Zero working conductors in electrical installations are indicated by a letter. Color and letter marking of tires and wires

For a quick reading of diagrams and easy designation of various elements of electrical installations, the colors and letters of designation of tires and wires were regulated. The stench is clearly spelled out in the PUE, chapters 1.1.29 and 1.1.30 and GOST R 50462-2009.

Follow these rules. Tse allow any electrician to quickly rozіbratis at your rose under the shield. Wait a minute, you have asked yourself more than once about nutrition, and with some color you can make the “phase”, and with some “zero”. Below you will know the answers to your questions.

Color marking of tires and wires

The color marking is consummated for additional furring of the insulation of the strum-conducting veins at different colors. Tse to fight at the factory. It is also possible to have a color identification on the borders of the drotu at the municipality of connection. Let's say you have a single-core wire of one color. You can connect all three phases and mark different phases with different colors of electrical tape. How tse zrobleno in the photo below.

In accordance with GOST R 50462-2009, it was fenced in between green and yellow vicarious colors, but also for the hour of marking conductors. The stench of obov'yazkovo is to wash buti in a combination of yellow-green color.

The combination of a yellow-green color is indicated by a cold guide.

Neutral and middle conductors are marked with a blue color.

Accordingly, zero protections and zero working conductors are indicated by yellow-green colors on all days and blue marks on the ends of the connection, or on the other hand, blue colors on all days and with yellow-green marks on the ends.

The phase conductors are favored by such colors: black, brown and gray. Although cables are often trapped with other marked wires. With a change in the struma phase, the conductors see offensive colors: red, purple, erysipelas, orange, white, turquoise. To marvel PVE p.2.1.31.

With a three-phase stream, the tires are designated as follows:

• phase A - yellow color;
• phase - green color;
• phase Z - chervonim color.

At the Lanciugs fast strumu according to GOST R 50462-2009, darts are marked with the following rank:

• positive conductor "+" - brown color;
• negative conductor "-" - in color.

Up to PUE chapter 1.1.30, tires with a constant stream are indicated as follows:

• positive tire "+" - red color;
• negative tire "-" - blue color;
• zero working M bus - black color.

To be honest, working on the possession of a link, more than anyone to live in a fast strum, I have never once had a dart of brown and gray colors. I worked on dozens or hundreds of knots, and there all the “plus” darts were red, and the “minuses” were blue or black.

Letter marking of tires and wires

In electrical circuits, passports, and on the most possessed often, conductors and contacts for connection may be marked with letters. Below I will guide the decoding of these letter meanings with a change of stream.

• L - phase conductor at a single-phase line;
• L1, L2, L3 - phase conductors at the three-phase line;
• N - neutral (zero) conductor;
• M - middle conductor;
• PE - cold conductor;
• PEN - zero confusion and zero working conductors.

Deciphering the letter meanings with a constant stream:

• "L+" - positive (plus) conductor;
• "L-" - negative (minus) conductor.

I think you will have enough information, so that you can determine where in the chandelier the “phase”, “zero” and “earth” are connected to the terminal block, as well as need darts on the diagram.

Don't forget to laugh:

Introductory sleep at VNZ. Examiner:
- Explain, be kind, why the electric motor is spinning?
- And to that the electrician.
- What's the point of such a vіdpovіd? Why is it permissible for an electric power not to spin?
- And the one that is not round.
- Well, good, and the electric stove? Round? Why won't it spin?
- And to that a shortskin, rubbing in the bottoms.
- Garazd... A light bulb! Electric! Round! Smooth! Without legs! Why is the light bulb not spinning?
- And the light bulb is spinning.
- ???!!!
- And from when you її at the patron's minyaєte, what do you do? Aja vie її twist!
- Well... really... I'm twisting hmm... So! but then I її twist, and not out myself ...
- Well, you know, don't turn around on your own! He is an electric motor, maybe, electricity is needed!

Electric busbars are necessary for the connection of four elements of electrical installations in a single unit.

Appointment

Tires allow you to take all the elements of the electrical installation in one direction. As a matter of fact, they are conductors, who are known to be on a low level.

When there are a lot of tires in one place, we can talk about bus ducts. As a rule, stinks are installed on insulators, which serve as support for one hour. Hovaєtsya vin at a special box (channel). Zavdyakov tsomu vin is protected from factors dovkilla. The busbar line is forever guilty of being resistant to dynamic and thermal stresses, which is blamed on the impact of electric lines.

Busbars are electrically installed at a number of vikonannies. For їхнго rozpodіlu on vividly transferred kіlka kіlіkatsіy.

Behind the way of vikonanny one sees gnats and zhorstki tires. They are called in a different way flat and tubular. Curved tires do not twist. The stench is not the fault of the mother high rіven tyazіnnya. Moreover, the heaviness of all wires can be the same. Under the influence of temperature, the tire lining may be changed. Therefore, most models are equipped with flexible jumpers, which can compensate for changes. In addition, the stench is equipped with vibration dampers.

In addition, electrical busbars can be insulated and non-insulated. You should already name it, that in the first one the tire has a ball of insulation, and in the other one it doesn’t.

Classification of tires according to the shape of the cut

According to the shape of the transverse section, the electric busbars are subdivided into the following types:

• Pipe parts.

• Rectangular.

• Box parts.

• Dvosmugovі.

• Trismugov.

Flat tires with a straight-cut web are good for warming up. Їх vikoristannya dotsіlno in a measure with great power of the struma (from 2 thousand to 4.1 thousand amperes). In times of stink, they get together with a group of sprats. With this, a two- or two-trismog tire is established.

Selected tires make a number of shortcomings:

• It is important to carry out installation work.

• An inductive strum that expands unevenly.

• Low building vitrimuvat mehanіchnі dії.

• Reduced building to cooling.

• Low stamina to short bursts.

At a measure with a voltage of 10-35 kilovolts, there can be vikoristan box parts or flat bends. The most effective way is tubular. Vaughn may be low. Vaughn mіtsna, it's good to bring warmth. Electrical field for some time it is divided step by step. Zavdyaks do not blame the crowning.

See material for making tires

Depending on the material, from which the bus is being prepared, you can see the steps of the electric bus:

• MIDNI.

• Aluminium.

• Steel.

• Steel-aluminum.

The remaining option is a core, cladding from galvanized steel wires, more like a winding of droti from aluminum.

Alyuminієvі tires may come forward:

• Sticks to corrosion.

• Mayut high indicator of electrical conductivity.

• Small wag.

• You can see them below.

For їх vyrobnitstva plastic minimum amount house. Can be vikoristan low-alloy alloys of aluminium, magnesium and silicon. Additive elements allow for greater strength, plasticity, elasticity.

Mid tires can be stored in your warehouse up to 99.9% mid. So it is possible to mark M1. The brands ShMT and ShMTV are widely vikoristovuyutsya, as if they are being prepared from the acid-free brand. The stench is blasted with a step of softness. The first two letters of the marking ShMM and ShMT mean "Tire midna". The letter "M", which went far, characterizes soft virobi, "T" - hardness.

Marking with a changeable triphasic strum

Significance of the elements of electrical installations will be supplemented by "hints", as they appear in the color and letter designation of tires and wires. The stench is vibrating unseen. Їх regulate standards.

There are two ways of color identification of tires. The first thing to do is to apply the marking of electric busbars at the stage of preparation. Vyrobnik vikoristovy isolation of various colors. Another pidide in vipadkah, if you can only have one color. In such situations, vikoristovuyut color-coded electrical tape, for the help of which, different phases are indicated.

In a vipadku with a three-phase strum, the markings look like this:

• Phase "A" turns into a yellow color.

• Phase "B" is filled with green color.

• Phase "C" is filled with red color.

Appointment of conductors

Grounding conductor is marked РЄ. Vіn is always signified by a yellow-green color. Kolori go later lines. Moreover, the choice of two colors was fenced by DSTU. For a neutral and middle conductor (working) with marking N, a blue color is used.

When you join zero and working conductors, you must combine three colors. Marking at the time looks like PEN. The conductor wins a blue color, and on June 10, in the months of the day, a yellow-green color is seen. In the given hour, you can swipe and protilezhne zabarvlennya: yellow-green guide with blue swarming in the sky.

Letter marking

The wiring of the electric bus when changing the stream is deciphered in the following order:

• L - single-phase line conductor.

• L with numbers 1, 2 or 3 - conductor at the three-phase barrier.

• N - zero conductor (otherwise neutral).

• M - middle conductor.

• PE - grounding conductor (zahisniy).

• PEN - confusion null conductors(zahisny that robot worker).

With a constant streak, the signification may look like this:

• L+ - plus conductor (otherwise positive).

• L - minus conductor (otherwise negative).

All of these markings and signs may have an obov'yazkovy character. The stench is regulated by praised regulations.

It's hard to remember. Ale dosvidcheny electrician knows everything. Allow such marking to be significant, de that scho is connected. And the first person will be enough to understand, for example, how a tire is needed for electric machines. Vaughn may be needed for an hour of repair electrical wiring to the booth Before her, it’s easy to connect additional dzherel with a year.

At distribution 1.1 PUE of the 7th type.
“1.1.29. For color digital signage okremikh insulated or non-insulated conductors are guilty but of different colors and numbers are consistent with GOST R 50462 “Identification of conductors for colors or digital designations”.
Explorers zahisnogo grounding at all electrical installations, as well as null conductors in electrical installations up to 1 kV with a dead-earthed neutral, including tires, guilty mother letter designation PE and colors are indicated by late or transverse smugs that are blacked out, of the same width (for tires of 15 to 100 mm) yellow and green colors.
Zero workers(neutral) guides are denoted by the letter N and black color. Poednanny zero zahisnі and zero working conductors due to the mother of the letter of designation PEN and the color of designation: black color for all days and yellow-green smuga in the kintsy.
1.1.30. Letter-digital and color designations of the same tires in leather electrical installations may be the same.
Tires can be recognized:
1) at to the changeable triphasic strum: tires phase A - zhovtim, phase B - green, phase C - chervonim color,
2) when to a changeable single-phase stream bus B, arrived to the end of the winding of the dzherel of life, - chervonim color, bus A, which was brought to the cob of the winding of the dzherel of life, - Zhovtim color.
Sheeny single-phase strumu yakscho stinks є vіdgaluzhennyam vіd tires three-phase system, are indicated as good tires triphasic struma;
3) with constant streak: positive tire (+) - chervonim color, negative (-) - blueі zero work M – black color. …».

Citations help to avenge numerical pardons. In the first place, with a rough pardon, follow paragraph 1.1.30, which punishes you to put a yellow color and a green color for identifying two phase tires. GOST R 50462–92, dated January 1, 1994 until March 31, 2010, having harrowed the stagnation of the yellow-green color and the green color, so it is possible to stray from the yellow-green color. GOST R 50462–2009, which replaced yoga, which was until April 30, 2016, zastosovuvaty for identification of conductors of a more yellow color and green color. A similar fence to replace the new GOST 33542 (div.).
Identification station for identifying phase tires of yellow and green colors is created in low-voltage electrical installations, for which you can confuse your busbars with yellow-green markings and phase busbars with yellow or green zabarvlennyam. At the same time, the flexibility of the intercom connection to the phase busbars winter guides electrical wiring i, as a result - the appearance of voltage on the most conductive parts of the electrically controlled class I, the dotik of which is deadly unsafe for people.
In a different way, tires, which are one of the options for vikonnanny conductors, sound like a stop at low-voltage outbuildings, if it is possible to certify it to the highest possible national standards, it has been established that the color identification of the conductor is due to certify the standards of GOST R 50462–92 or GOST R 50462–2009.
Thirdly, one hour a change of blue and black colors for identifying the pole and middle tires will inevitably lead to unsafe confusion, the shards of the pole bus can be changed under the voltage of 110, 220, 440 and more, it is more practical to use the middle bus Moreover, GOST R 50462-92 looked at the blue and black colors as one color.
Fourthly, in the cited vimogi vikoristano understand " single-phase strum » ta « triphasic strum ", which is a rude pardon. Single-phase and three-phase can be electrical systems, electrical networks, electrical installations, electric lances and electrically equipped. Electric strum zgіdno z GOST R 52002-2003 “Electrical engineering. The terms and purpose of the main understanding "can be changed, constant, pulsating and sinusoidal.
By the way, at the glanced vimogi, formulated for the electric lances of the post-strumu, it was guessed zero operating bus. However, neutral conductors and, including, tires stop at electric lancers snake struma. The electric lances of the post-stroma struma have middle conductors. To that the tire is shown, but it is named middle tire.
In a way, the phase conductors are usually signified by letters. A, B, C". However, in the standards of the MEK and the divisions on the basis of national standards, the phase conductors mean otherwise - " L1, L2, L3».
By the way, the analyzes may have been formulated for electrical installations up to 1 kV, and the MEK standards and the relevant national standards establish the most up to low voltage electrical installations, which functions at a voltage of up to 1000 V of a variable jet and up to 1500 V of a permanent jet, inclusive.
Eighthly, the terminology is outdated in the widows, as it does not comply with the terminology of GOST 30331.1 (div.).
The appearance of pardons among the widows to the color and alphanumeric identification of conductors is explained by such reasons. Vimogi p. 1.1.29 PUE 7th view. were formulated on the basis of GOST R 50462-92, and clause 1.1.30 of the PUE of the 7th type. Bulo rewritten from p. 1.1.29 PUE of the 6th type. zrazka born in 1985 In this manner, the fundamentally accepted principles of color identification of conductors, established by the International Electrotechnical Commission and as such, are carried out by the GOST R 50462–92, GOST R 50462–2009 and other national standards, developed on the basis of their vimogi pue. Although 23 years have passed since the introduction of GOST R 50462-92 into law and changing this GOST R 50462-2009, it was more and more low enough for the correction of all national normative documentation And, even more so, the correct formulation of the analysis was possible in the distribution of 1.1 PUE of the 7th species.

Visnovok. Vimogi, concluded clause 1.1.29 and 1.1.30 PUE of the 7th type, it is necessary to replace the following:
Colours, and alphanumeric identification of conductors in electrical installations should be marked with the symbols of GOST 33542–2015 .