidіv / skidіv;
its own kind of yakіsny appearance of the years of robotic possession, which is the core of shkidlivy wikidіv / skidіv.
For the damage to the protection of natural nature, the practitioner carries a disciplinary, administrative and criminal, and instills material viability.
Robot characteristics.
Vikonanny of clumsy robots on leading fir trees. stations, transformer power stations with the latest switching on the voltage of operational switching in electrical circuits, revision of transformers, vimics, switches and drives to them without disassembly of structural elements.
Regulates the power supply of the electric power installed on the machine that is being serviced.
Repair, charging and installation of vibration-free fittings.
Process, grow, insulate and solder wire with a voltage of over 1000 V.
The fate of the repair, inspection and technical maintenance of electrical equipment and viconnance works in the selection, selection, improvement and maintenance of electrical appliances, electromagnetic, magnetoelectric and electrodynamic systems.
Repair of transformers, switches, rheostats, installation of magnetic starters, contactors and others. Uncomplicated equipment.
Vikonannya okremih foldable robots pіd kerіvnitstvom ate. fitters with their highest qualifications.
Vikonanny rigging operations іz zastosuvannyam cranes and іnshih vantazhopіdіymalnyh machines.
The fate of the laying of cable routes and wiring
Battery charge
Zabarvlennya zovnіshnіh parts priladіv that obladnannya.
Reconstruction of ate. possession
Dressing for armchairs of insulating materials: textolite, getinax, fiber thin.
Re-marking of simple assembly and principle schemes.
Influences that usuvaє vіdmovi, malfunctions and poor electrical control with simple switching circuits.
Pratsіvnik is obliged to know:
Fundamentals of electrical engineering.
Vіdomosti about the constant and changing strum in the obyazі work, scho vykonuєtsya.
The principle of diversification and attachments of electric motors, generators, equipment of various outbuildings, electrical connections and electrical appliances, oil chemicals, protectors, contactors, accumulators, controllers, mercury and silicon rectifiers and others. electrical equipment and electrical appliances
Design and recognition of launchers and control attachments
Accept that method, replace it, increase that soldering by adjusting the high voltage.
Bezpechnі priyomi robіt, sledovnіst razbirannya, repair and installation of electrical installation.
Designation of windings of electrical machines.
Solder and flux.
Conductors and electrical insulation materials and their main characteristics and qualifications
Vlastuvannya that recognition of simple and medium folding of the control-vimiruvalnogo _instrument and attachments.
Ways to understand the electrical values, accept the recognition and detection of faults in electrical circuits.
Rules for laying cables near the premises, under the ground and on the hanging cables.
Rules of technology for the safety of the obligatory qualification group 3.
2. Electrical installation robots
2.1 Tools, attachments, equipment, supply of materials for the installation of complex robots, installation and maintenance of the EO and EMO
Spins.
Twisting - a tool for twisting and twisting screws, screws, round nuts, etc. It is folded out of the steel bar that handles. Lezo sound ends with a tip at the look of the shoulder blade, vіn buvaє and choti-faced, and navit hexagonal.
In order not to damage the surface of the parts and the mechanisms, the twisting blade will sound dull. The tovshchina of the forest is guilty of confirming the width of the edge of the slot of the detail, which is applied for additional twisting. If you don’t have a suitable twist through those that the width of the slot of the part does not match the width of the twist, then such a twist can be twisted from the edges.
We prepare twists from steel grades of different grades, carbon additives and other houses, which are used to increase the metal’s minerality, allow you to finish the twist with a long-term tool.
It is easier to twist or twist the fastening element, as the width of the twisting blade allows you to double the slot of the fastening part. If the blade at the twist was twisted or twisted, then it’s best to sharpen її. Below is the recommendation of spinning and fixing elements.
A cross-shaped twist allows you to transfer large susillas when twisting or screwing nuts, lowering a large twist with a flat blade. For її vіdsutnostі it is often possible to replace the "superior" with flat blades. As if the spin was broken, you can be inspired. True, for whom it is necessary to repair a little bit, having pierced the tip, which is broken. Squeeze її in the breams and, for the help of a trihedral file, and a hacksaw, turn a new tip. When making the twist, use the screw or the tip of the other twist.
Shmatochki are subdivided into sprats. Be it wire cutters, you can use them as electrical installations, as if gum and plastic tubes are put on them. It is important to cut the wire cutter with steel grades U7, U7A, 7HF, 8HF. When coristuvanni with wire cutters, the memory of the sprat rules, yakі help to do more with them.
Pieces can be eaten with soft metals, such as copper and aluminum, whether it be a transverse cut. End cutters are not guilty of cutting steel drill, the cut of which is more than 1 mm. Steel hard drіt is more likely to bite with ticks, and more often to chop with a lively hammer, having put it on the gostry kut, moreover, it will be easier to grind, like bending it. The greater the cut lived on the wire, to have a snack, the closer to the middle of the cutting edges, the object is to blame for the rotting, which is to have a snack.
When working, trim the pliers with the thumb for one handle, with the thumb, middle and ring finger for the other handle, and the little finger should be placed between the handles, for raising them after a bite. If the wire cutters "walk" tight, then you can help the little finger with the ring finger. When squeezing the handles of the sponges, it is necessary to make contact. The gap between the edges can be larger than OD mm. Beware of hitting the skins of your fingers with important wire cutters, especially with old wire cutters.
With frequent vikoristanny all, scho zadnuє important nipper, znoshuєtsya. To improve the whole process, you need to polish everything. As the gap between the weight and the big wire cutter is great, you can try handing out everything. For this, put the wire cutters on the massive base, hanging to yourself. At the center, or the area, close to the new one, put a beard and with strong blows of the hammer create a depression, the same slacken from the lower side of the axis. Tse can lead to a change in the gap between viss and vazhelami. If the test was not effective, you will have to replace everything or bring new wire cutters. Zіpsovanu everything is seen as visverdlyuvannyam.
Koristuyutsya also swivel cutters. One of the pervag - tse those that stench zbіlshüt vise cob on the important wire cutter vdvіchі at vikonannі roboti. But the edges of these wire cutters, as practice shows, do not show great ambitions and can break apart for an hour of work. Tse suttєviy nedolіk such a tool.
Іsnuyut wire cutters. Bіchnі nippers in zagalі zagalі to zakushuvat steel virobi, they can be made only soft metal. Shmatochki znіmati znіmatіyu z drotіv. For a good snack, it is important to mark the moment when the wire cutters bite the insulation of the darts. If necessary, it is necessary to pinch the handles with a wire cutter and begin to remove the insulation from the dart. When the insulation is removed, it is not necessary to scrape the mid, for it is a vein that is crushed, which can lead to mechanical evil. If the diameter of the midline was picked up at 0.5-0.8 mm, then do not scrape the wire cutters with working edges. In addition, you can lead to a change in the periphery of life, and that means її mіtsnostі, ale and spriyaє late evil lived. Shmatochki can be sharpened, like the stench is stupid. Like nippers with notches, then stinks cannot completely defeat their functions
Electric mites.
The electric switches are assembled from a struma transformer with a pink magnetic circuit, secured with handles and an ammeter. In order to win the struma, which is to pass through the conductor, the magnetic conductor is opened, the conductor is suffocated with it and then we lead both parts of the magnetic conductor to the closing. Conductor with a strum at the same winding - the primary winding of the strum transformer.
Промисловістю випускається кілька різновидів електровимірювальних кліщів, для вимірювань в ланцюгах напругою до 10 кВ і до 600 В. Для вимірювання струму в ланцюгах напругою до 10 кВ служать кліщі КЕ-44 з межами вимірювань 25, 50, 100, 0 Ц90 з межами вимірювань 15, 30, 75, 300 and 600 A. In these clamps, the handles are insulated from the magnetic circuit.
To vimiryuvannya struma in lances with a voltage of up to 600 V, stop the pliers C30 from vimiryuvan 10, 25, 100, 250, 500A, with which it is possible to vitiate the voltage at two boundaries - up to 300 and 600 V. In addition, the kit includes an electric switch to other winding outbuildings and devices, for example, to the VAF-85 voltammeter, which allow the winding of the strum in electric lances without any gaps between the windings of 1-5 and 10A.
Electronic-promenev oscillography.
Electron-promenevy oscilloscope is a universal vibrational device of wide application, which allows to visually detect and fix fluctuations, single non-periodic and periodic electrical processes in the frequency range from zero (constant stream) to one gigahertz. The oscilloscope allows you to measure:
the amplitude and the value of the struma and the voltage;
temporal parameters of the signal (spreading, frequency, trivality to the front, thin phase);
zsv phases; the frequency of harmonic signals (method of figures of Lissajous and circular roses),
amplitude-frequency and phase characteristics are thin.
An oscilloscope can be used as a warehouse part of a folding and winding equipment, for example, in bridge circuits as a null organ, in frequency response measurements, etc.
The high sensitivity of the oscilloscope indicates the possibility of maintaining even weak signals, and the great input opera zooms in little in the way of reaching the modes of maintaining the lances. According to the indications of electronic-prominence oscillography, it is divided into universal recognition (type C1), fast and stroboscopic (type C7), which is memorized (type C8), special (type C9), which is registered by recording on a photopaper (type H) . All stinks can be one-, two-, rich-promenevy.
Universal oscillography.
Universal oscillography may have a rich functionality for the screening of replacement blocks (for example, subsidiaries in C1-15). Smuha transmission from 0 to hundreds of megahertz, the amplitude of the received signal from tens of microvolts to hundreds of volts. Oscillography of the main feature is to stop on the follow-up of low-frequency processes, impulse signals. May smugu transmission from 0 to tens of megahertz, the amplitude of the signal reached from one millivolt to hundreds of volts.
Shvidkіsnі oscillography.
Shvidky oscillography is used for registration of single and pulsed signals, which are repeated, in the range of frequencies of the order of one gigahertz.
Stroboscopic oscillography.
Stroboscopic oscillography is used to follow swidcode signals, which are repeated, in the range of frequencies from zero to one gigahertz with the amplitude of the signal being reached from one millivolt to one volt.
Memorize the oscilloscope.
Memorize the oscilloscope signs for registration of one-time signals, which are rarely repeated. Smuha transmission up to 20 MHz with the amplitude of the signal reached from tens of millivolts to hundreds of volts. Hour of recording the recorded image from 1 to 30 min.
To register swidkoline and transitional processes on photopaper, it is necessary to put an electronic-promenade oscillography with a photo-optical method of transferring the exchange to a nasal record, for example, H023. The high speed of recording (up to 2000 m/s) and the large range of frequencies that are recorded (up to hundreds of kilohertz) allow you to freeze the number of oscillography, which makes it impossible to vary the light speed, which can be caused by a small speed of recording and a wide range of frequencies.
Zastosuvannya svetlopromenevyh oscillographs.
In order to remove the visible recording of the swipe-producing processes of the largest width, light-producing oscillography was made from the recording on a special oscillographic photopaper, sensitive to ultraviolet changes. In the rest of the hour, the electrographic light-producing oscillography is being used more widely from a record on a cheap electrographic paper.
The main advantage of light-producing oscillographs is the ability to capture the visible recording of rectangular coordinates in a large dynamic range (up to 50 dB). The working frequency of light-producing oscillographs does not exceed 15,000 Hz, the limit of recording speed for light-producing oscillographs is up to 2000 m/s, for electrographic light-producing oscillographs 6-50 m/s. For one-hour monitoring of that registration of several electrical processes of oscillography, there may be a number of oscillographic galvanometers (called a magnetoelectric system), the number of which can reach 24 (in the oscilloscope H043.2) and more.
Oscillography can be carried out on a UV photopaper or a photo line with a chemical photographic development. Oscillography on UV paper is carried out with a mercury lamp with an uninterrupted development on the light, which quickly speeds up the process of oscillography, and zastosovuetsya in quiet vibrations, if necessary, take, for example, test an oscillogram. Not enough for a UV photopaper that, when taken on a new oscillogram, loses contrast for an hour through a dark background. The sensitivity of the photo paper and the brightness of the illumination should be chosen more, the greater the speed of the oscillograph, and the better the speed of the oscilloscope, and the installation of test oscillograms.
Oscillographs are equipped with galvanometers with different ranges of operating frequencies. With the help of the galvanometer, the operating frequency of which is unknown, the upper frequency range can be taken equal to half of the galvanometer's wet frequency. The power frequency of the galvanometer is indicated on the new one through the dash after the designation type. For the exchange of a working stream of a galvanometer, there are standard stores of shunts and additional resistors. For vipadkіv oscillographing large streams (greater than 6 A) or greater voltages (greater than 600 V), sound the vicorous transformers.
To take the largest range of change on the oscillogram (70-80% of the width of the paper), then select a galvanometer, the working strum will be close to the maximum.
Megaohmmeter.
Opir іzolyatsії є important characteristic will become іzolyatsії elektroobdnannya. To this, the support to be carried out for all the revisions will become isolation. Opir іzolyatsії vymіryuєtsya megaohmmeter.
Electronic megaohmmeters of the F4101, F4102 types for a voltage of 100, 500 and 1000 V. and 2500 V are widely known. Zhivlennya prilad F4101 zdіysnyuєtsya vіd vіd zminny strumu 127-220 or vіd dzherel stіyny strumu 12 V. Zhyvlennya priladіv type M4100 zdіysnyuєtsya vіd vbudovannyh generatorіv.
Vibration of the type of megaohmmeter should be carried out according to the nominal support of the object (power cables 1 - 1000, switching equipment 1000 - 5000, power transformers 10 - 20 000, electrical machines 0.1 - 1000, porcelain insulators 0 0 0 rated voltage.
Yak rule, for the vimiryuvannya support for the ilitan -nominal zone up to 1000 V (lantsyugi secondary komutasi, dviguni i. T. and 2500 V.
1. Vymіryati opіr _izoljatsії zadnuvalnyh provіdіv, znannja kogo mає buti not less than the upper limit of the megaohmmeter.
2. Insert between the world; if the significance of the support of isolation is unknown, then, in order to go down the "scale" of the vimiryuvacha's indicator, it is necessary to start from the greatest intervimiruvannya; when choosing between measurements, we should consider that the accuracy will be the greatest when considering the indication of the working part of the scale.
3. Change the voltage on the object, which is being changed.
4. Wipe or short-circuit all parts with reduced insulation or reduced testing voltage, capacitors and conduit accessories.
5. For an hour of connection, the device should be grounded for testing the lancers.
6. Having pressed the "high voltage" button in the attachments, to live in the measure, or wrapping the handle of the generator of the inductor megohmmeter with a speed of approximately 120 rpm, after 60 times the spatula, fix the value of the support behind the scale of the attachment.
7. When vimiryuvanni the support of the isolation of the objects with great severability, the indication is carried out after the arrow is completely calm.
8. After the completion of the termination, especially for the possession of a great capacity (for example, cables of great length), before it, as in the end of the fitting, it is necessary to remove the accumulation charge with a path of grounding.
If the result of vimiryuvannya support of the insulation can be created by the surface jets of a coil, for example, for the laying of the surface of the insulating parts of the installation, a jet electrode is applied to the insulation of the object, which will come up to the clamping of the megaohmmeter E.
The arrival of a strum-type electrode E is determined by the mind of the creation of the largest variety of potentials between the earth and the place of arrival of the screen.
At the time of vimiryuvannya іzolyatsії cable іzolovannі vіd zemle zatiskách E priєdnuєtsі to brоіnі cable; when vimіrі the support of the insulation between the windings of the electrical machines, the zatiskach E is attached to the body; when vimiryuvanni support of the windings of the transformer zatyskach E fit under the back of the outer insulator.
Vimiryuvannya support іizoljatsії power and illuminating postings to be carried out with the inclusion of vimikach, fusible links removed, the inclusion of electrical receivers, attachments, devices, twist lamps.
They categorically defend themselves against insulation on the line, as if they would not want to pass near the other line on a small distance, which is known to be under pressure, that time of thunderstorms on the overhead transmission lines.
Save yourself.
Isolation protection against electric jet damage fallow against the operating voltage of electrical installations is divided into:
main protections for electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1 kV;
dodatkovі zahisnі zasobi in electrical installations with voltage up to 1 kV;
the main expenses in electrical installations with a voltage of over 1 kV;
dodatkovі zahisnі zasobi in electrical installations with a voltage of over 1 kV;
The main ones are called such protections, the isolation of which is superficially visible working under pressure in electrical installations and allows the jet-conducting parts to stick around, which are under pressure. Dodatkovі zahisnі zasobi are themselves zaobі, yakі themselves on their own can not, under this voltage, ensure safety in the event of an electric jet. The stench is an addition to the main zabіv zabіzhny entry, and also serve for zahistu vіd naprugi dotik, krokovї naprugi and datkovy zahisniy zabob for zahistu vіd vplu elektriė arc and produktіv її gorіnnya.
Zastosovuvani іzolyuyuchi zahisnі zasobi vіd urazhennya elektrichnym strum due to state and galuzev standards (GOST, OST), technical minds (TU), technical descriptions (TO). When carrying out work on victorious protection measures in the event of damage by an electric jet, one must strictly comply with the rules of safety technology.
On the skin test of the middle data, the dates of preparation and testing are affixed, which indicate the exploitation of the applicability of the individual protection. Dielectric dominance mittens, boots and galoshes are plunging into the world of their savings and exploitation. Necessarily periodically after 6 months, carry out their testing on the electrical power independently, depending on whether there were stinks in operation.
When vikoristannі zabu іndivіdualnogo zakhistu vіd urazhennya elektrichnym strum stench due to dry and protected from mechanical damage. Just before the stasis of the stench, it is to blame for a retal gazing glance and at the time of the development, whether it is possible to be able to be vigilant.
Dielectric boots, galoshes, mittens and kilims are to be taken away from closed premises at a distance of at least 0.5 m from scorch fittings. When taking care of it, it is necessary to protect them directly from the direct inflow of sony exchanges and not to allow them to drink with oils, gasoline, gas, acids, meadows and other rivers that destroy the humus.
Galoshes and boots dielectric.
( GOST 13385-78)
Galoshes and boots are dielectric and dodatkovym zakhistu vіd razhennya elektrichnym strum when working in closed electrical installations, as well as at vіdkritih - for the vіdsutnosti plank and wet snow. Galoshes are allowed to stop at a pressure of up to 1 kV and temperatures from - 30 to +50 ° C, boots to stop at a pressure of more than 1 kV and in the same temperature range.
Gum dielectric mittens (TU 38305-05-257-89)
Mittens are an additional insulating method for robots on voltage installations, which exceed 250 V, and the main insulating method for voltage installations, which does not exceed 250 V. They are made by the method of punching (virubuvannya) of one size on the right and left hand.
Gum mittens seamless dielectric.
( GOST 12.4 183-91, TU 38.306-5-63-97)
Mittens are the main way to protect against a constant or changeable electric jet with a voltage that does not exceed 1 kV, and an additional way with a voltage of 1 kV in the temperature range from -40 to +30 ° С. They are made in a molding way on the right and left hand with evenly slit edges of the cuffs.
Kilimi gumov dielectric.
( GOST 4997-75)
Kilimi are recognized for the protection of the most effective types of electric shock. Voni є dodatkovim zahisnym zasobom pіd hour of work on electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1 kV. Stay at temperatures from -15° to +40° C. Kilimi with a humic plate with a corrugated front surface.
The scheduling plan for repairs and technical maintenance is being approved (div. add.5), and an act is being drawn up for the completion of in-line repair and technical maintenance in accordance with the plan for maintenance work (div. add. 6.7).
In the electrical laboratory of the BAT "YUTEK - Biloyarsk, there are electrical appliances with a switch (div. dod.8).
2.2 Ways of processing cables and screened wires
Before installation of cable couplings and a foundation, a complex of technological operations, ranks of cable terminations or cable terminations, must be laid. Її wink for the help of some and quiet operations that go in the same order. Fallow in the construction of the cable of the first part of the field, at the last and step-by-step visible on the singing dozhina, the curvature, armor, sheathing, screen and insulation.
Cable wrapping, installation of the muff and embedment is a single technological process, which can be fixed without interruption from the moment the cable sheath is removed until the muff or embedment is fully sealed.
Proper organization of working areas during cable processing by qualified electricians-cable workers, provision of equipment for binding technology works, stosuvannya set of attachments and tools to ensure high quality and reliability of installation work.
The assembly of the cable is done by the electrician-cable technicians at the warehouse of two osib.
Vіdpovіdno to the qualification characteristics of the electrician-cable of the third category vykonє vykonuє vykonє zmіtku i obrobka podrugogo up to 10 kV, as well as rechecking their insulation for water; an electrician-cable worker of a different category - cable fitting with a voltage of up to 1 kV. Electrical fitters-cable workers of the first or another category can make additional work, for example: - preparation of pits; laying out cable terminations; installation of mounting outbuildings, markings; supply and collection of tools, attachments and materials; grounding of armor and lead sheath of cables.
Before the cob, the cable is prepared for work. A working place is a price zone, equipped with the necessary technical equipment, and the work of an electrician-cable worker is from Lanka. All the material and technical elements of manufacturing are taken care of at the working place.
When working on the cable, as well as during all offensive operations, the cleanliness of the working areas is maintained. In another way, it is necessary to penetrate the middle of the cables of the water supply and other inclusions to the penetration, which will reduce the electrical power and durability of the couplings or the mortgage.
Виробнича культура робочих місць електромонтерів-кабельників в основному залежить від раціонального розміщення наборів інструментів та пристосувань (контейнерів, сумок, підставок тощо), інвентарю (індивідуальних переносних вентиляторів, пальників ДІІВ, світильників місцевого освітлення, засобів зв'язку, переносних стільців, ящиків) - sit thinly), outbuildings, so that you can safely wash the robots (sanitary posts for those working with an epoxy compound, portable separate stations thinly).
Under the hour of organizing the work area, it is important to correctly determine the size of the work area. The working area with an epoxy coupling CE installed in the body is shown in Fig.1. In the optimal zone / in the zone of easy reach // to have the most important and often victorious tools at your disposal. In these zones, all technological operations are carried out, the frequency of which can reach two and more operations on the quill.
Before the cable is laid in a trench, a pit is prepared for the placement of suitable couplings.
Correctly digging the foundation pit, including a loose cable, allows you to lay it with allowable radii of the wig, as well as place markings, extensions, tools and sets of cable fittings on the working area.
Expand the foundation pit to lie in the construction of cables, their number and mass of minds.
For example, when the asphalt cover is broken, the foundation pit may be minimally expanded.
Fig.1. Working area with a suitable CE epoxy sleeve installed in the body: / - the optimal area for the most important and often victorious tools and attachments; 1 - electrician-cable, 2 - cable, 3 - epoxy sleeve, 4 - connection for fixing cable ends and a suitable sleeve
Near the pit, two markings are installed: the first one - protects the working area with cable ends, which are loosened, in the form of water logs, a saw and sony radiation, the other one - is used for soldering, pouring masi, preparing epoxy compounds, etc. Plan to install it in such a way that the entrance to them is known from the underside.
For the installation of couplings on a voltage of up to 10 kV, it is necessary to lay out a size of at least 2.5x1.5 m. The organization of working places for cable processing at low temperatures and frontal heating must be ensured safely until the installed technology (div. ch. IX).
Warming up the cables of the cables will be done at the name, the greenhouse or the other time of the day. For the processing of cables at low temperatures of the superfluous medium in the working area, use different methods to increase the temperature not lower than 15 °C. With the help of the method, it is necessary to install wind turbines of propane-repairing palniks of the infra-red vippromination of DIIV, yaki connect to the balloon through the hoses and the reducer.
At an ambient temperature of up to - 5 ° C, for heating the working area (Fig. 2) to a temperature of 15 ° C at a height of 400 mm from the bottom of the pit, one palnik is enough, and at - 20 ° C, two palniks 2, yak one.
Fig.2. Heating of the working area during the installation of suitable couplings
For those who need to install different sets of tools and attachments for the cable assembly and installation of couplings, which work on propane-butane (NSP, braziers and other), for dispensing gas with vicorist, install roses under the ramps with individual valves and hoses (Fig. 3).
Fig.4. Scheme of dispensing propane-butane in the working area: 1 - reducer, 2 - gas cylinder, 3 - hose, 4 - dispensing ramp, 5 - gas brazier, 6 - gas burner, 7 - burners of infrared vippromination, 8 - reducer
The installation of the largest extension for heating the ends of the cable made of plastic insulation is shown in Fig.5. A hose 5 is pulled onto the end of the cable, the diameter of which is 1.5 times larger than the diameter of the cable, and the length is 2 m. To the end of the hose, for an additional muff 3, attach a steel pipe 2, a gum hose 1, connections to the compressor. The air of the compressor will again pass to the cable, wrapping it around in the rubberized hose. In front of the pipe, heat it up with a gas burner 6. Control over the temperature of the heated air is done with a thermometer, installed in the opening 4.
Fig.5. Installation for connecting the cable
Vykoristannya gas sumishes in the winter hour rush through the trash evaporation of rare gases at low temperatures. To maintain the optimal pressure of gases, install a portable viparovuvannya installation, a gas cylinder that can be used for scaling at temperatures of the core up to - 20 ° С.
2.3 Methods for vibrating the ground support
The voltmeter measures the voltage between the pins X and Y and the ammeter - strum, which flows between the pins X and Z (div. fig. 11).
Using the formulas of Ohm's law E \u003d RI or R \u003d E / I, we can determine the ground electrode R.
For example, if E = 20 V and I = 1 A, then: R = E / I = 20/1 = 20 Ohm
When using a ground tester, it is not necessary to carry out digital calculations. The attachment itself generates the necessary strum and directly shows the value of the ground support.
For accurate vimіryuvannya the grounding support to place the additional electrode of the struma Z, reach far from the vibrating electrode in order to ensure that the potential on the additional electrode of the voltage Y goes beyond the boundaries of the zones of the effective support like the electrode X, which is re-verified, in such a way, in an additional way, in order to reverse the electric jet Z. to know beyond the boundaries of the zones of effective support of other electrodes, we carry out vimiryuvannya, changing yogo heating. If the additional electrode of the voltage Y is in the zone of the effective support of one of the smaller electrodes (or at the same time in both zones, if the zones overlap), then when changing the 1st rotation, the display of the device will significantly change and in this direction it is not possible to accurately determine the grounding ).
On the other side, as an additional voltage electrode Y spreading the position of the zones of the effective support (Fig. 13), then this displacement indication will change insignificantly. The cost and the best assessment of the grounding electrode X support. Often you walk in the distance to the electrode, which is being checked, approximately 62% of the time, in the additional electrode, the struma to the electrode, which is being checked.
Use of expanded methods for vimir support of the insulation of the SHPT:
The method of superimposing signals into a variable stream of a minimum frequency of the order of 1 - 10 Hz.
Method of compensating the constant storage voltage of the earth phase.
The method of superimposing signals of a permanent bipolar strum.
The method of overlaying signals of a permanent two-stage unipolar strum.
2.4 Appointment and control of relay protection devices and automation elements
Relay protection and automation - a collection of electrical devices that provide automatic control over the operation of the electric power system (EEC).
Relay protection (RZ) provides uninterrupted control over the camp of all elements of the electric power system and reacts to faults and abnormal modes. In case of a guilty poshkodzhenya RZ, it is possible to reveal a poshkodzhenu dіlyanka and turn it on її in the EEC, including on special forces vimikaci, recognized for rozmikannya strumіv ushkodzhennya.
При виникненні ненормальних режимів РЗ також повинна виявляти їх і в залежності від характеру порушення або відключати обладнання, якщо виникла небезпека його пошкодження, або робити автоматичні операції, необхідні для відновлення нормального режиму (наприклад, включення після аварійного відключення з надією на самоусунення аварії або резервне підключення ) eating), or to send a signal to the operational personnel, which may get used to the way to eliminate the abnormality.
Relay control is the main type of electrical automation, without which the normal operation of power systems is impossible.
The Sepam range is recognized for the protection of electrical appliances and low voltage lines.
The range includes 3 series of outbuildings that suit the most demanding users:
from the simplest to the most complex.
Sepam 1000+ series 40 provides a secure, highly efficient solution for the most demanding types of congestion related to squirt and stress mitigation and offensive functions:
Zakhist merezh with parallel inputs with a path of a straightened phase strum zakhist / or a straightened zakhist.
Earth flicker protection for all grounding systems from insulated, compensated or impedant neutral path direct flicker to earth flicker.
Zakhist merezh іz zmіnnoyu konfіguratsіyu slyakhomykannya different groups of settings and vikoristannya logical selectivity.
Carrying out all the necessary electrical switching: phase strum and zero sequence strum, voltage between phase and neutral, interphase voltage and zero sequence voltage, frequency, tension and energy.
Carrying out new diagnostics of the system: registration of up to 20 breakdowns in the power system, recording of reporting information about 200 remaining emergency alarms, registration of the context of 5 remaining connections.
Adaptation of functions to control additional editing of logical lines.
Adaptation of the system of emergency alerts to the point of being able to protect the skin to the point of zastosuvannya or folding the program of my coristuvach.
Sepam series 80
Intelligent solutions for all types of traffic
Sepam series 80 spe- cially razrobloniy for vymogi zastosuvannya on the great industrial objects of attachments of the Sepam series 80, it is safe for the nadіyny zahist of the rozpodіlny merezha and electrical machines.
Main characteristics:
zahist of the closed ring merezha and merezha with parallel inputs with vicoristannyam of the direct zahisto of the function of logical selectivity;
directing protection against flicker, adaptation to all neutral grounding systems: insulated, compensated or grounded through a resistor;
zahist transformer and block "electric machine & transformer";
differential zahist, sensitive and stable zavdyaki obezhennyam, scho introduced by neural netting;
povny zahist dvigun_v and generator_v_d vnutrіshnіh poshkodzhen;
differential protection of electrical devices, sensitive and stable, with interchange at start-up and at the expense of sensors;
vtrata zbudzhennya, 100% stator defense too thin;
vіd poshkodzhen, pov'yazanih іz robomu merezhі аbo protsess: vtrata synchronіzmu, control svidkostі, pomilkove sluzhennja mezhno;
vimiryuvannya coefficient of harmonics behind the strum and the voltage for assessing the quality of electricity;
42 inputs and 23 outputs for the implementation of management and control functions;
editor of logical lines, which creates special management functions;
2 ports of Modbus communication are wired for Sepam integration in 2 different ways or for redundancy;
replaceable cartridge for quick commissioning after replacing the low-cost base unit;
back-up element of life saving recordings of oscillograms of emergency modes.
3. Individual order
The order of registration of protocols for the testing and adjustment of electrical receivers and equipment
The skin phase of electrical wires, busbars, cables, windings and contacts of electrical devices must be carefully insulated from one type of external and grounding structures. However, from time to time during operation of the electrical installation, the electrical characteristics of the insulation change. On the old insulation, add the temperature of the heating of the conductors and the cool wind, the moisture content of the application, the switching overvoltage, which is blamed in the electric lances with those inductive elements, the durability of the hour of operation is meager. Such insulation sometimes does not show the rated voltage, after which an electrical breakdown occurs.
For that, for that, the elactrichnny of the oral, the Aparaty did not see the same at the Zv'yazka, the OPIR їKHAYALYASIAL WILL WITH THE LICE OF THE PROMENMENT OF THE NORMA, And such a thing in the electric extras did not get through the short zealous through the electric, Ids. the designated terms are up to the "Rules for the technical operation of electric stations in the area".
Qi testing is carried out, as a rule, during in-line and major repairs of electrical equipment. KRIM TO, MIGEMONTENI, Tobto vyprobuvannya, yaki allow viyaviti defect, viklikli in the process of subjunctiva of the subjuds of the cable linii, and the dedication of the cable defect, the zero is not allowed to have a zero navigation of the cubs.
For the skin condition, devices and devices must establish norms and support for insulation, as they are established by the "Rules for electrical installations".
For the purpose of isolation, two methods will be used: fixing the support of this electrical installation or the apparatus for the help of a megohmmeter, or rechecking will become an insulation increase, strictly normalized voltage.
Rice. 46. Megger: a- glowing look b- Simplified scheme: 1 - frame, 2 - inductor
When you check the insulation support with a megohmmeter (Fig. 46), the arrow of the first scale shows the insulation support of the device, or of the worker, which is being tested, the lansyuga. Framework 1 magnetoelectric systems live with a strum from the inductor 2 , which is wrapped around by hand. When you hit X1і x2 rozіknutі, strum pass only through the frame with additional resistor. R2 and the rotten part of the magnetoelectric system is installed in one of its extreme positions with a sign that signifies an infinitely great opir. How to close the zatiskachi X1і x2, Strum pide through another frame with an additional resistor R1. The system is rotten at times to be installed at the other extreme station, designated by the scale "0", then. vimiryuvany opіr dоrіvnyuvatime to zero. At the arrival of a vindicated support Rx to zatyskachi X1і x2 The system will move to the intermediate position between 0 and the arrow on the scale will point to the value of the support. The megohmmeter scale is graduated in kiloohms and megohms: 1 kOhm = 1000 Ohm; 1 MΩ = 1000 kΩ. As a dzherelo of a constant strum in megaohmmeters, put inductor generators of a constant strum with a manual drive from the handle.
The voltage on the ovnіshnіh zatiskachakh of the generator should lie in the frequency of the wrapping of the handle. For smoothing the coliving and wrapping, a central air regulator is installed at the drive.
The nominal frequency of the megohmmeter generator wrapping is 2 rev / s or 120 rev / min.
To connect a megohmmeter, vicorous wires should be connected to the PVL cores with moisture-proof insulation, otherwise the indication of a megohmmeter can be essential.
Megaohmmeters are issued with a nominal voltage on the clamps: Ml 101M - 500 and 1000 V, MS-05 - 2500 V.
When vimiryuvanni support insulation of long cable lines and windings of electrical machines and transformers, the indication of a megaohmmeter on the cob of the handle wrap is sharply reduced. This is explained by the presence of significant capacities in cable lines and electric machines, by which a jet charge can pass. Therefore, in such cases, with the use of a megaohmmeter for vimiryuvannya support іsoljatsії zahrovuyutsya prilad only after 60 s. from the cob of the handle wrap.
The dotik to the wounded lancet under the hour of wrapping the handle of the megaohmmeter attached to the lancet is unsafe and can be brought to a strum attack. That is why, when vimiryuvannyah, they live the necessary security, which includes the possibility of dotik people to electric lances.
In high-capacity installations (longer cable lines, high-pressure transformers) lances, which can be tolerated, may have a significant electric charge. Therefore, after removing the voltage from the megohmmeter, the lances are charged with an additional flexible copper rod to the ground, vicorist insulating rod for reaching the skin phase. In installations with a voltage of more than 1000 In the discharge of cables and great machines, they are wound in electric mittens and galoshes.
To test the insulation of the moving spring, zastosovuyut different devices of the vibrating and changing struma.
Most often, when testing insulation, a kenotron installation is installed, the principle diagram of which is shown in Fig. 47 a. She is mounted in the body of a car and has her own power supply. The positive pole of the kenotron lamp (anode) is grounded, and the negative pole (cathode) is connected to one of the phases of the electrical installation, which is tested (for example, a cable), at that time, as two other phases and the shell is grounded (Fig. 47, b). Kenotron vibrator insulation КІІ-70 is an installation that consists of a transfer control panel and a kenotron prefix. Vіn appointments for the testing of rare solid dielectrics with a voltage constant stream up to 70 kV. Changing the test voltage from 0 to 70 kV is carried out behind an additional regulator with an additional winding for live signal lamps. The kenotron prefix is assembled from the transformer and the kenotron, placed near the bakelite cylinder, filled with transformer oil. At the upper part of the prefix, a tri-boundary microammeter with a scale of 200, 1000 and 5000 μA is installed, and by switching between, it is suitable for vibrating the flow of the coil. The prefix maє vysnovki for the arrival of lanceugs in a steady stream of high voltage is the object that is being tested. In addition, the security apparatus is equipped with a maximum-strum zakhist with two settings: rude and sensitive.
Fig.47. Schemes of the kenotron installation: a- important b- testing the cable with a lead sheath; 1 - kenotron lamp, 2 - roasting transformer, 3 - Vimikach roasted, 4 - live jumper, 5 - life switch 6 - control transformer 7 - contactor, 8 - test transformer, 9 - lived cable, 10 - cable sheath
on the side of the higher voltage of the vibrating tester, with which it does not work as a weak strain at a voltage of 50 kV.
The setting is sensitive when there is a short circuit on the side of the higher voltage of the transformer. In this type of flow, the zahist is not guilty of spratsovuvat at a pressure of 70 kV and a secondary stream of 5 mA.
On the roof of the control panel, you can test the placement of an attachment for a maximum-strum blast, a switch for a maximum blast, a signal lamp, a kilovoltmeter.
For testing with a permanent strum, the kenotron prefix is installed on the front doors of the control panel and the object to be tested is connected to it. Apply a voltage to the control panel behind the auxiliary regulator, gradually moving it up to the test value. The voltage is controlled by the scale of the fixture, which is graduated in kilovolts (maximum). At the rest of the trial hour, the microammeter vibrates a strum turn.
Testing with a changeable streamer of the industrial frequency is carried out by the path of the object's arrival until the changerable streamer is introduced, after which the voltage is raised by the regulator to the testing one. Voltage control is based on the kilovoltmeter scale, which is graded at kilovolts.
The tension during testing is smoothly increased to the testing period and it is supported by a constant stretch of the testing period. The hour of testing was appointed by the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of the spigot and the rules of safety engineering during the operation of the electrical installations of the spozhivachiv" for the cutaneous type of obladnannya, devices such as kolivaetsya vіd 1 to 10 min.
PID Hour Hour of the Capital repair of pink -haired attenuations up to 1 sq. Kv, Yaki is carried out once by 3 rocks, OPIR IZOVAICAIVAV VIMIKACHIV, ROZ'DNUVAVIV, secondary Lancyugiv Aparaturi the support of the insulation in the power lances is due to the connection of electrical appliances, devices and fittings, and in the lighting railings - twisted lamps, in the form of plug sockets vimikachi, group shields for electrical appliances.
The least acceptable value of the support for the insulation of the secondary control lines, protection, signalization of relay-contact circuits, power and lighting electrical wiring, separate outbuildings, shields and jet ducts with a voltage of up to 1000 V, add 0.5 MOhm to the bus bars and 1 jet .
Driven by a voltage of 1000 with a stretch of 1 hv, the secondary lances of circuits for protection, control, signalization with the input devices (coils of drives, automatics, magnetic starters, contactors, relays, etc.) are connected. Opir _izoljatsiї akkumulyatornoї ї ї ї її її її installation may not be less:
Vimiryuvannya tension and voltage at the control points of the lighting system should be carried out once per river; opir isolation of portable transformers with a secondary voltage of 12 - 42 V is carried out once for 3 months, and stationary - once per river.
Vimikachi, roses, grounding knives, short-terminators, water-kremlin and їх lead at least once in 3 years at the same time with a major overhaul. The smallest permissible value of the support of the supporting insulation, measured with a megohmmeter for a voltage of 2.5 kV, at a nominal voltage of up to 15 kV, set 1000 MΩ and over 20 kV - 5000 MΩ. Testing of insulation vimikachiv with a voltage of up to 35 kV, driven by an elastic industrial frequency, vibrates with a pull of 1 min. Opir contacts of the constant strumu are immediately vimiryuetsya, which is to become: VMG-133 (1000 A) - 75 μOhm; VMP-10 (1000 A) - 40 μOhm; VMP-10 (1500 A) - Z0 μOhm; VMP-10 (600 A) - 55 μOhm.
Opir іzolyatsії pіdvіsnіh і insulators rich іsоlіyіv іmіruєєє megaohmmetru on narug 2,5 kV lishe for positive temperatures vkolishny poіtrya, moreover, opіrіїіїії ії іsolyatsії sіnії ії pіsіsnії insulator аbоr elements of the rod insulator can't be less than 300 MOhm.
The testing of the newly installed supporting rich-element and suspended insulators with a forced industrial frequency of newly installed supporting insulators is carried out with a voltage of 50 kV. The leather element of the ceramic insulator was tested with a stretch of 1 min, with organic material - 5 min. The single-element support insulators of the internal and external installations are supported by a moving pressure, indicated in Table 24, with a pull of 1 min.
Table 4
Stirovі insulators of busbar bridges with a voltage of 6 - 10 kV, supporting and suspended porcelain plates insulators, as well as contact connections of tires and connections to the equipment for the duration of the thermoindicators, must be tested once for 3 years. The testing of the insulation support of the bushings and passing insulators is carried out with a megaohmmeter at a voltage of 1000 - 2500 V at the bushings with paper-oil insulation. Opir іzolyatsії maє buti not less than 1000 MOhm. Insulators entering and passing through with a voltage of up to 35 kV are tested with an increased voltage, the value of which is shown in Table 5.
Vimiryuvannya support insulation rukhomi і direct parts, vykonanyh s organic materials, oil vimics of all classes of voltage is carried out with a megohmmeter at a voltage of 2500 V. 3000 MΩ.
Table 5
Testing the insulation of oil vimics with a voltage of up to 35 kV at a forced industrial frequency is carried out with a pull of 1 min. Viprobuvalna prymaetsya vіdpovіdno up to the data of Table 6.
Table 6
Opіr constant strum of contacts of oil vimics is not guilty of vibrating the data of the virobnik plant.
When testing oil vimics, the same characteristics are changed. Zі vimіri virobljayutsya for vimikaіv vsіh classes vpruga. Vimiryanі characteristics are due to the given virobnik plant.
After the repair of the insulation of the windings of power transformers at the same time from the inputs, it is necessary to test the energized coil with a commercial frequency of 50 Hz. Viprobuvalna napruga lie down in the form of repair and work (with change or without change of transformer windings).
The insulation of the skin winding, not electrically connected to the outside, must be tested okremo.
The value of the testing voltage at the industrial frequency of the struma of 50 Hz is shown in Table 7.
Table 7
Record the results of the test before the protocol. Qi data is necessary to compare the results with the results of previous tests carried out an hour before the first repair.
The testing of transformers after repair is carried out according to the entire program in the contract, passed by the statutory rules and regulations. In case of preventive tests, the insulation of the windings of power transformers is known to increase the voltage of the industrial frequency, up to Table 8, with a stretch of 1 min.
Table 8. Test voltages of internal insulation of oil-filled transformers
Opir windings for a permanent stream are reduced to all windings and can be adjusted no more than 2% of the amount given to the virobnik plant.
Rechecking of the transformation coefficient is carried out on all slabs of remembrance. Permissible allowances can become no more than 2% depending on the values taken away for the same reason at other phases, or depending on the production plant.
The minimum penetrating pressure of the oil, which is measured in a standard vessel before pouring into transformers and insulators, is 30 kV for voltages up to 15 kV, and 35 kV for voltages up to 15 kV.
For fresh oil before pouring the transformer, which is to be put into operation, perform a new chemical analysis using a special program.
Vimiryuvannya support of insulation effects and rods, based on organic materials, is carried out with a megaohmmeter at a voltage of 2500 V.
The insulation support of the primary windings of the winding transformers is carried out with a megaohmmeter for a voltage of 2500 V, and for the secondary windings - for 500 or 1000 V.
Falling into the support of the insulation of the primary windings of the transformer, and voltage up to 35 kV, the re-verification is carried out for the next value of the test voltage. As a rule of insulation for a voltage of 6 kV, the tested voltage is equal to 28.8 kV, the voltage of 10 kV is 37.8 kV, the voltage of 20 kV is 58.5 kV.
Trivality of testing the testing voltage for the primary windings of winding transformers - 1 min. Only for transformers struma with insulation made of solid ceramic materials or cable mast the strength of the test voltage is 5 min.
In dry reactors, the insulation of the windings should be fastened with a megaohmmeter for a voltage of 1000 - 2500 V. This value may not be less than 0.5 MΩ.
Porcelain insulation of the reactor, as well as zapobіzhnіv vische 1000 V, is controlled by a forced industrial frequency with a pull of 1 hv by the advance values of the test voltage: at a nominal voltage of 6 kV - 32 kV, at 10 kV - 42 kV, at 20 kV.
Opir _izoljatsії power cable lines vimіryuyut megaohmmeter on naprug 2500 V. Figure 48 shows the scheme of switching on the megaohmmeter when vimіryuvannі cable support. For power cable lines with a voltage of up to 1000 V opir іzolyatsії can not be less than 0.5 MΩ, and at a voltage of 1000 V opіr іzolyatsії is not standardized.
Testing with a megaohmmeter should be carried out until the next test of the cable with a forced voltage. Power cables with a voltage of 1000 V are connected to a moving, strained, straightened struma.
The testing voltage and the trivality of their susceptibility are shown in Table 9. The data of all tests and vimiryuvan are recorded in the journal of the test of electric control and protocols of test and vimiryuvan.
Table 9
Fig.48. Scheme of increasing the megohmmeter when vimiryuvanni cable support: a- a scheme for vimiryuvannya іzolyatsії shdo zemlі, b- scheme for the presence of surface streams in a turn, in- Vimiryuvannya іzolyatsії mіzh veins, 1 - megaohmmeter, 2 - cable
Tsі danі vykorivuyutsya for pіvnyannja at distant viprobuvannyah and vimirah. You can give the opportunity to analyze the status of the operation, to plan the hour of the necessary repairs to improve the support of the insulation, or to change the flow of turns, and thus increase the hour of operation of the operation in an accident-free mode.
Visnovok
In the course of virobnichoy practice, a low task was taken:
Consolidated that thorough knowledge and practical skills, got a good education;
Preparing for the knowledge and destruction of the professional and special disciplines;
Molding down and navichok at vikonnі elektromontazhnykh robіt;
Opening of the cob professional certificate.
At the time of the division "Characteristics of the business", they got acquainted with the structure of the management of the business, the rules of the internal labor order, the protection practice for the hour of operation of electrical installations and the planting shoes of the electrician of the IIIrd category.
In the course of practical work, electrical work was carried out at the enterprises, while they were introduced to a number of tools, attachments, equipment, and devices that are operated at the enterprises.
Also, the material was taken up before the completion of the individual order.
WAT "YUTEK - Bіloyarskiy" is the main enterprise for supplying electricity to the population of the area.
List of references
1. Rules for the installation of electrical installations: 7th view., Rev. I add. - M: Energoatomizdat, 2003. - 776 p.: il
2. Electrical equipment: At 3 volumes - M.: Vishcha shkola, 1986. - V.2 .: Electrical equipment and accessories / Pid. zag. ed. MEI professors (head editor I.M. Orlov) and in. 1986. - 712 p.
3. Faliliev N.A., Lyapin V.G. Design of electrical wiring. / Heading guide - M .: All-Union. s.-g. in-t otoch. enlighten, 1989. - 97p.
4. Rules for working with personnel in organizations of the electric power industry of the Russian Federation. Derzhbud of Russia. M: 2000
5. CD-ROM Dovіdnik elektrika
6. Katsman M.M. Electric cars. - M: Vishcha school, 1991.
7. Katsman M.M. Ker_vnitstvo to laboratory robots from electric machines and electric drive. - M: Vishcha school, 2000.
8. Konyukhova E.A. Electrical supply of objects. - M: Maysternist,
9. Neishtadt E.T. Laboratory workshop on the subject "Installation, operation and repair of electrical installations of enterprises and installations". - M: Vishcha school, 1991.
10. Neklenaev B.M., Kryuchkov I.P. Electric part of power stations and substations. - M: Energoatomizdat, 1987. - 608 p.
11. Postnikov N.P., Petrunenko G.V. Installation of electrical installations for industrial enterprises. Coursework and diploma project. - L. - Budvidav, 1991.
12. Dovіdnik z elektroprostachannya pridpriєmstv ed. Fedorova O.O. - M: Energoatomizdat, 1987.2001. – 320 s.
13. Tokarev B.F. Electric cars. - M: Energovidavnitstvo, 1989.
It's easy to send your harn to the robot to the basics. Vikoristovy form, raztastovanu below
Students, graduate students, young adults, like victorious base of knowledge in their trained robots, will be your best friend.
Placed on http://www.allbest.ru
INSTUP
Практика з профілю спеціальності є етапом професійної підготовки студентів щодо виконання державних вимог до мінімуму змісту та рівня підготовки випускників за спеціальністю «Технічна експлуатація та обслуговування електричного та електромеханічного обладнання» та спрямована на закріплення, розширення, поглиблення та систематизацію знань, отриманих при вивченні спеціальних дисциплін та mastered one or a few of the listed below disputed ones: electrician for the repair of electric metering, electric lusar for the repair of the owner of the power plant, electrician for the technical maintenance of the power plant and the electrician for the repair of the maintenance of the electric power plant
The main tasks of practice for the specialty 140613 є:
* Development of a professional mind
* Get rid of that skill for technical operation, maintenance and repair of electrical and electromechanical equipment (electricity, installation of power plants, power plants and facilities, etc.)
* Vіdpratsyuvannya vymіn vykonanny roblot z tekhnіchnі ї ekspluatatsії, obladovuvannya and repair of electrical and electromechanical equipment.
I. Zagalna part
1.1 History of business
"Gazprom transgaz Yugorsk", Yugorsk repair and maintenance department for repair, commissioning and installation of electrical and heat power equipment - a branch of the partnership with a fringe water supply.
Yugorsk Repair and Tax Administration is one of the most important, stable branches of the Partnership "Gazprom transgaz Yugorsk". Order No. 101 dated February 16, 1995, was established by the order for the transportation and supply of Tyumentransgaz gas at the warehouse: that heat and power engineering possession". The basis for the creation of the management was the firm "Yugorskelektrogaz" of the subsidiary joint-stock company "Elektrogaz" from the bush repair base near the metro station Yugorsk. At the time of the creation of the Yugorsky repair and tax administration, the number of practitioners was 79 osib, Urbakh Volodymyr Karlovich was recognized as the head of the administration, and from the fall of the leaves of 1995 to the year of 2008, Verzilov Viktor Andriyovich became a manager.
At the end of 1995, the drilling crews of the pivnіnі expedition expedition of the hydrogeological NTP "Tyumengaztekhnologiya" arrived at the warehouse of the Yugorsk Repair and Tax Administration.
In early 1996, a plant was created for the complex improvement of the boiler house and gas-burning complexes.
In the spring of 1997, the warehouse of the Yugorsky repair and tax management department took over the shop for underground repair of the Sverdlovin, the Nadimsky department for the production of gas, the Tyumentransgaz subsidiary.
On the cob of fierce 1998, the warehouse of the Yugorsky repair and taxation department took over the drilling of water sverdlovins and anode grounding facilities of the EHZ, the Nadimsky specialized repair and service department, Tyumentransgaz.
In early 1998, by order of the management, a geological service was created.
In early 1999, a repair and refurbishment plant was built near Biloyarsky.
In the fierce year of 2003, a workshop for the repair of ventilation systems and air conditioning of the Krasnotur'insky PTU "Tyumentransgazremont" was brought to the warehouse of the Yugorsk repair and tax department.
At the link with the reorganization and change of the company name of the Tyumentransgaz enterprise of the VAT Gazprom, for the time being, the Yugorsk repair and maintenance department of the Partnership for the Intermediate Water Distribution Gazprom Transgaz Yugorsk, especially Olegovich Boris 2.08.
За ці роки управління перетворилося на багатопрофільне підприємство, охопило всі регіони діяльності ТОВ «Газпром трансгаз Югорськ» та успішно справляється з поставленими завданнями завдяки наявності згуртованого висококваліфікованого персоналу, який має великий потенціал розвитку, спрямований на освоєння нових видів діяльності з метою забезпечення безперебійної, надійної. that safe robotic possession of gas transportation.
On September 1, 2010, the restructuring of the Yugorsky RNU took place, as a result, the branch of the DOAT "Elektrogaz" was approved, before which the following business was transferred:
Geological Service,
Dіlyanka z repair that drilling Sverdlovin near the warehouse.
From the repair work, that improvement of the electrical and technical equipment was transferred to Elektrogaz.
The group of taxation of the employees of the EHZ and the electrical equipment,
Two brigades from the repair of power transmission lines,
Group for the repair of transformers, equipment and electric motors.
So were the creations of the dilyanka:
1. USAT - a service station for administrative services,
2. Ultrasound - a dilyanka zakhistu mine.
1.2 Business mode
Rules of internal labor order
Yugorsk Repair and maintenance department is working until the upcoming schedule:
Five day working week
Mon - Thu: 8.30 - 18.00
Fri: 8.30 – 16.45
Sat - Sun: Weekend
Practitioner of goiter to follow the rules of internal order:
summarily win labor shoes;
to improve the discipline of practice;
dbaily put to the lane of acceptance;
dotrimuvatsya vstanovlenyh on pіdpriєmstvi rules vnutrishny order;
dorimuvatsya norms, rules and instructions for the protection of practice;
improve the level of qualification, sufficient for the vykonannya of their shoes for fah;
vikoristovuvat the entire working hour for vikonannya service obov'yazkіv;
at the same time, she accurately picks up the orders of her ker_vniki;
increase the productivity of work;
dotrimuvatisya technological discipline, able to protect the work, technology, safety and virobnichoy sanitation;
pass on to the practitioners, what is changing, working place, possession, standing at the right station;
correctly zastosovuvat kolektivnі and іndivіdualnі zasobi zakhistu;
dotrimuvatisya vstanovlenyh vmog shdo vodzhennya s machines and mechanisms;
Negainly remind your uninterrupted swindler about some unfortunate change, about becoming on the verge, about the signs of a professional illness, and also about the situation, as I am creating a threat to the life and health of people.
At the working hour, they are hindered by outsiders on the right, smoking at the service premises, shouting at the news, ringing the phone, drinking alcohol. Smoking is allowed only at specially designated places, and at specially designated places marked with a poster "Smoking place".
Vymogi shdo vykonannya regimen in practice and vіdpochinku
At Yugorsky RNU, it is more important to have a five-day working day from two days off.
The normal life of a working day cannot be overwhelmed by 40 years for a day.
An hour on the cob and the end of the work, interrupted for a break, and the orders are installed by the administration for the weather from the trade union committee.
When changing the original minds of the worker (the work mode, about the installation or skasuvannya nepovannyh working hours, the confusion of professions and others), the worker is guilty of but podomleny not later, lower for 2 months.
Getting a practitioner to work at weekends and holy days is only allowed at the winery days, passed by legislation, with the permission of a competent professional body. (Labor Code of the Russian Federation - article 113).
The emergency admission is supposed to be open to practitioners until the schedule of admission, hardened at the chest in front of the fate. Rescheduling on an empty basis is allowed only on the application of the practitioner only with the permission of the administration.
All practitioners are entitled to free permits from the savings of work (plant) and the average salary (Labor Code of the Russian Federation - Article 114).
The worker hopes to have a basic paid admission permit for 28 calendar days, and a secondary paid allowance for a limited work permit for 7 calendar days.
Pratsіvnikam for їх application nadayutkova dodatkova vіpadka vіpadki:
practitioners, we will work on robots from shkіdlivimi minds of work;
workers from irregular working hours;
practitioners, yakі pratsyut near the regions of the Kraynoi Pvnochі and the relatives of the masses to them;
in other ways, transferred by legislation and a collective agreement.
Admissions, transfers at the established order due to the timing of non-sales, or at the link with vagity and canopies, are not included in the account of the wide admissions.
The admission for the first day of work is hoped for by workers after the completion of six months of uninterrupted work on this business.
1.3 Variable business structure
The main elements of the industrial structure of the enterprise are jobs, plots, workshops.
The primary vene of the organized vibrantsa is the Roboche Misza - part of the Vobroschi Vobroschi, de Robizhnik submarine Robizyvyvyvy Vikonov Vikon, the product of the product of the service, vicorista at the Tsomo Vidpovydn, this technology of the Office.
Jobs are classified according to different signs.
Working place, recognized until the end of the operation, we will forgive. It can be single-aggregate and multi-aggregate (bagato-stand). In the case of multiple collapsible functions in hardware processes (blast furnace, converter, etc.), the working areas are combined into a complex and simple separation of functions.
Fallow in the step of the territorial reinforcement, one can see the working places of the stationery and transport.
Depending on the diversity of manhood, the working jobs are subdivided into universal and specialization.
A group of working places, tied together for the virobnic part of the forging process, or for concluding the same operations, unite at the foreman's quarters. Vyrobnichi dilyanki can unite in workshops, or for a non-shop structure at virobnichia alone.
Yugorsk RNU consists of advancing plots:
AUP - Administrative and management personnel
UEO - electric power dealer -
The company is engaged in a number of types of activities:
Repair and adjustment of electrical equipment
Installation of electrical and lighting railings
Maintenance and repair of the electricity supply chain of the Yugorsky RNU
The dealership is engaged in the selection of applications that need to be in the form of a dispatcher of the DMU, the regulatory maintenance of the electric power and the security forces.
The manager of the business is the head of the business and the intercessor of the competent power engineer at their sub-ordering, they change two techniques, in order to work with regulatory documents, with the control of the management of the documentation of the business. And also, they have electricians in their order, so that they can do all kinds of work and work, as they put a control device and a dispatch service on the lot.
USAT - Dilyanka Utrimannya administrative objects
The business is engaged in the maintenance of administrative facilities. See the activities: Keeping order in the middle of the territory of the objects.
URNVіK - Dіlyanka Repair and Improvement Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Dealer, which is engaged in repair, installation, adjustment of ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration equipment.
ROZUM - Dilyanka mekhanizatsiy
I will help other dealers of automotive equipment.
TTU - Teplo - Tekhnіchna dilyanka
The businessman is responsible for servicing the boiler house and sewerage facility, assigned to the Yugorsky RNU, to carry out repairs, installation, and improvement of this facility.
Ultrasound - Dilyanka Zahistu Maina
Dіlyanka, which vouches for the conservation of objects and the lane, which is located on the territory of the Yugorsky RNU
TsKPRS - Sverdlovin overhaul workshop
Workshop for the maintenance of water Sverdlovin, branches of the State Customs Union
REU - Repair and Maintenance Department
Dіlyanka to carry out repairs and maintenance of the facilities of the Yugorsky RNU.
1.4 Organization of work that is carried out during the period of in-line operation
Seemingly small work, yakі vykonuyutsya protyazh robochoї zmіni and allowed to vyrobnitstvu in the order of in-line operation, owe utrimuvatisya in zadalegіd razdalegіd and signed by the head power engineer of the EBU.
Perelik robot:
repair of other electrical appliances (electric motors, electric heaters toshcho)
repair of fixed magnetic stations and control units, supervision of the switchgear of electrical machines
znyatya and installation of electric chillers, other accessories and equipment
replacement of zapobіzhnikіv, repair of lighting electrical wiring and fittings, replacement of lamps and cleaning of lamps, hanging at a height of not more than 2.5 m
other robots that are stationed on the territory of the organization, at the service and living quarters, warehouses, storage facilities, too.
Guidance perelіk robit not є vycherpnym and may be additions to the decisions of the kerіvnik of the organization. The translation can be assigned, as robots can be vikonuvatsya unilaterally.
Organization of work on the operation of electrical installations
Zagalni vimogi
Electrical wiring - a set of wires and cables with fastenings, installation and fixing parts, which lie before them, laying on the surface or in the middle of the structural elements of the building and spores.
An electrical installation is a complex of mutual possession of that spores, appointments for the generation or transformation, transmission, distribution and distribution of electrical energy.
Electrical installation - a collection of electrical outbuildings, connected by flashing signs. Signs of ob'ednannya, zalezhno vіd zavdan, maybe buti: recognized, for example, technological; wash zastosuvannya, for example, near the tropics; dependency of an object, for example, a verifier, a workshop.
Exploitation - a stage of the life cycle of the virobu, de realizuetsya, pіdtremuєtsya chi vіdnovlyuєtsya yogo yakіst.
Technical service - a complex of operations or operations for the improvement of efficiency, or the ability to cope with victories for recognition, honing, savings and transportation.
Electrical protection - zasib protection, appointments for electrical safety.
Roboti, Vico Viconing in the order of the Pravalutski - Low -Great for the scouring (no more than one snakes) repairing the technical maintenance of the technical service, Vico in the elective -installations of an organized, operational personnel in the consolidated reinfected reinforced
The rules may be on the basis of safety, security and rational operation of electrical installations and the improvement of them at the right station.
Правила поширюються на організації, незалежно від форм власності та організаційно-правових форм, індивідуальних підприємців та громадян - власників електроустановок напругою понад 1000 В. Правила не поширюються на електроустановки електричних станцій, блок-станцій, підприємств електричних та теплових мереж, що експлуатуються відповідно до Правил technical operation of electric stations
Investigation of that appearance of damage at robotic electrical installations is carried out in a regular manner until the restoration of power.
Investigation of unfortunate events related to the operation of electrical installations and installations at facilities under the control of the state energy watchdog should be carried out in accordance with proper legislation.
The operation of electrical equipment, including the number of on-button electrical appliances that require a binding certificate, is allowed only for the presence of a certificate of integrity on the whole electrical equipment of that on-button electrical appliance.
Obov'yazki vikonannya rules.
The operation of electrical installations may require training of electrical personnel.
The energy service is being created in the fall due to the complexity of work in the operation of electrical installations, as it is staffed with qualified electrical personnel.
It is allowed to carry out the operation of electrical installations under a contract from a specialized organization.
For the uninterrupted vikonannya functions of the organization of the operation of electrical installations, the businessman is guilty of recognizing the supreme responsibility for the electric state, as well as the person who replaces him.
For the presence for the undertaking, plant the head power engineer of the obov'yazka of the power supply of the given undertaking, call, rely on it.
For damage to robotic electrical installations, carry a personal certificate:
Pratsivniki, yakі without intermediary service of electrical installations, - for the damage that was caused by their own fault, as well as for the incorrect liquidation of damage by them at the robotic electrical installations on the dealership, which are serviced.
Pratsіvniki, yakі to carry out repairs of possession, - for damage to the robot, caused by a low repair rate
Clerical officers and fahіvtsі energy services - for damage to the robots of electrical installations, which were due to their own fault, as well as through unsatisfactory and unsatisfactory technical maintenance and nevikonannya anti-emergency entries
Quarters and fahivtsі of technological services - for disruption in the operation of the electrotechnological possession.
Vidpovіdalnіst pratsivnіvnіv for damage to the robotic electrical installations may be specified in the planter's instructions.
The leather practitioner, having revealed the damage, as well as commemorating the malfunction of the electrical installation or having contributed to the defense, is guilty of negligently repairing his uninterrupted stone worker, and for this reason - the standing stone worker.
Commissioning of electrical installations
New or reconstructed electrical installations and start-up complexes are due to be taken into operation in accordance with the procedure laid down in regulatory documents
Prior to installation or reconstruction of electrical installations, it is necessary:
Take the technical mind in the energy postal organization
Vikonati project documentation
Wait for the project documentation with the energy supply organization, which the technical mind has seen, that body of the sovereign energy visually
Before the commissioning of electrical installations, the following must be carried out:
In the period of everyday life and installation of an energy facility - intermediate priymannya vozlіv poslavnannya sporud
Priyomozdavalnі testing obladnannya and start-up and testing testing of okremi systems of electrical installations
Comprehensive testing of possession
Before the initial and start-up trials, and complex trials, the possession of power may be reconsidered, the rules of the power installations, the rules of the state, the rules of the government, the rules of safety of work, the rules of vibuhota of fire safety.
To carry out start-up work and testing of electrical control, it is allowed to turn on electrical installations according to the design scheme on the basis of a time permit, seen by the authorities of the power authority
With a comprehensive testing of the possession, it is possible to carry out a trial of the possession of technological schemes, the safety of their operation; re-verification and adjustment of all control and management systems, installation of protection and blocking, installation of signalization and control and control devices were carried out.
Defects and shortcomings, admitted in the course of everyday life and installation, as well as defects in possession, revealed in the process of initial and commissioning tests, integrated testing of electrical installations, due to the commissioning. The commissioning of electrical installations with defects and shortcomings is not allowed.
Before testing and accepting the guilty, prepare your mind for reliable and safe operation of the energy facility:
Staffing, training (with reverification of knowledge) electrical and electrical technology personnel
Broken down and approved operational instructions, instructions for the protection of work and operational schemes, technical documentation for the appearance of that zvіtnosti
Preparation and testing of supplies, tools, spare parts and materials
Introduced into the function of communication, signaling and fire extinguishing, emergency lighting and ventilation
The supply of voltage to electrical installations is only possible if I allow it to be approved by the authorities of the state energy watchdog.
Wimogi to the staff and yoga training
The operation of electrical installations is responsible for the preparation of electrical personnel
The electrical engineering staff of the enterprises is subdivided into:
Administrative and technical (organization of operational switching, repair, installation and maintenance work in electrical installations and takes an uninterrupted fate in these robots; this staff has the rights of operational, repair and operational repair)
Operational (implementation of operational management of the electrical state of the enterprise, workshops, as well as operational maintenance of electrical installations)
Repair (which vikonuє all kinds of work for the repair, reconstruction and installation of electricity)
operational and repair
Обслуговування електротехнологічних установок (електрозварювання, електроліз, електротермія тощо), а також складного енергонасиченого виробничо-технологічного обладнання, при роботі якого потрібне постійне технічне обслуговування та регулювання електроапаратури, електроприводів, ручних електричних машин, переносних та пересувних електроприймачів, переносного електроінструменту, має здійснювати електротехнологічний персонал .
Vіn is to blame for the mother of a sufficient navichika that knowledge for a carefree vikonannya robit that technical service assigned to him installation.
Caregivers are responsible for technical maintenance of staff and control over yoga work.
Maintenance, repair, modernization and reconstruction
Technical service - the whole complex of operations or operation for the improvement of the efficiency or the ability to cope with vikoristanny for recognition, improvement, savings and transportation.
At the head of the technical service, you can also enter the security service, which will not require in-line repair of the renovation of the workmanship, or the maintenance of the fence, which is included, is one of the most important preventive visits. Properly organized technical service is a guarantee of a wireless operation.
The obsyag of technical maintenance and scheduled repairs is due to the need to improve the practicality of electrical installations, to periodically update them and bring them to the changing minds of work.
On all types of repairs of the main possession of electrical installations, there may be folded by the head power engineer, river plans (graphics), which are hardened by a technical engineer.
Technical maintenance and repair can be carried out after the results of technical diagnostics with the functioning of the technical diagnostics system - the completeness of the object of diagnostics, the process of diagnostics and vicons, preparing for diagnostics and establishing documentation in accordance with the rules
To such documentation lie: the Galusian standard (OST), the leading key document (WRD), the regulations, the standard of business (STP) and other documents.
This document, folded up to the official rules of the authorities of the state supervision and state standards, describes the entire procedure for carrying out a technical diagnosis and making a technical diagnosis. The document is folded according to the types of electrical installations.
After the completion of the established normative and technical documentation, the term of service of all technological systems and electric power is subject to a technical review by the commission with an assessment method, I will establish lines of further work and minds of operation.
The results of the commission's work are shown in the act and technical passports of technological systems and electrical control with obov'yazkovym assigned a line of a distant look.
A technical review can also be carried out by specialized organizations.
Structural changes in the electrical control of the devices, as well as changes in the electrical circuits for the hour and a half of the repair are subject to the approved technical documentation.
The control, which should be introduced after the repair, is due to be tested in accordance with the norms of testing the electrical control.
Special testing of the operational control is carried out according to the schemes and programs approved by the head power engineer.
If defects are detected, which change the normal robotic state, the repair is considered to be unfinished until these defects are fixed and re-tested.
For the same time, the head of the repair staff is responsible for the mother of the warehouse, the mains and other auxiliary premises, as well as the outbuildings, for testing and vimiryuvan, incl. for carrying out early diagnosis of defects, for example, vibroacoustic accessories of thermal imagers, stationary and transfer laboratories, etc.
Methodical instructions on how to test the electric control
The Norms zastosovuyutsya so understand:
Vibration pressure of the industrial frequency - the value of the voltage of the variable stream is 50 Hz, as it can be vibrated by the stretching of the given hour of the inner sound of the electrical insulation for the singing minds of the test.
Viprobuvalna vipryamlena napruga - the amplitude value of the voltage, which is applied to the electrical setting by stretching the given hour for the singing minds of viprobuvannya.
Electrical control with normal insulation - electrical control, designed for zastosuvannya in electrical installations, weak to di atmospheric overvoltage, with normal entries along the bliskavkozakhistu.
Electrical control with lightened insulation is electrical control, which is more suitable for stasis in electrical installations that are not weak to dim atmospheric overvoltages, or with special entries from a blisskavkozakhistu, which is to measure the amplitude of atmospheric overvoltages to a value that does not overvoltage the frequency.
Non-standardized vimiryuvana value - a value that is absolutely significant, as it is not regulated by the norms.
Indicated for other types of electrically controlled testing, the frequency of testing is recommended and may be changed by the decisions of a technical kerrivnik.
The norms of testing the electric power of foreign companies are to blame for the improvement of the statements of the virobnik company.
The electrical installation after the repair is tested in obsyaz, which is determined by the norms. Prior to the beginning of the repair, testing and testing are carried out to establish an obligation on the nature of the repair, as well as for the completion of holidays, with which the results of post-repair testing and testing are determined.
Obsyag and periodicity of testing and simulating the electrical installation of electrical installations during the warranty period of the work are to be accepted in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturing plants.
Visnovok about the applicability of electrical control to operation is seen more than once on the basis of the results of testing and vimiryuvan іz norms, and for the succession of the results of the tests carried out, virіryuvan and looking around.
The values of the parameters, taken away during testing and testing, are due to the results of testing of the same type of electrically controlled or electrically controlled phases, as well as to the previous results of testing and testing, including the latter values.
If the elastic industrial frequency vibrates without a busbar in the form of electrical control, then the value of the test voltage is taken for the norms for electrical control with the lowest test voltage.
Testing and testing are carried out according to programs (methods), approved in the established order (recommended) documents, typical methodical instructions for testing that testing.
The program is responsible for the transfer, come in for a safe and secure work.
The results of testing, testing and testing may be formalized by protocols or acts, which are taken together from passports for electric power.
Before carrying out testing and testing of electrical control (behind the vinyatka of machines, which are being wrapped, which are in operation), the surface of the surface of the insulation is to be cleaned in the saw and wood, the crime is silent, if the control is not carried out in the possession of a method that is not in use.
При вимірі параметрів ізоляції електрообладнання повинні враховуватися випадкові і систематичні похибки, зумовлені похибками вимірювальних приладів і апаратів, додатковими ємностями та індуктивними зв'язками між елементами вимірювальної схеми, впливом температури, впливом зовнішніх електромагнітних і електростатичних полів на вимірювальний пристрій. When vimiryuvanni struma turn (struma conduction) at different times, you need to turn on the pulsation of the rectified voltage.
Electrical equipment, rejected at a glance, regardless of the results of testing and reconditioning, may be replaced or repaired.
Результати випробування підвищеною напругою вважається задовільним, якщо при додатку повної випробувальної напруги не спостерігалося ковзних розрядів, поштовхів струму витоку або плавного наростання струму витоку, пробоїв або перекриттів ізоляції, і якщо опір ізоляції, виміряний мегомметром, після випробування залишилося
Thermal imaging control will be carried out as far as possible for the electrical installation as a whole
Technical diagnostics of electrical installations
Head of technical diagnostics:
Designated by the mind of the technical state
Search for trouble spots
Forecasting the technical state
Wash technical diagnostics:
Set indications and diagnostic characteristics
Ensure the connection of the electrical installation to technical diagnostics
Expand and improve diagnostic safety
Indicators and characteristics of technical diagnostics
The following diagnostic indicators are being restored:
Indicators of accuracy and reliability of diagnosis
Indicators of technical and economic
The following diagnostic characteristics are restored:
The nomenclature of the parameters of the electrical installation allows you to designate її technical camp (with the specified type of technical camp of the electrical installation).
Glibina on the basis of the place of the fault, as it is indicated by the equal structural folding of the warehouse parts or the alteration of the elements, to be exact, to the extent that it may be, the place of the fault is indicated (when the search is made of the fault).
The nomenclature of parametrіv virobu, scho to give the ability to predict yogo technical state (with the predicted technical state).
The nomenclature of diagnostic parameters is due to the satisfaction of the vast majority, informativeness and accessibility at the lowest cost to the hour and cost of implementation.
1.5 Help protect the work
The pristry of electrical installations is guilty of complying with the rules for improving electrical installations, budding norms and rules, state standards, rules for the safety of work and other regulatory and technical documentation
Get a defense, a tool and an attachment, which is to be carried out during the maintenance and repair of electrical installations due to the satisfaction of the authorities of the highest state standards and official rules for the establishment and testing of the defense.
At work places, there are first-aid kits and first-aid bags with a set of medicines. The stock of medicines with improved terms of applicability may be constantly renewed
When carrying out budіvelno-assembly, taxation and repair work on working electrical installations by third-party organizations, owing to the breakdown of the bedrooms, come in at any time to ensure the safety of work, sanitation, vibro- and fire safety, to operate in the interoperability of the personal tavel-installation.
Pozhezhna safety of electrical installations, budіvel ta sporud, in such stench of placement, is guilty of complying with the lawful rules of fire safety (PPB), as well as galuzev rules that protect the particularities of okremih virobnitstv.
Electrical installations may be equipped with the first fire extinguishing equipment
При експлуатації електроустановок повинні вживатися заходи для попередження або обмеження шкідливого впливу на навколишнє середовище викидів забруднюючих речовин в атмосферу та скидів у водні об'єкти, зниження звукового тиску, вібрації, електричних та магнітних полів та інших шкідливих фізичних впливів та скорочення споживання води з природних джерел
Storage and storage of toxic emissions on the territory is not allowed
The operation of electrical installations without attachments, in order to ensure the maintenance of the established sanitary norms and rules and environmental protection, or with faulty outbuildings, which cannot ensure the maintenance of these, is not allowed.
II. main part
Installation of lighting equipment. In the order of in-line operation, the dismantling of the old (or may be defective) lighting equipment is carried out. Before the beginning of the installation, it is necessary to carry out organizational and technical preparations to get ready for work, so that the necessary switch-on and life-saving changes are made to change the supply of voltage to the robotic space due to the mild and mimic switching on of the switching equipment. To the warehouse robot enter, dismantling - installation of wiring, vimics, lamps, rose boxes.
Installation of the ground loop. Grounding - the price of navmisne elektrichne za'dnannya, whether it's a point of a fence, electrical installations or possession of a grounding outbuilding. Installation of grounding extensions consists of subsequent operations: installation of grounding conductors, laying of grounding conductors, installation of grounding conductors in one by one connection of grounding conductors to grounding conductors and electrical installation.
Vertical grounding pipes made of end steel and defective pipes are burried at the soil with hammering or indentation, from round steel - with twisting or indentation. Cі robots vykonuyut for additional mechanisms and attachments, for example: copra (driving into the ground), attaching to the drill (screwing into the ground of the shear electrodes), the PZD-12 mechanism (screwing into the ground of the ground electrodes).
Reading the testimony from the electricity supplier
Topping up transformer oil
Carried out revision of the sensors in the fire alarm
Establishing the causes of the failure of the frequency changer
Revision of batteries
Work with documentation, completion of regulatory documents
Virobnitstvo heating with a blowtorch of the rotor to remove the bearing
Replacement of cartridges at the lighting fixtures
Cleaning the contact groups of the power shield
Preparation of new illumination
Individual task:
Selection of data for the course work from the feasibility study on the topic:
"Revision of transformers"
Headlines about transformers
Purpose of transformers
A static electromagnetic device is called a transformer, which transforms a changeable stream of one voltage, a changeable stream of another voltage and frequency. Transformers make it possible to significantly increase the voltage, vibrated by the coils of the strum, installed at electric stations, and to enable the transmission of electricity to distant places at high voltages (110, 220, 500, 750 and 1150 kV). Zavdyakov tsyomu greatly change the energy consumption of the wires and ensure the possibility of a significant change in the area of the cross section of the wires of the power transmission lines.
The MISTSYS SSZHIVANNE ELEKTRENERGIA POPLOSE, SOS IS SIME OF THE LECOUSH LINII EXPROPRECH, SNOVAS IN THE PEACETIVASENTS UNDER BEFORE BEAUTION (127, 220, 380 I 660 V), YAIKY PROTSYURIY ELEKTRICHY SPECHICHIS, INSTARITIONS, In the BARTS, in the depot. On f.s. Transformers are to be installed to change the stream to change the voltage, which is supplied from the contact line to the traction motors and auxiliary lances.
Crimean transformers, which are used in transmission systems and distribution of electricity, the industry produces transformers: traction (for power supply), for rectifier installations, laboratory voltage regulation, for living radio equipment and other. Usі qі transformers are called power.
Transformers vikoristovuyut also for the inclusion of electrical appliances at the stake of high voltage (they are called electrically electrical), for electrical welding and other purposes.
Revision of transformers
power transformers For these transformers with a voltage of up to 35 kV, the revision of the active parts of the DSTU has not been transferred for consideration, and for the time being, it has been submitted to him that “Instructions for the transportation, saving, installation and commissioning of transformers for a voltage of up to 35 kV without revision of their active parts”.
Umovy installation without revision є: dotrimannya vymog schodo rozvantazhennya, transportation and saving of the transformer; the presence of external faults (because of the results of the review) and internal defects (due to the elimination of the transformer during the installation process). Decisions about the installation of the transformer without revision are accepted on the basis of documents, storage when releasing, transporting, saving and accepting the transformer for installation with the folded certificate of approval. If the DSTU is damaged, and the instructions, if any malfunctions are detected, they cannot be used without reopening the transformer, to revise the active part.
The revision is near the socket, looking at the transformer overturning, the identified faults and the sealing of the first active part after the completion of the revision. As soon as an hour of looking around the opened transformer, defects are revealed, which explains the method of carrying out the revision at home, the installation of the fallow in the design of the transformer and the nature of the defect.
Some metal parts (bolts, nuts, washers) were used up in the middle of the transformer, it is necessary to lift the active part and pour oil from the tank. Therefore, with robots tied around the socket of the transformer, it is necessary to carefully handle nuts, bolts, washers, cotter pins and other parts, and tie the hand tool so as not to let it into the transformer. Fallen into the tank, that non-combustible metal parts can lead to a transformer failure.
As a transformer insulation mill, it is necessary to dry, the revision should be carried out after the drying is completed. Transformers will be examined more rarely to give revisions, but if necessary, not electrical installers, but a specialized organization or electrician-exploiter, in accordance with the instructions.
After revisions (like it was vibrating) they clean the tank frame from the cracks and the surpluses of the old gorges. Poshkodzhenі gaskets are replaced with new ones from oil-resistant rubber or other types of seals. The gum pad behind the additional gum glue is installed on the surface wiped with gasoline. Place cork, klingerite and other gaskets on any varnish.
The inner surface and the bottom of the tank are cleaned from the ground and washed with dry transformer oil. Radiator taps look around, clean and close. When preparing the tank, smoothly lower the active part, safely reaching the horizontal position on the slings. If the windings are turbid, the active part is washed with dry oil and lowered into the tank. Residually install the tank cap on the sealing gaskets, evenly tightening the bolts around the perimeter of the cap. To re-arrange the opening in the tank, the lids and gaskets are cored with conical mandrels, which are inserted into the opening with the frames of the tank. After revision, fill the transformer tank through the lower edge with dry and clean transformer oil.
Expanders, which are transported, exhaust pipes, radiators are made at the manufacturing plant, tested, tested and sealed. Try and wash at the installation site only if there are signs of damage or damage to the sealing. In this way, before installation, the radiators are flushed with transformer oil and squeezed with oil in the pipes, which is finer in height from the lower point of the radiator attachment to the upper point of the oil degreaser plus 0.5 m. With the appearance of a leak, a defective place is brewed with autogen and repeated testing. After testing the radiators, wash it with transformer oil (temperature 40-50 ° C) through a centrifuge (separator) or filter-press until smudges appear on the filter paper. Flanges of radiators are closed with plugs on gaskets. In case of reworking of the oil sump and expansion on the tekt, pour excess oil through the mud and wash the inner surface with dry and clean oil. Corks and oil can be easily rinsed in oil. The presence of control smugs is reverified, which is similar to olives at 35.15 and -35 ° C. The internal empty of the expansion chamber is cleaned in the form of oil and thoroughly washed with dry olives.
For transformers of the remaining design, cleaning should be carried out through a removable cover. They check the correctness of the glass membrane, the exhaust pipe, the narrowing, the superiority of the brewing area. The squeezing disk of the membrane is squeezed in between two humic spacers with a thickness of 4-5 mm. The defective membrane is replaced with a new, folded, folded membrane of 2.5-4 mm. The inner surface of the pipe is cleaned with a saw and a saw. From the lower flange of the pipe, the old indentations are seen, the cork is re-examined for releasing, which is located under the upper flange of the pipe. After that, the tightness of the pipe is checked, filling it with transformer oil for 3 years.
On the cob of revision, the following are taken into account: a) for transformers that are transported with oil, - on the cob of oil; b) for transformers. that are transported without oil, - open the covers or be it plugs. The audit is considered completed from the moment of sealing the tank before pouring the oil. Roztin be-like plugs (for the installation of a thermometer only) are not subject to insurance.
Robots, yakі vykonuyutsya during the revision of the transformer. When revising the transformer, it is necessary to reconsider and use the revealed errors, viconate the work at the sequence assignment:
install the transformer horizontally and evenly;
check the tightness of the seal;
remove the plugs on the roofs and walls of the transformer tank; check the station of the indicator silica gel and take a sample of excess oil from the bottom of the tank (for transformers that are transported without oil);
remove paper-bakelite cylinders for the introduction of 110 kV, fixed on plugs; before installing the cylinders at the inputs, save them in oil or in a sealed package;
5) remove the transport fastening of the active part to the tank, loosen the gaps, as if the stench is transferred to the transformer design;
remove the switch and switch the switches, and also turn on the switches, switch the switches to the contactors, so that the stench switches between the active part and the significant part of the tank, and the time of the revision switches the switches in the oly or in hermetic packaging;
reverify the reinforcement of the water supply, as if you could buti pdv'yazan in such a way that not to overwhelm the pidyoma of the active part or call;
connect the grounding of the active part to the tank, so that it is possible to change the connection between the active part and the call;
remove the cover and lift the active part or the rod; when loosening the rest of the tank cap, let the bolts evenly along the entire perimeter. Conduct a walk through to the openings, pointing at the overall seat of the transformer;
install the active part (or call) on wooden pads; install timing racks to ensure the safe operation of the active part;
the removal of transport reinforcement of the waterways, keruyuchis vkazіvkam, pointing at the armchairs;
re-tightening the available tie rods of the yokes, fastening of the inputs, jumpers and other elements of the active part; loosen the tightening nuts; re-tighten the pressure screws and jack-type bolts for axial winding pressing; tightening the screws and jacks vykonuvat evenly over the whole stake, after which tighten the locknuts;
look at the insulation of the accessible parts of the windings, inputs, jumpers (their contact surfaces) and other elements;
review the grounding scheme behind the chairs;
vimirati opіr _izoljatsії: all tie rods of the yokes along with the active part and yoke beams; yoke beams with active steel; continuous ring of active steel and yoke beams; electrostatic screens (like the stench of the transformer structure) about the windings and the magnetic circuit;
before the cob of the designation of vimiryuvan vіd'єdnati zazemlyuvalnі taverns in one s mіsts z'єdnannya; after vikonanny vimiryuvan put them on a lot of months;
16) measure the ACJC value with the EB-3 or PKV-7 tool; the value of DS / C and the increase in the value of DS / C, vymiryanі, for example, on the cob revision (pointing to the same temperature.
installation of an earthed transformer
WISNOVOK
The practice for the profile of specialty was passed by me at the Yugorsky RNU, at the UEO division. Zagalom zavdannya practice buli vykonanі.
Before the cob of practice, before me were placed the goals, which I have little reach, and the task was appointed:
Expansion of professional mind;
Pridbannya reduce and learn from technical operation, maintenance and repair of electrical and electromechanical equipment;
Vіdpratsyuvannya vymіn vykonannya routine work z technical exploitation, maintenance and repair of electrical and electromechanical equipment
Vminnya pratsyuvati with normative documentation
The head of the school was vikonan, krіm tsgogo, I also learned how to work with the new team, I proved myself good.
Practice is necessary for the well-being of professional men and women who are powerful in my profession. In practice, the knowledge of that vminnya was consolidated, taken away in the process of developing the disciplines “Electropostachannya”, “TEO”, “Electrical Engineering”, “Electrical Equipment”, “Electric Machinery”, which are developed in colleges, and also denounced practical and professional skills for the formation of special.
At the process of practice, I was afraid and took a direct part in the assembly robots. So I remember that the theory, learned in lectures, is practically stubborn and is the basis for the theory of work.
Presumably, one can say that I worked hard and learned a lot of things, and I can’t stop myself from reaching the results.
addendum
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