What is the input machine for 15 kW? How to carry out a rozrahunok of an automatic vimikacha
Those hours, when electrical panels apartments or private houses, you can use traditional ceramic plugs, which have already passed a long time ago. Every now and then, automatic vimikachi will stop everywhere new designs- so zvani zahistu automaton.
Newly recognized and added buildings? What is the right way to treat a specific skin tone? Obviously, the main function of these outbuildings is to protect the electric currents in the form of short flickers and overshoot.
The automaton is guilty of vimicising, if the intention is significantly shifting allowable rate or with guilt short hum if there is a significant increase in the electric strum. However, he is guilty of skipping the strum and working in the normal mode, for example, you turned on the cleaning machine and the electric spray at the same time.
What is protecting the automatic vimic
The first one picks up the automatic machine, the varto rozіbratisya, how it works and what it protects. A lot of people are vvazhayut that the machine is protecting the buttov's accessories. However, that is absolutely not the case. The machine does not have a single stop to the fittings, so you connect to the wire - it protects the electrical wiring from the supply.
Even if the cable is overwhelmed, or due to a short flicker, the growing power of the strum, which causes the cable to overheat and wind up the wiring.
The strength of the struma increases especially with a short chime. The magnitude of the struma power can be up to a few thousand amperes. Obviously, no cable is built for a long time to be worn for such a challenge. Tim more, cable with a span of 2.5 square meters. mm, which is often used for laying electrical wiring in private households and apartments. Vin just catch fire, like Bengal fire. And if a fire strikes the host, I can cause it to burn.
That's right plays an important role. A similar situation is blamed for rewiring - the automatic vimikach protects the electrical wiring itself.
If the tension exceeds the permissible value, the strength of the struma increases sharply, which will cause the insulation to heat up and melt. Have your own heart, you can bring it to a short zamikannya. And the consequences of such a situation are rebuffed - it’s like a fire that burns!
Behind some streaks, the roaring of automatic machines vibrates
Function automatic vimicach polagaє at the protection of electrical wiring, connected after a new one. The main parameter, which oscillates the opening of automatic machines, є nominal strum. Ale nominal strum of what, navantazhennya chi drot?
Vihodyachi z vimog pue 3.1.4, the settings of the automatic streaks, which serve for the protection of other streaks, are selected according to the possibility of less than the strums of the streaks of these streaks, or after the nominal strum of the primach.
The breakdown of the machine for the pressure (according to the nominal stream of the electric receiver) vibrates, as if it were blowing on all roads on all the lines of the electrical wiring of the breakdown on such a charge. Tobto admissible strum of electrical wiring is greater for the nominal value of the machine.
Also, be sure to hour strum characteristic of the machine, Ale, we’ll talk about it later.
For example, on a dealership, de vikoristovuєtsya is carried out with a peretina of 1 sq. mm, the value of the voltage becomes 10 kW. We select an automatic machine according to the nominal charge stream - we install an automatic machine for 40 A. What will happen to which one? Conducted later heating and melting, shards of veins of insurance for a nominal strum of 10-12 amperes, and a strum of 40 amperes passes through it. The machine turns on less often, if it becomes a short chime. As a result, you can get out of tune with the wiring and start to get out of the way.
Therefore, the initial value for the choice of the nominal strum of the machine is the cut of the strum duct. The value of the profit is only guaranteed after the choice of the cross dart. Rated strum, automatic indication, is to be blamed for the maximum strum allowed for this cut.
In this rank, the choice of the machine to roam for the minimum cut of the dart, which wins at the conductor.
For example, a valid strum for honey dart peretina 1.5 sq. mm become 19 amperes. It means that for this drotu it is possible to choose the closest value of the nominal strum of the machine for a smaller bill, which is to become 16 amperes. If you select an automatic machine with a value of 25 amperes, then the wiring will be heated, the wires of this wire are not intended for such a stream. In order to do it right, it is necessary to secure the dart in the first place.
Rozrahunok of the introductory automatic vimikacha
The electrical wiring system is subdivided into groups. The skin group can have its own cable with a singy welt and automatic vimikachi with a nominal strum, which satisfies the cut.
In order to select the cable spanning and the nominal strum of the machine, it is necessary to increase the re-roofing of the transferring voltage. This rozrahunok to shy, pіdsumovuyuchi tightness of the fittings, as if they will be connected to the dіlyanki. Sumarna tightness allow you to designate the strum that flows through the wiring.
You can calculate the value of the struma using the following formula:
- P - total intensity of all electrical appliances, W;
- U - voltage of the wire, (U=220 V).
Irrespective of those that the formula zastosovetsya for active vanity, how to create zvichaynі light bulbs or attach heating element(Electric kettles, heaters), it’s still better to approximately estimate the size of the strum on a given space. Now we need to choose a strum cable. Knowing the size of the struma, according to the tables, it is possible to select the span for the cable of this strum.
If you can work for electrical wiring of the group. Remember that the machine is guilty of breaking earlier, if there is an overheating of the cable, then the nominal value of the machine should be chosen less than that of the rozrachunk strum.
We wonder at the value of the nominal strum on the automatic machine and povnyuєmo її z the maximum allowable value of the strum for the dart with cim peretina. If the allowable strum for the cable is less than the nominal strum, the indications are automatic, the cable with a large cross is selected.
Similar materials on the site:
When designing a new electrical cabinet for the connection of new electric appliances, in the process of modernizing the electrical panel, it is necessary to design the choice of an automatic switch for overhead electrical safety.
Deyakі koristuvachі nedbalo pose to tsієї zadavaі, і can not zaslyuyuchis podklyuchit whether nayavny automatic machine, abi pratsyuvalo, but when choosing orientate for such criteria: cheaper, schob not much in the gut beat, or more difficult, schob times again.
Even more often such lack of balance and ignorance of the elementary rules for choosing the denomination of a foreign outbuilding will lead to fatal consequences. This article should be familiar with the main criteria for the protection of electrical wiring in the form of overwiring and short circuiting, for the sake of opportunity the right choice zahisnogo machine vіdpovіdno until tightness spozhivannya elektroenergії.
Briefly, the principle of robotics and recognition of cold automatic machines
Automatic wimming with a short chirp practically eliminates the zap of the electromagnet splitter. When the nominal value of the strum is overwhelmed, the bimetal plate, which heats up, turns on the voltage after a certain hour, which can be determined from the graph of the strum characteristics.
Danish zapobіzhny pristrіy protects the wiring in the short circuit and above the stream, which will change the rozrahunkov's significance for this cut of the wire, yakі can plug the strumoprovidnі lived up to the melting point and the borrowing of the insulation. Sob what didn’t happen, it’s not necessary to pick the right one zahisny vimikach.
Sunny look of three pole automatic vimics
prov_d is guilty of reproach
Even more often it happens that a new lichnik, automatic equipment, ELV is installed in the old booth, but the wiring is left with the old one. Buy a lot of butt technology, increase the pressure and pick up an automatic machine, which properly trims the power of all electric appliances.
Everything is correct, but the insulation of wires begins to see a characteristic smell and smoke, it appears half-dawn, but the guard does not spratsovuє. It may be that the parameters of the electrical wiring are not covered by .
Admittedly, the cross section lived on the old cable - 1.5 mm, with the maximum allowable boundary along the stream at 19A. Let's assume that one hour before the new one they switched on a sprig of electrical appliances, which would become a total power of 5kW, which in the stream equivalent would be approximately 22.7A, and that would be an automatic 25A.
We’ll keep heating up, and then we’ll keep the automaton fired all hour, until the insulation melts, which will cause a short flicker, and then it can burn out at a faster pace.
Protect the weakest wiring harness
Therefore, first of all, the choice of the automatic machine is obviously navantage, which is protected, it is necessary to change, that the wiring Dane's adventurousness showcase.
Zgidno z PUE 3.1.4 the machine is guilty of protecting the weakest lot electric lansyug, or choose with a nominal stream, a suitable stream of electrical installations that are connected, but again, they are connected by conductors with the necessary cross bar.
When ignoring this rule, do not varto name the machine incorrectly and curse the yogo virobnik, as if the electrical wiring is weak, I’ll burn it.
Melted dart insulation
Razrahunok nominal value of the machine
Let's admit that it was new, nadine, properly insured, and acknowledgment to all efforts. In this case, the choice of an automatic vimikach is brought up to a higher nominal value from the standard range of values, depending on the rozrachunk's struma, which is calculated according to the following formula:
de R - total pressure of electrical appliances.
Wandering on the edge more active(lighting, electric heating elements, by-butov technique). Such a rozrahunok is more suitable for home electricity in the apartment.
It is permissible to increase the tightness of the conduction: P = 7.2 kW. I = P / U = 7200/220 = 32.72 A. We select an automatic machine for 32A with low values: 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 63, 80, 100.
This denomination is less than the rozrachunk one, but it is practically not possible for one-hour inclusion of all electrical appliances near the apartment. Also, the varto vrakhovuvati, that in practice the application of the machine starts with a value of 1.13 times more than the nominal value, after one hour of the strum characteristic, that is 32 * 1.13 = 36.16A.
To simplify the choice of the automatic machine, use the table, denominations of automatic machines to determine the intensity of single-phase and three-phase voltage:
Selection table for strumu machine
The knowledge behind the formula for the pointed buttstock is the closest to the value of tightness, as it is assigned to the seen red middle. So, if you want to open a strum for three-phase mesh, when choosing a machine, read this article about
Pіdbіr zahishnyh avtomatіv for electrical installations(Electric motors, transformers) with reactive voltages, as a rule, are not carried out for tension. Nominal and type are selected depending on the operating and starting stream, indicated in the passport of this extension.
To improve the safety of electrical wiring in the apartment, it is necessary to extend it to a kilka line. Tse okremі automatics for lighting, kitchen sockets, other sockets. Buy fit great strain promoted by unsafe(electric water heaters, cleaning machines, electric stoves), it is necessary to switch it on via ELV.
Manual installation of automatic devices at the shield
The ELV immediately reacts to the whirlwind of the stream and turns on the pressure. For the correct selection of the machine, it is important to choose three main parameters; - Nominal strum, commutation zdatnistnya strum short zamikannya that class of automatics.
Razrakhankovy nominal strum of the machine - the maximum strum, which is the increase in the cost of the machine's robot. When the stream is higher than the nominal one, the contacts of the machine are switched on. The class of automatics means the short-hour value of the starting strum, if the automatic is working.
The starting strum repeatedly shifts the nominal value of the strum. Usі klasi avtomatіv mаyut raznі perevischennya starting strum. Usy є 3 class for automatic machines of different brands:
– class B, de-launching strum can be larger than the nominal one 3 to 5 times;
- class C may be re-visited to the nominal value of 5 - 10 times;
class D with the possibility of transferring a strum of nominal value in 10 to 50 times.
Marking of automatic vimikacha
At houses, apartments vikoristovuyut class S. We have vikoristovuyutsya automatics with a switching building of 4500 amperes, foreign automatics maє strum k.z. 6000 amps. You can beat the offense of types of automatic machines, Russian and foreign.
Rozrahunok automatic vimicach
You can select automatic equipment with a rozrahunkom strumu navantazhennya or cut electrical wiring.
Rozrahunok of the machine behind the strum
Pіdrakhovuєmo all the pressure of navantazhen on the machine. Plus the pressure of all electricians, and for this formula:
acceptable rosrachunkovy strum machine.
P-total pressure of all electric shocks
U - voltage of the mesh
Round off the rozrahunk value of the removed struma from the larger side.
Rozrahunok vending machine for electrical wiring
To select the machine can be speeded up by the table 1. Vibration behind the peretina of the electrical wiring of the strum, change the strum of the machine to the lower value, reduce the tension of the electrical wiring.
Choice of rated streak for the cable. Table No. 1
For automatic outlets, take a strum of 16 amperes, the oscillators of the socket are 16 amperes, for illumination, the optimal version of the machine is 10 amperes. Even if you don’t know the length of the electrical wiring, it’s easy to unravel it using the formula:
S - cross the core y mm²
D – diameter of the wire without insulation in mm
Another method of rozrahunka automatic vimikacha є we shorten, so as it protects the wiring diagram in the application.
To select the machine for the intensity of the advancement, it is necessary to open the advancement strum, and select the denomination of the automatic dispenser higher than the equal value. Strumu value, magnitude in amperes single-phase mesh 220 St. sound change the value of tension tension, expressed in kilowatts by 5 times, tobto. how tight the electric receiver is ( cleaning machines, light bulbs, refrigerators) cost 1.2 kW., then the strum, which is similar to the drone or cables, cost 2.4 A (1.2 kW * 5 \u003d 6.0 A). In a rosary at 380 St, in three-phase meshes, everything is similar, only the size of the struma outweighs the tightness of tension in 2 times.
Coefficient of tension - bezromirna physical quantity, What characterizes the life of the snake electric struma by looking at the obviousness of the reactive warehouse. The coefficient of tension shows how much fluctuations are measured in phase change strum, what flows through the tension, what tensions, what gets to it.
Numerical coeficient of fatigue cosine of the phase zsuvu or cos φ
Cosine fi is taken from Table 6.12 of the normative document SP 31-110-2003 "Design and installation of electrical installations of residential and community life"
Table 1
Let's take our electric receiver with a power of 1.2 kW. as a single-phase single-phase refrigerator for 220V, cos is accepted from the table 0.75 as a motor from 1 to 4 kW.
Razrahuemo strum I \u003d 1200 W / 220V * 0.75 \u003d 4.09 A.
Now the best way to designate the jet of an electric pickup- Take the size of the struma from the nameplate, passport or instructions for use. The nameplate with the characteristics can be placed on all electric devices.
The deep strum of the line (for example, the rosette line) is assigned to the summation of the strum of all electric receivers. For the re-insurance of the strum, we choose the nearest denomination automatic machine on the big side. The stock for the strum 4.09A will have an automatic 6A.
It is even more important to note that the choice of automatic vimikach is less for the intensity of the venture є rough damage could fire safety And you can bring the insulation of the cable or the cable to sleep, and as a reminder until blamed later. It is necessary when choosing a brakhovuvaty shchey retin drotu chi cable.
For the intensity of the adventure, it’s better to choose the conductor’s cut. Wimogi should choose the video in general normative document for electricians under the name of PUE (Rules for Attachment of Electrical Installations), or rather in distribution 1.3. strumu, scho vіdpovidaє yogo pererіzu.
Automatic cable rewinding machine
Let's take a look at the problem of choosing automatic heaters for home electrical wiring in a report on improving fire safety. electrical tethers up to 1 kV., voltage drops at private booths, apartments, summer cottages, 220 chi 380V.
Voltage 220V. - single-phase merezha vikoristovuєtsya mainly for sockets and lighting.
380V. - tse in the main measure of rozpodіlnі - linії elektrotransmissions, scho to pass through the streets, from which budinki are connected.
Vіdpovіdno to the vomight of the wisest dividing, internal meshes Zhitlovyh and hromadsky budіvel may be protected from the streams of KZ and perevantazhennya. For vikonannya tsikh could be found aparati zahistu under the name automatic vimikachi (automatic).
Automatic wimicach "automatic"- ce mechanical switching device, turn on, hold streams at a normal lancer station, and also turn on, carry out a stretch of a given hour and automatically turn on streams in a designated anomalous lancer station, such as streams of a short hiccup and changeover.
Short chime (short)- Electrical connection of two points of the electric lance with different potential values, not transferring the structure to the building and disrupting the normal operation of the robot. A short hum may be due to damage to the insulation of the strum-conducting elements or to the mechanical closure of non-insulated elements. So, short zamikannya call the camp, if the opir of the vanity is less than the internal opir of the life.
Strum changeover- Protection of short circuit strums and overheating necessary for fire safety, to protect wires and cables from fire, and as a reminder to fire into the booth.
Long allowable strum- the size of the struma, which constantly flows through the conductor, and does not cause overhead heating of the wire or cable.
The value of the long-term allowable strum for conductors of various cuts and materials is presented below.
Vibration of automatic strumu short circuit short circuit
The choice of automatic vimikacha zakhistu vіd KZ (short zamikannya) skladє pіdstavі rozrahunkovy value struma KZ kіntsі liniї. Rozrahunok vіdnosno foldable, the size of the deposit due to the tightness of the transformer substation, the cut of the conductor and the length of the conductor is thin.
With the approval of the completion of the survey and the design of the electrical installations with the largest inflowing parameter, the length of the line, in our case, the length of the cable from the shield to the socket or the luster.
Because in apartments and private houses, the sound is minimal, then such roses should not be played and automatically selected with the “C” characteristic, such low-power lamps do not call for a high value of the starting stream, but even in the range for kitchen appliances, which may have electric motors, it is not recommended to use automatic machines with a characteristic, because. It is possible to start the machine when the refrigerator or blender is turned on by downloading the starting jet.
Selection of the machine for a long-term admissible stream (DDT) of the conductor.
The choice of an automatic switch for protection against overheating or overheating of the conductor is based on the value of DDT for a wire or cable that is protected. The rating of the machine is due to either a smaller or higher value of the DDT conductor, indicated in the table above. Cym is safe automatically turn on automatic machine for the hour of moving DDT at the merezhі, tobto. part of the wiring from the machine to the rest of the electrical receiver is protected from overheating, and as a result of the blame, it was burned.
Buttstock viboru automatic vimikacha
May I have a group from the shield to which it is planned to connect dishwasher-1.2 kW, cooker - 0.6 kW and electric kettle - 2.0 kW.
Vvazhaemo zagalne navantazhennya that counted strum.
Charge = 0.6 +1.6 +2.0 = 4.2 kW. Strum \u003d 4.2 * 5 \u003d 21A.
Looking at the table above, according to our insurance coverage, the strum is suitable for all cuts of conductors in the cream 1.5 mm for midi and 1.5 and 2.5 for aluminium.
We choose a copper cable made of 2.5 mm2 stranded conductors, because plug the cable a bigger cut according to midi there is no sense, and aluminum conductors are not recommended until zastosuvannya, and maybe fenced.
We wonder at the scale of ratings of automatic machines, which are allowed - 0.5; 1.6; 2.5; one; 2; 3; 4; five; 6; 8; 10; 13; 16; twenty; 25; 32; 40; fifty; 63.
The automatic switch for our measure is 25A, which is not suitable for 16A if the strum (21A) is outweighed by the nominal value of the machine 16A, which means more than one spratsovuvannya, when all three electric devices are turned on. The 32A automatic machine does not correspond to the fact that DDT is transferred to the 25A cable we have taken.
A table has been created for the selection of an automatic vimikacha of a single-phase circuit 220 V.
| Nominal strum of automatic vimikacha A. | Pressure, kW. | Strum, 1 phase, 220V. | Peretin lived for the cable, mm2. |
| 16 | 0-2,8 | 0-15,0 | 1,5 |
| 25 | 2,9-4,5 | 15,5-24,1 | 2,5 |
| 32 | 4,6-5,8 | 24,6-31,0 | 4 |
| 40 | 5,9-7,3 | 31,6-39,0 | 6 |
| 50 | 7,4-9,1 | 39,6-48,7 | 10 |
| 63 | 9,2-11,4 | 49,2-61,0 | 16 |
| 80 | 11,5-14,6 | 61,5-78,1 | 25 |
| 100 | 14,7-18,0 | 78,6-96,3 | 35 |
| 125 | 18,1-22,5 | 96,8-120,3 | 50 |
| 160 | 22,6-28,5 | 120,9-152,4 | 70 |
| 200 | 28,6-35,1 | 152,9-187,7 | 95 |
| 250 | 36,1-45,1 | 193,0-241,2 | 120 |
| 315 | 46,1-55,1 | 246,5-294,7 | 185 |
There is a table for the selection of an automatic three-phase vimikacha 380 V.
| Nominal strum automatic vimikacha A. |
Pressure, kW. | Strum, 1 phase 220V. | Peretin is alive cable, mm2. |
| 16 | 0-7,9 | 0-15 | 1,5 |
| 25 | 8,3-12,7 | 15,8-24,1 | 2,5 |
| 32 | 13,1-16,3 | 24,9-31,0 | 4 |
| 40 | 16,7-20,3 | 31,8-38,6 | 6 |
| 50 | 20,7-25,5 | 39,4-48,5 | 10 |
| 63 | 25,9-32,3 | 49,2-61,4 | 16 |
| 80 | 32,7-40,3 | 62,2-76,6 | 25 |
| 100 | 40,7-50,3 | 77,4-95,6 | 35 |
| 125 | 50,7-64,7 | 96,4-123,0 | 50 |
| 160 | 65,1-81,1 | 123,8-124,2 | 70 |
| 200 | 81,5-102,7 | 155,0-195,3 | 95 |
| 250 | 103,1-127,9 | 196,0-243,2 | 120 |
| 315 | 128,3-163,1 | 244,0-310,1 | 185 |
| 400 | 163,5-207,1 | 310,9-393,8 | 2х95* |
| 500 | 207,5-259,1 | 394,5-492,7 | 2x120 * |
| 630 | 260,1-327,1 | 494,6-622,0 | 2x185* |
| 800 | 328,1-416,1 | 623,9-791,2 | 3х150* |
