assertionsta introductions u diyu

Decree of the Derzhstandart of the SRSR

STATE STANDARD SPLIT RSR

SYSTEM OF STANDARDS FOR WORK SAFETY

ELECTRIC SAFETY.

ZAKHISNEGROUNDING. NULL

Occupational safety standards system.

electric safety.

Protective conductive earth, neutralling

GOST 12.1.030-81

Group T58

Term dії

1. Broken down and brought in by the Ministry of Assembly and Special weekly work SRSR.

Vikonavtsi: R.M. Karyakin, Doctor of Engineering sciences; V.A. Antonov, Ph.D. tech. sciences (books of topics); OK. Konovalova; VC. Dobrinin; V.I. Sontsiv; M.P. Ratner, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.P. Korovin; A.I. Kustov; V.I. Sirovatka, Dr. Sc. sciences; A.I. Jacobs, Dr. tech. sciences; V.I. Bocharov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.M. Ardasenov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences.

2. Approved and introduced to the Decree of the Sovereign Committee of the SRSR for the standards of 15.05.1981 N 2404.

3. Possible normative and technical documents

──────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────

──────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────

GOST 12.1.013-78│1.3

4. Revisited (leaf fall 1988) from Zminoy N 1, hardened by birch 1987 (IVD N 7-87).

5. Revised in 1987. The term to the standard was extended until 07/01/1992 (Resolution to the State Standard of the SRSR dated 03/27/1987 N 990).

This standard is expanding on the grounding and zeroing of electric installations of a permanent snake struma with a frequency of up to 400 Hz, it installs the help of a good electrical safety for assistance zahisnogo grounding, Zanulennya .

The standard does not expand on grounding, zeroing of electrical installations, which are located near vibration-prone areas, on electric transport, ships, metal tanks, under water, under the ground and for medical equipment.

The terms that are chosen by the standard are explained in Addendum 1.

The standard conforms to ST REV 3230-81 for part of the grounding.

(Changed edition, Rev. No. 1).

1. TOP POSITIONS

1.1. Zakhisne grounding or grounding can be safe to protect people from damage electric jet when dotik to metal non-current-carrying parts, yakі can be sprung under the elastic aftershock insulation.

1.1.1. Zahisne grounding sled vykonuvati navmisnymi elektrichnym 'dnannym metal parts of electrical installations from the "earth" or її equivalent.

1.1.2. Zanulennya next to the electrical grounds of the metal parts of electrical installations from the grounded point of the living power supply for the assistance of a zero-point conductor.

1.2. Zahisnomu grounding or grounding is pushed by the metal parts of electrical installations, accessible to the dotik of people, so as not to be able to see other kinds of zahistu, which will ensure electrical safety.

1.3. Zahisne grounding or grounding of electrical installations should be done:

at rated voltage 380 and more of the snake strumu and 440 and more fast strumu- in all types;

at rated voltage of 42 to 380 V of a variable jet and of 110 to 440 V of a constant jet for robots in the minds of promoted by unsafe that is especially unsafe for GOST 12.1.013-78.

1.4. As a grounding extension of electrical installations in the first part of the world, due to the use of natural grounding workers.

In case of victorious cast-in-place concrete foundations, industrial life and spores as natural grounding and safety allowable voltage Dotik does not need the supply of piece grounding, the laying of smog for the calls of the future, and the installation of main conductors for grounding in the middle of the building. Metal and reinforced concrete structures with vikoristanny їх like grounding outbuildings are to be blamed without interruption electric lanceug for metal, and in the reinforced concrete structures, the front parts are transferred for the supply of electrical and technological equipment (div. Dovіdkovі Addenda 2, 3 and 4).

1.5. Allow the voltage of the dot and the support of the grounding outbuildings to be responsible for safety at any time of fate.

1.6. The grounding attachment, which is used for grounding electrical installations of one or the other purpose and voltage, is responsible for the satisfaction of all the powers that are presented to the grounding of these electrical installations.

1.7. As grounding and zero protection conductors, trace conductors are specially designated for grounding conductors, as well as metal budding, assembly and electrical constructions. As zero zahisnі provіdniki in Persh cherga guilty vikoristovuvatysya zero robochі provіdniki. For portable single-phase receivers of electrical energy, lamps with the introduction of unprotected wires into them, for the reception of electrical energy of a constant stream, the standards are designated as grounding and zero protection conductors

(Changed edition, Rev. No. 1).

1.8. Material, construction and expansion of grounding, grounding and zero protection conductors to ensure safety against mechanical, chemical and thermal injections for the entire period of operation.

1.9. For virovnyuvannya potential metal budivelni and virobnicheskie konstruktsii owe buti come to the grounding or zeroing. In case of any natural contacts in the articulation, it is sufficient.

2. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS TYPE 110 TO 750 kV

2.1. In electrical installations with a voltage of 110 to 750 kV, grounding may be necessary.

2.2. Grounding attachments follow the norms for the voltage of the dot or for the norms of their support.

The grounding attachment, which follows the norms for opir, is to be blamed for the mother, whether it be time for the opir to be no more than 0.5 Ohm. With a pet support of the "earth", greater than 500 Ohm x m, it is allowed to move the support of the grounding device in a fallow way.

2.3. The voltage on the grounding outbuilding with a stikanny struma zamikannya on the "ground" is not guilty of overshooting 10 kV.

A voltage greater than 10 kV is allowed on grounding outbuildings, which exclude the potential for faults between the walls and outside fences of the electrical installation.

When the voltage on the grounding outbuilding is 5 kV, the fault is transferred to the cable insulation and telemechanics that come in.

2.4. With the method of vibrating the potential in the territory occupied by electric power, it is necessary to lay later and transverse horizontal grounding elements and groundings between themselves, as well as vertical grounding elements.

3. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS WITH VOLTAGE 1000 V

IN MEREGHI WITH ISOLATED NEUTRAL

3.1. In electrical installations with a voltage of 1000. In the area with an insulated neutral, there may be no need for grounding, in which case it is recommended to transfer the attachment of automatic sounding of the earth to the "ground". Zakhist vіd zamikan on the "earth" is recommended to be installed with a switch on (on all electrical lines), as it is necessary for the minds of safety.

3.2. The largest opir of the grounding outbuilding R in Ohm is not to blame for the largest

de I – Rozrahun’s force of the struma grounded to the ground, A.

When vikoristanny grounding outbuilding one hour for electrical installations up to 1000 V

Rozrakhunkov's strength of the struma zamikannya on the ground is to blame, but it is intended for those who are able to operate the scheme of the fence, if the strength of the struma zamikannya on the ground is the most significant.

3.3. If the soil support is greater than 500 Ohm x m, it is allowed to enter the values ​​​​of the grounding outbuildings at the designated value, which will increase the coefficients that lie down.

4. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS UP TO 1000 V

IN MEREGHI ІZ GROUND NEUTRAL

4.1. At stationary electrical installations triphasic struma at the railing from the grounded neutral or the grounding of the single-phase dzherel of life with electricity, and also from the grounded midpoint at the three-wire railings of the steady stream, it can be zeroed.

4.2. In case of zero phases and zero shutdowns, the conductors are guilty of such a rank, so that in case of a fault on the body or on null explorer, vinikav strum short zabezpechuu vіdklyuchennya vіdkljuchennya vіdklyuchennya or fusible fusible insert of the nearest zabіzhnik.

4.3. It is not the fault of the lancers of zero zahisnyh conductors, but the roses of the outbuildings and the guards.

Near zero working conductors, as if they serve for the purposes of zeroing at once, it is allowed to stop the roses of daily outbuildings, as if at the same time with the inclusion of zero working conductors, all conductors that are stressed are also included.

4.4. OPIR grounded by an attachment to a kind of priornanі neutral generator (transformer) Abo visunies single-phase Jerela Live Elekrotroenergіюu, з зарываннымамами немена немелучачів і и инулучачиватучива лучова майтора Maє Betyi is not 2,4 І 8 ohm vіdpovy, with mіzhphaznihnami 660, 380 і 2 Jerela Live or 380, 220 and 127 V single-phase power supply.

When using an electric support "earth" higher than 100 Ohm, an increase in the assigned norm by /100 times is allowed.

4.5. On the red lines electric transmissions are zeroed by following a zero working dart, we will lay it on the same supports as the phase of the dart.

5. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS UP TO 1000 V

IN MEREGHI WITH ISOLATED NEUTRAL

5.1. In electrical installations of a changeable stream in the meshes from the insulated neutral or the insulated windings of a single-phase dzherel for the supply of electricity, the grounding may be but not at the same time with the control of the insulation support.

5.2. Opir of the grounding outbuilding at stationary fencing may be no more than 10 ohms. With a pet support of the earth, greater than 500 Ohm x m, it is allowed to introduce moving factors that lie down.

6. MOBILE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND MANUALS

ELECTRIC MACHINES CLASS I FOR WATER VOLTAGES UP TO 1000 V

6.1. The neutral mode and the supply of resupply dzherel zhellennia with electricity, which are vicorated for the revitalization of stationary appliances of electrical energy, due to the neutral mode zahisnym visits, accepted at the lines of stationary appliances of electrical energy

6.2. When resuscitation of transfer devices of electrical energy and manual electrical machines class I type of stationary wires from a grounded neutral, or from transfer electrical installations from a grounded neutral to zero, next to switch off from sub-stationary connections.

Zeroing is allowed - for manual electric machines of class I; zeroing or zeroing at the same time repeated grounding- for transferring supplies of electrical energy.

6.3. When zhivlennі peresuvnih priymachіv elektrichnoї energії that the manual elektrichnih machines KLAS I od statsіonarnoї MEREZHI abo peresuvnogo dzherela zhivlennya elektroenergієyu scho toil іzolovanu neutral control that support іzolyatsії, zahisne Grounding guilty zastosovuvatis in poєdnannі of metalevim zv'yazkom korpusіv elektroobladnannya abo zahisnim vimknennyam.

6.4. Opir grounding outbuilding in redundant electrical installations from an insulated neutral when live in a redundant power supply is assigned to the values ​​​​of the allowable voltage of the dot in case of a unipolar short circuit on the case, or it is installed in accordance with the normative and technical documentation.

(Changed edition, Rev. No. 1).

6.5. It is not allowed to ground the transmissive dzherel of live power with an insulated neutral and constant control of the insulation support:

as a rozrahunkovy opir of a grounding outbuilding more support grounding attachment of working grounding attachment of constant control support insulation;

yakscho zherelo zhivlennja elektroenergієyu and priemachі elektriė ї energії roztašovanі without intermediary on the chаnіzmі, їkh hulls z'єdnаnі metal zv'yazykі and zherelo not live іnshі priymachiі elektricії energії posture;

Jacshcho relief Jero Live Elektroenergієu is acknowledged for living concrete priymachiv enectricks Energії, їh building Z'єєDnanі Methaluble Zv'Inijkom, and ї ї вот отовина казиной скальной меремі ї ї доваться сболись подаминая обовый одокунные пототика at single-pole zimicani on the building, ABO.

6.6. In peresuvnih elektroustanovkah of Jerel zhivlennya elektroenergієyu that priymachami elektrichnoї energії, roztashovanimi on zagalnіy metalevіy ramі peresuvnogo mehanіzmu, i do not toil priymachіv elektrichnoї energії pose CIM mehanіzmom, dopuskaєtsya zastosovuvati yak єdiny zahisny Zahid metalevy phone reception korpusіv obladnannya that neytralі dzherela zhivlennya elektroenergієyu of metalevoyu Ramah transfer mechanism.

7. CONTROL

7.1. Vіdpovіdnіst pristroїv zakhisnogo zagryadnіvanija аbo zanulennі vymog tsgogo standard owe vstanovlyuvatis priymalno-davalnymi probirovannye elektrostanovleny after їх installation on іїїїї її її ї їх installation on іїїїї її operation according to the rules of the priymalyu elektrostanovleny, utverzhenimi Derzhenergoat a glance SRSR, as well as periodically in the process of designing outbuildings according to the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of spigots" and the "Rules of safety engineering during the operation of electrical installations of sponzhivachiv", approved Derzhenergoat a glance SRSR.

Addendum 1

Dovidkove

TERMS AND EXPLANATIONS,

DISCLAIMER STANDARDI

────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────

Term│Explanation

────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────

1. Grounding │ Conductor or metal supply

│z'єdnannyh provіdnіv, scho to be in

│dochikuіz earth or її

│equivalent

2. Natural│ Grounding, such

grounding │ vicorist electrically conductive parts

│budіvelnih and virobnih

│construction and communication

3. Grounding conductor

│parts from grounding

4. Grounding

attachments│grounding conductors and grounding conductors

5. Grounding main

(zanulennya) │z two or more vіdgaluzhennyami

6. Grounded neutral │ Generator (transformer) neutral,

│arrived to the grounding outbuilding

│ without a middle or through a male

│opir

7. Isolated │ Generator (transformer) neutral,

neutral is not connected to ground

│addition or arrival before the new

│through the great opir

Addendum 2

Dovidkove

EVALUATION

POSSIBILITY VICORISTAN

FOUNDATIONS

INDUSTRIAL BUDIVEL

When vikoristanny zalezobetonnyh foundations industrial budіvel like grounding opіr roztіkannu grounding outbuilding R in Ohm can be evaluated according to the formula

, (1)

de S - area, surrounded by the perimeter of the building, m2;

Pitoma is equivalent to the electrical ground support, Ohm x m.

For rozrahunku Ohm x m slid vikoristovuvat formula

GOST R 50571.10-96
(MEK 364-5-54-80)

UDC 696.6:006.354

Group E08

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS BUDIVEL

part 5
VIBIR AND INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC FLUSH

Rozdil 54
Grounding outbuildings and storage conductors
Electrical installations of buildings. Part 5. Selection and erection of electrical equipment.
Chapter 54

GKS 27020; 29020
OKSTU 3402

Entered date 1997-01-01

Peredmova

1. PREPARED AND INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 337
"Electric power of living and community life".

2. ADOPTIONS AND INTRODUCTIONS BY THE DIA DEGREE OF Derzhstandart Rosії vіd 10 lime
1996 No. 449.

3. This standard, Crimea tables 54D, replace the latest authentic text
international standard MEK 364-5-54 (1980) “Electrical installation budivel. Part 5. Vibir
and electrical installation. Chapter 54
Amendment No. 1 (Lipen 1982) to the standard.

4 INTRODUCED ABOVE

5 REVIEW

Entry

Tsei standard is a part of the complex of sovereign standards for
electrical installations budivel, which are developed on the basis of international standards
Electrotechnical Commission MEK 364 " Electrical installations wake up."
Vymogi to the standard of responsibility to vacate when revising and revising the standards, norms and
rules for testing, testing, certification and operation of electrical installations.
For the sake of clarity, conforming to the standard when applying for a new one in another regulatory
documentation related to the set of standards MEK 364, which standard
the numbering of divisions and points, adopted in the standard MEK 364-5-54-80, has been preserved.

1. Stagnation area

This standard is to install additional grounding outbuildings and outbuildings.
conductors of electrical installations.
The area of ​​application to the standard is according to GOST 30331.1 / GOST R 50571.1.
Vymogi tsgogo standard є obov'yazkovimi.

Which standard has been chosen based on the following standards:
GOST 10434-82. Z'єdnannya contact electrical. Classification. Zagalni
technical support
GOST 22782.0-81. Electrical installation of vibuhozashchenie. Global technical
vimogi ta metodi viprobuvan
GOST 30331.1-95 (MEK 364-1-72, MEK 364-2-70)/GOST R 50571.1-93 (MEK 364-1-72, MEK
364-2-70) Electrical installations budivel.

Basic provisions

GOST 30331.2-95 (MEK 364-3-93)/GOST R 50571.2-94 (MEK 364-3-93) Electrical installations
wake-up call Part 3. Main characteristics
GOST 30331.3-95 (MEK 364-4-41-92)/GOST R 50571.3-94 (MEK 364-4-41-92)
Electrical installations budivel. Part 4 Zakhist vіd
electrical blasting.

541. Zagalni vimogi
541.1. Operational characteristics grounding outbuildings are guilty of satisfaction
to ensure the safety and security of the normal operation of the electrical installation.

542. Grounding
542.1. Grounding extensions.
542.1.1. Grounding extensions can be combined or separate for
zahisnyh or functional purposes
electrical installation, grounding booth
542.1.2. Grounding extensions are due to be selected and installed in such a rank,
shob:
- the significance of the support for the rosette of the grounding outbuilding was confirmed
we can secure the protection and robotic installation for a long period of operation;
- the piercing of the struma zamikannya on the ground and the strumіv coil did not create problems, zokrema,
low heating, thermal and dynamic resistance;
- buli zabezpechenі nebhіdna mіtsnіst аbо additional mechanical protection
fallow according to the tasks of the zovnіshnіh factors zgіdno z GOST 30331.2/GOST R 50571.2.
boiler grounding
542.1.3. Guilty but alive
parts through electrolysis.
542.2. Grounding.
542.2.1. As a grounding person, you can be a vikoristan, who is rebuying in a bunker
from the earth:
- metal shears chi pipes;
- metal smugi or drіt;
- metal plates, plates of numbers;
- foundation grounding;
- Steel fittings for cast concrete;
Note. Possibility of vikoristannya like grounding in front
stressed reinforcement in cast concrete may be primed with rosewood denim;
- steel pipes the water supply system of the earth at the vikonannі minds 542.2.5;
- other subterranean spores that support the vimog 542.2.6.
Note. The effectiveness of the earthing worker to lie in the form of specific soil minds, that
to this, it is necessary for these minds that the essential support of the rose
owe buti selected the quantity and construction of grounding devices. Support value
roztіkannya zemlyuvacha can be razrohovane or vimіryane.
542.2.2. The type of grounding device and the depth of its foundation are due to be such that it hangs
freezing to the ground did not call out the change in the meaning of the support of the earthing switch
over the necessary value.
542.2.3. The material and construction of the earthing line must be resistant to corrosion.
542.2.4. When designing grounding outbuildings, it is possible to insure
zbіlshennya їhny support roztіkannyu, obumovlené korozієyu.
542.2.5. Metal pipes and plumbing can vicorist like natural
grounding outbuildings for the minds of the authorities are allowed in the water supply organization, and
also for your mind, that it is important to come in carefully to inform the operating personnel
electrical installations about the designation of changes in the water supply system.
Note. Bazhano, so that the surface area of ​​the grounding outbuildings did not lie down among others
systems.
542.2.6. Metal pipes of other systems that do not lie before guessing in 542.2.5
(for example, with combustible sources or gases, systems central scorching etc.), not
vikoristovuvatisya like grounding for zahisnogo grounding.
Note. Tsya vomoga does not turn off the connection to the system
potential is up to GOST 30331.3/GOST R 50571.3.
542.2.7. Lead and other metal sheaths of cables, which are not strong
ruynuvannya corrosion

for obviousness, I will allow the sergeant to the cable, and for the mind, that they will be well-informed, come in according to your knowledge
to the operating personnel of the electrical installation about whether or not to change what the cables are,
yaki can fit on yoga attachment to vikoristannya like a grounding.
542.3. Grounding conductors.
542.3.1. Grounding conductors are responsible for 543.1 I, as stench
laying at the ground, їх peretin may be indicative of the values ​​assigned to the table. 54A.
Table 54A

542.3.2. The grounding conductor is guilty of buti nadiyno coming to the grounding worker that mother
with it, according to GOST 10434 electrical contact. When victorious
zatyskіv stench not guilty of poshkodzhuvati nі zemlyuvach (for example, pipe), nі zemlyuyuchi
guides.
542.4. Head grounding clamping bars.
542.4.1. The skin installation is to blame for the transfer of the head grounding clamp or
the tire is up to the new (or up to it) due buti arrived:
- ground conductors;
- zahisnі conductors;
- Conductors of the main system for monitoring potentials (div. Addendum B);
- Conductors of working grounding (as it is necessary).
542.4.2. At an affordable place, the next transfer of the possibility of roses (in the day)
grounding conductors for vimiryuvannya support of the socket of the grounding outbuilding.
Tsya mozhlivost can be secured for the help of the head zatiska or
tires. The design of the zatyskach is guilty of allowing one to come out only for help
tool, be mechanically sound and ensure the safety of the electric stake.

543. Zahisnі guides
Note. Wimogi to zahisnih conductors for systems leveling the potential of divas.
at distribution 547.
543.1. The smallest area of ​​the transverse cross section of the air conductors can be:
- insurance coverage up to 543.1.1 or
- check validly up to 543.1.2.
In both vipadkas, there was a vrakhovuvaty vimogi 543.1.3.
Note. The grounding clamp on the installation is responsible for allowing
connection of winter guides
543.1.1. The area of ​​the transverse cut of the duct conductor S, mm2 is due to buti
less important, which is signified by an offensive formula (it only stops for an hour
inclusion no more than 5 s):

de i- chinne meaning struma short hum that flows through the attachment
zahistu with a small transitional support, A;
t - vitrimka to the hour of the immaculate extension, s;
Note. Sliding the fence around the struma with the support of the lansyug and
zdatnіst (integral of the Joule) I will arrange a defense
k - coefficient, the value of which to deposit according to the material of the gas conductor, yoga
insulation and post and terminal temperatures. (The formula for rozrahunka is given in appendix A).
The value of k for different conductors in different minds is assigned in tables 54B-54E.
win the conductors of the nearest larger standard cut.
Notes
1. Necessarily, schob perez, razrakhovaniya such a rank, vіdpovіd minds,
let's use the support of the lanzug "phase - zero".
2. Maximum temperature values ​​for electrical installations in vibration-prone areas
install according to GOST 22782.0.
3. Check the maximum allowable temperature of the clamps.

543.1.2. Peretin zahisnih provіdnikіv maє buti is no less significant, pointing at
Table 54F. In this case, it is not necessary to re-evaluate the retinal for consistency 543.1.1.
Likewise, when rozrahunku nabuvayut the value of the cut, vіdmіnnogo vіd induced in the table, sіd
choose the closest value from the table.

The meanings of tables 54F are less clear in the case, as if they were guarded
prepared from the same material as phase conductors. In a different way, pereriz
to choose good conductors in such a rank, so that their conduct would be equal
conductivity, which is taken into account after the table is loaded.
543.1.3. In all cases, there is a gap between the cold conductors, which do not enter the cable warehouse,
can buti no less:
2.5 mm2 - for the presence of a mechanical shield;
4 mm2 - due to the presence of mechanical protection.
Note. When choosing and laying the arrears, the following are the insurance
factor, which is to be added according to GOST 30331.2 / GOST R 50571.2.
543.2. Types of travel guides.543.2.1. Yak zahisnі provіdniki can but vikoristаnі:
- Lived in multi-core cables;
- insulated or non-insulated darts in the bulk sheathing with phase wires;
- stationary laying of non-insulated or insulated conductors;
- metal bending of cables, for example, aluminum sheathing of cables, screens,
armor of deyaky cables;
- metal pipes and metal casings for conductors;
- conductive elements that are not part of the electrical installation (third-party
wire parts), for example, metal constructions, constructions and constructions
a variety of recognition (crane paths, galleries, lift shafts toshcho).
543.2.2. Shell casings with complete outbuildings of factory-prepared or casing
complete busbars, which are at the warehouse of the installation, can be
zahisnyh guides for the mind that the stench will instantly satisfy the coming
vimogam:
a) the electrical safety of the lancet is designed in such a way that it is safe
protection of mechanical, chemical and electrochemical ears;

c) the stench is to blame to ensure the possibility of connecting other air carriers
be-yakoy peredbachenomu for tsgo mistsi.
543.2.3. Metal zahisn_ curves (not insulated or insulated)
various electrical wiring systems, zokrema, cable sheathing with mineral insulation,
also metal pipes and electrical wiring and electrical boxes can be
vikoristany like zahisnі conductors for the venerable lancers, like the stench
promptly give advice to vimog 543.2.2 a, b. Vykoristannya of other pipes and casings in
as zahisnih conductors are not allowed.
543.2.4. Third-party conductive parts (SPL) can be victorious as zahisn
conductors, as if the stench at once told such helpers:
a) the electrical safety of the lansyug is ensured either by the original design, or
vіdpovіdmi spolukami, scho protect її vіd mechanical, chemical and
electrochemical ears;
b) their conductivity is not less indicated in 543.1;
c) their dismantling of the impractical, as if not transferred, entering in order to save security
lancers and її conductivity;
d) stinks are designed or, if necessary, attached for purpose.
It is allowed to use metal pipes to the water supply system for obvious permission
organizations responsible for the operation of the water supply system. Vykoristannya pipe system
gas supply as zahisnі conductors are occupied.
543.2.5. RPL vikoristannya as a PEN-provider is being protected.
543.3. Ensuring the electrical safety of your conductors.
543.3.1. Zahisnі provіdniki owe buti an indispensable rank of protection vіd
mechanical and chemical ears, as well as electrodynamic noises.
543.3.2. Reserved guardians are guilty but are available for inspection
viprobuvannya, for a little z'ednan, sealed with a compound or sealed.
543.3.3. zaboronyaetsya vmikati switching devices in lanceuzi zahisnih conductors,
however, mothers can find a place, yakі can be sorted out for an additional tool
for the purpose of testing.
543.3.4. At the same time, I will add a control for the safety of the grounding lance
turn on the first winding sequentially (at the outlet) from the outside conductor.
543.3.5. Not allowed
good conductors for another electric power, for a little wine,
transfer 543.2.2.

544. Zahisne grounding
Note. Vimogi to zakhistu for TN systems (tn-c-s grounding system), TT and IT - according to GOST 30331.3 / GOST R
50571.3.
544.1. Zahisnі provіdniki, yakі vikoristovuyutsya together іz outbuildings zahistu vіd
overflow. When victorious, I will build a choke in the overflow for a choke in the battle
with an electric strum, it is necessary to lay wires at the sleeping shed
phase conductors or have no middle proximity to them.
544.2. Grounding and zahisnі conductors for the outbuildings of the zakhistu, what to use
at vіdhilennі chi zniknennі naprugi.
544.2.1. Guilty of transferring additional grounding, not covering
electrically with other groundings metal particles, such as
metal structures, metal pipes, metal sheaths of cables. Qia Umova
vvazhayut vikonanim, as an additional grounding device on the singing
Vіdstanі inіd vіd zagryadnyh metallevih elementіv.
544.2.2. Grounding conductor, which can be used as an additional grounding conductor
isolate, so that you can get rid of yoga from behind the system explorer
zahisnogo grounding or z'ednami with him or other conductive parts, yakі
can be at the dotik to the grounding system.
Note. Qiu may need to do it in order to get rid of the high-pitched shunt
voltage sensor.
544.2.3. Zahisny conductor
possession, as it can be connected to a different spratsyuvannya zakhisnogo outbuilding.

545. Roboche grounding
545.1. Zagalni vimogi.
Roboche grounding can be vikonan in such a rank, so that it is safe
the electric robot is normal, and that supernatural robot is also normal
electrical installations.

546
for work and industrial grounding
546.1. Zagalni vimogi.
In a vipadku, if grounding is needed, like for a zakhist, so for a normal work
electrical installations, in pershu cherga, it was possible to reach the deadline, which is presented before entering the zahist.
546.2. PEN conductors.
546.2.1. For TN systems for fixed cabling, which may be an area
cross section not less than 10 mm2 for midi or 16 mm2 for aluminum
installation is not protected by outbuildings zahisnogo inclusion that react to
differential strum.
546.2.2. To keep the streaks away, the insulation of the PEN-conductor is to blame
self-protected high voltage, yak can be up to the new dodane.
Note. PEN-conductor does not need to be insulated in the middle of complete outbuildings
management and distribution of electricity.
546.2.3. In vipadkah, if, at first, from whatever point of installation, zero worker and zero
reserve the conductors of the division
energy flow. At the mist, it is necessary to hand over okrems or tires.
zero working and zahisnogo provіdnikіv. PEN-conductor is guilty of connecting to the zatyskach,
appointments for a good conductor.

547. Conductors of the system of potential maintenance
547.1. Find the area of ​​the transverse cut.
547.1.1. Leading conductors of the system of potential verification.
Peretin of the head conductor of the monitoring system may not be less
half of the largest diameter of the installation conductor, but not less than 6 mm2. However, not
it is necessary to install conductors with a span over 25 mm2 on midi or equal to yoma, as
Conductor of preparations from other metal.
547.1.2. Dodatkovі provіdniki system virіvnyuvannya potencialіv.
Peretin dodatkovogo conductor of the system for the development of potentials that can be obtained by two
conductive parts of the electrical power, which are not normally under voltage,

can be no less than the smallest of the worst conductors,
connected to these parts.
Peretin of an additive conductor of the system for raising the potentials that you get
grounding parts of the electrical power metal structures wake-up call
foreshadowing, may be no less than half of the cut of the wicked explorer
electrically connected to the grounding part.
Dodatkovі conductors of the system for the verification of the potential of responsibility for the need
please the vimogi 543.1. Call for vyrivnyuvannya potentialities may be security
either with metal structures of budding and virobnic recognition, or
dodatkovymi provіdnikami, or podnanyam that іnshoy.
547.1.3. Bypass vitratomy.
At different times, pipes to the water supply system should be grounded or protected
conductors need to transfer bypass vitratomy for help
a conductor of a reliable cut
zahisny conductor of the system z_vnyuvannya potencialiv chi conductor of working grounding.

ADDITION A
(obov'yazkove)

SYSTEM OF STANDARDS FOR WORK SAFETY

ELECTRIC SAFETY.

GOST12.1.030-81

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE SRSR FOR STANDARDS

Moscow

STATE STANDARD SPLIT RSR

System of safety standards for work	GOST 12.1.030-81
ELECTRIC SAFETY.
ZAHISNE GROUNDED, NULLED
Occupational safety standards system.
electric safety.
Protective conductive earth, neutralling

Decree of the Sovereign Committee of the SRSR for standards issued on May 15, 1981. No. 2404 term dії inserted

from 01.07.1982

This standard is expanding on the basis of grounding and grounding of electrical installations of permanent and replaceable streams with a frequency of up to 400 Hz and installing additional electrical safety for additional grounding, grounding.

It is standardly expanded on grounding, zeroing of electrical installations, which are located near vibration-prone areas, on electric transport, ships, in metal tanks, under water, under the ground and for medical equipment.

The terms that are chosen in the standard, and their explanations, are given in the final document.

The standard complies with STSEV 3230-81 for part of the grounding.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1. TOP POSITIONS

1.1.Zakhistne grounding or grounding is guilty of protecting people from being struck by an electric blast when the dot is up to metal non-string parts, as they can opine under the tension due to the damage to the insulation.

1.1.1.Zakhisne grounding should be connected to the same electrical circuit of the metal parts of electrical installations from the "ground" or its equivalent.

1.1.2.Zanulennya next to the electrical circuits of the metal parts of electrical installations from the grounded point of the living power supply for the help of a zero-point conductor.

1.2. Protective grounding or grounding is supported by metal parts of electrical installations that are accessible to people and do not allow other types of protection to ensure electrical safety.

1.3.Zakhistne grounding or grounding of electrical installations should be done:

at a nominal voltage of 380 V in the case of a variable struma and 440 V in the case of a constant struma - in all fluctuations;

at a nominal voltage of 42 V up to 380 V of a changeable strum and of 110 V up to 440 V of a constant strum for robots in the minds with advanced unsafety and especially unsafe per GOST 12.1.013-78.

1.4. In the capacity of grounding outbuildings of electrical installations in the Persian Empire, the responsibility is due to natural grounding workers.

With the exception of cast-iron concrete foundations of industrial buds and spores as natural grounding and safe allowable voltages, the dock does not need to build piece grounding, laying of the main conductors of the grounding in the middle of the bud. Metal and cast-in-place concrete structures in case of victories as grounding outbuildings are to be installed without interruption of the electric lance for metal, and in cast-in-place concrete structures, embedded parts are transferred for the supply of electrical and technological equipment (div.

1.5. Allow the voltage of the bunker and the support of the grounding outbuildings to be responsible, if necessary, at any time.

1.6. The grounding attachment, which is used for grounding electrical installations of one or the other purpose and voltage, is responsible for the satisfaction of all the powers that are presented to the grounding of these electrical installations.

1.7. As grounding and zero zahisnyh conductors, traces of vicorist are specially designed for conductors, as well as metal budding, assembly and electrical constructions. As zero zahisnі provіdniki in Persh cherga guilty vikoristovuvatysya zero robochі provіdniki. For portable single-phase receivers of electrical energy, luminaires with the introduction of unprotected wires into them, receivers of electrical energy of a constant stream as grounding and zero conductors, and only a few wires are used.

(Changed edition, Amendment, Amendment No. 1).

1.8.Material, construction and expansion of grounding, grounding and grounding conductors to ensure safety up to mechanical, chemical and tathermic injections for the entire period of operation.

1.9. In order to check the potential of the metal life and the general constructions, they must be brought to the earthing line or grounding. In case of any natural contacts in the articulation, it is sufficient.

2. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS TYPE 110 TO 750 kV

2.1. In electrical installations with a voltage of 110 to 750 kV, grounding may not be necessary.

2.2. Grounding attachments follow the norms for the voltage of the dot or for the norms for their opir.

The grounding attachment, which follows the norms for opir, is to blame for the mother in any hour of fate, the opir is not more than 0.5 Ohm. With pet support "earth"r , more than 500 Ohm m, it is allowed to move the support of the grounding outbuildingr .

2.3. The voltage on the grounding outbuilding, when a new struma is drained, flickering to the "ground" cannot exceed 10 kV.

A voltage of over 10 kV is allowed on grounding outbuildings, for which the wine potentials are turned off for the inter-lifetime and external fences of the electrical installation.

When the voltage on the grounding outbuilding is 5 kV, the fault is transferred to the cable insulation and telemechanics.

2.4. In order to improve the potential in the territory occupied by the electric power, it is necessary to lay the later and transverse horizontal elements of the earthing device and the earthing device between them, as well as with the vertical elements of the earthing device.

3. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS WITH VOLTAGE 1000 V NETWORK WITH ISOLATED NEUTRAL

3.1. In electrical installations with a voltage of 1000 V, in the area with an insulated neutral, there must be no grounding, in which case it is recommended to transfer the attachment of an automatic interception to the "ground". It is recommended to install a protection device from a fault on the “ground” with a switch on the power supply (for all electrical connections), as it is necessary for the minds of safety.

3.2. The biggest support of the grounding outbuildingRin Om it is not guilty to be more

de I- Rozrakhunkov's power struma grounding to the ground, A.A.

When vikoristanny grounding outbuilding one hour for electrical installations up to 1000 V

Rozrakhunkov's strength of the struma zamikannya on the ground is to blame, but it is intended for those who are able to operate the scheme of the fence, if the force of the struma zamikannya on the ground is the most significant.

3.3. When supporting the earthr , more than 500 Ohm m, it is allowed to enter on the designation the value of the support of the grounding outbuilding, which increases the coefficients that lie inr .

4. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS WITH VOLTAGE UP TO 1000 WITHIN THE LEVEL OF NEUTRAL

4.1. At stationary electrical installations of a three-phase stream in a net from a grounded neutral or a grounded single-phase supply of electricity, as well as from a grounded midpoint in a three-wire net of a permanent stream, it can be grounded.

4.2. In case of zero phase and zero shutdown, the conductors are guilty of such a rank, so that when they flicker to the body, or to the zero conductor, causing a short flicker, which will ensure the switching on of the machine or the fusible insert of the nearest fuse.

4.3. It is not the fault of the zero-summer guardians, but there are different outbuildings and guardians.

In the network of zero working conductors, as if they serve at once for the purposes of zeroing, it is allowed to stop the roses of the daily outbuildings, as if at the same time with the inclusion of zero working conductors, all conductors are also included, which are under voltage.

4.4.P.RUs grounded by attachment, to a kind of attainnance neutraliterator_v (transformer) Abo visunies of single-phase Jerela Livennye Elektroenergієюu, з зарываннымамамерамера на генемувачів і і ина немеревачива лучной и отовно и дідповіfully, with migdufazniy yabd 3 in 380,220 І 127 single-phase dzherel zhivlennya.

Prudіlny electric opіr "earth"r higher than 100 Ohm m, an increase in the specified norm is allowedr /100 times.

(Changed edition, Amendment, Amendment No. 1).

4.5. On the overhead power lines, grounding should be carried out with a zero working dart, we will lay it on the same supports as the phase dart.

5. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS WITH VOLTAGE UP TO 1000 INTO THE LEVEL OF INSULATED NEUTRAL

5.1. In the electrical installations of a zminny stream in the meshes from the insulated neutral or the insulated visnovka of the single-phase dzherel of the live power supply, the grounding may be but not vikonan at the isolated support with the control of the insulation.

5.2.Opіr grounding outbuilding in stationary fencing may not be more than 10 Ohm. With a pet support of the earth, greater than 500 Ohm m, it is allowed to introduce moving factors that lie inr .

6. MOBILE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND MANUAL ELECTRIC MACHINES CLASS I WITH VOLTAGE UP TO 1000 V

6.1. The mode of neutrality and the supply of transfers of power supplies, which are used for the supply of stationary supplies of electric power, are due to the mode of neutrality and supply of supplies, adopted at the stations of stationary supplies of electric power.

6.2. In case of live transfers of electric power and manual electric machines of class I, such as fixed lines from a grounded neutral or through transfers of electrical installations from a grounded neutral, grounding should be connected to connected switches.

Zeroing is allowed - for manual electric machines of class I; zeroing or zeroing at the connection with repeated grounding - for transferring electrical energy supplies.

6.3.Pri zhivlennі peresuvnih priymachіv elektrichnoї energії that the manual elektrichnih machines KLAS I od statsіonarnoї MEREZHI abo peresuvnogo dzherela zhivlennya elektroenergієyu scho toil іzolovanu neutral control that support іzolyatsії, zahisne Grounding guilty zastosovuvatisya in poєdnannі of metalevim zv'yazkom korpusіv elektroobladnannya abo zahisnim vіdklyuchennyam.

6.4. The support of the grounding outbuilding in the transfer electrical installations with an insulated neutral when live in the transfer points of electric power is dependent on the values ​​​​of the allowable voltage of the dot in the case of a single-pole short circuit on the case, or it is installed in the normative and technical.

(Changed edition, Amendment, Amendment No. 1).

6.5. It is not allowed to ground the overhead supply line with electric power with an insulated neutral and, by constant control, the insulation support may not be broken:

as a rozrahunkovy opir of the grounding outbuilding is larger than the opir of the grounding outbuilding of the working grounding, the attachment of constant control is the insulation support;

yakscho dzherelo zhivlennija elektroenergієyu i priymachi elektriė ї energії roztašovanі without intermediary on the transfer mechanism, їkh cases za'dnanі metal zv'yazyk and zherelo not live іnshі priymachiі elektriїії ї ї ї;

Jacshko, Jero Livilennye Elektrohenergіu admission for livenight of concrete priymachіv Elektrichi Energії, їh Corps Z'єєDnanі Methaluble Zv'yaznik, and ї і і і іновина иская ї ї ї і і і ібовина совиная ї ї мережі в дитиків at single-pole zimicani on the building, ABO.

6.6.U peresuvnih elektroustanovkah of Jerel zhivlennya elektroenergієyu іpriymachami elektrichnoї energії, roztashovanimi on zagalnіy metalevіy ramіperesuvnogo mehanіzmu, i do not toil priymachіv elektrichnoї energії pose CIM mehanіzmom, dopuskaєtsya zastosovuvati yak єdiny zahisny mіrametalevy phone reception korpusіv obladnannya i neytralі dzherela zhivlennya elektroenergієyu metalevoyu of Ramah.

(Changed edition, Correction, Change. No. 1).

7. CONTROL

7.1.Vіdpovіdnіst pristroїv zahisnogo grounding abo vanishing vimogam tsogo standard guilty vstanovlyuvatisya at priyomozdavalnih viprobuvannyah elektroustanovok pіslya їh mounting on mіstsі ekspluatatsії for "Rules Pristrom elektroustanovok" zatverdzhenimi Derzhenergonaglyadom CPCP and takozh perіodichno in protsesі ekspluatatsії zaznachenih pristroїv of "Rules tehnіchnoї ekspluatatsії" when ekspluatatsії electrical installations of the spozhivachiv”, approved by the Derzhenergonaglyad of the SRSR.

ADDITION 1
Dovidkove

TERMS AND EXPLANATIONS WHICH ARE VICTORATED IN THE STANDARD

term	Explanation
1. Grounding machine	Conductor, or the collection of metal conductors, as if they were shackled from the earth, or as an equivalent
2. Natural grounding	Grounding device, as a kind of vicorous, electrically conductive parts of budіvelny and virobnicheskih constructions and communications
3. Grounding conductor	Conductor, who connects grounding parts from ground
4. Ground attachment	Supplement of structurally connected grounding conductors and grounding conductors
5. Main grounding (grounding)	Grounding (zero protection) conductor with two or more
6. Grounded neutral	The neutral of the generator (transformer), is connected to the grounding outbuilding without a middle or through a small opir
7. Insulated neutral	The neutral of the generator (transformer), is not brought to the grounding outbuilding or is brought to the new one through the great opir

ADDITION 2
Dovidkove

ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPABILITY OF THE VOCABILITY OF THE RELATED CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS IN THE INDUSTRIAL BUDIVEL

In case of victorious cast-in-place concrete foundations, industrial budding is like a grounding pipe for a grounding outbuildingin Om may be evaluated by the formula

de S- area, surrounded by the perimeter of the building, m 2;

r e - pitome of the equivalent electrical ground, Ohm · m.

For rozrahunku r e in Ohm m follow the formula

de r 1 - power supply of the upper sphere of the earth, Ohm · m;

r 2 - electric support of the lower ball, Ohm · m;

h 1 - Intensity (tovshchina) of the upper sphere of the earth, m;

a , b - bezrozmіrnі kofіtsієnti, scho to lie in the spіvvіdnosnja petomikh elektrichnіh pylons rіv zemli. Ohm m

Under the upper ball next to the globe of the earth, the nursery of the opir of somer 1 more lower at 2 times electrical support bottom ballr 2 .

In electrical installations with a voltage of 110 to 750 kV, it is not necessary to lay the conductors, including the inputs and outlets, the space for the installation of grounding neutrals in power transformers, short circuits, valve dischargers and blisks in the water, yakshcho

de I k.z - Rozrahun's power of the struma of single-phase fading, which flows into the "earth" from the foundations of life, kA.

(Changed edition, Amendment 5 – steel column; 6 - plates for welding conductors to ground

ROZROBLENTMinistry of installation and special work of the SRSR

VICONAVTSI:

R.M. Karyakin,Dr. tech. sciences; V. A. Antonov, cand. Sciences ; L. K. Konovalova; V. K. Dobrinin; V.I. Sontsov; M. P. Ratner, cand. Sciences ; V. P. Korovin; A.I. Kustov; V.I. Sirovatka, dr. tech. sciences; A.I. Jacobs, Dr. tech. sciences; V.I. Bocharov, Cand. tech. sciences; V. N. Ardasenov, cand. tech. Sciences

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Installation and Special Life Works of the USSR

Deputy minister K. K. Lipodat

STATEMENTS AND INTRODUCTIONS BY THE DIA Decree of the Sovereign Committee of the SRSR for standards issued on May 15, 1981. No. 2404