Install an ouzo in a private booth. ELV connection on the phase line. Z'ednannya zero wires

ELV - tse zasіb, scho protect people from damage by electrostrum. In addition, it is recognized for the protection of an apartment or a booth from the fire, as it may be possible to borrow an electrical wiring. A circuit without grounding can be competently folded, otherwise it won't be too bad.

Officials, what to add to the correct ELV connection

1. Understanding the principle of work. Vіd tsogo to lay a way to connect the singing minds of robots.
2. For a specific measure, select the correct ELV.
3. ELV including merging at emergency situations, If the strum coil reaches the set limit value.

Connection of ELV and machine: circuit without grounding

For home electricity sings are picked up, attach a zakhista and ways of connecting them. Scheme of connecting ELV without grounding, transferring the installation of devices on four lines or a wire for all wiring, after the head automatic switch and lichilnik. It is more important if the pristriy knows a yakomoga closer to the power supply.

Sound at the input set the ELV with a large nominal value (not less than 100 mA). Vono zastosovuєtsya is more important than protiozhzhny zasіb. After a new fault, ELVs are installed on the periphery of the line with a strum discharge not more than 30 mA. The stench of the zakhist people will be safe. When їх spratsovuvannі can be easily vyyaviti, on yakіy dіlyantsі becoming vitіk strumu. Other businessmen are practicable in the best regime. Regardless of the way of connection, all positive factors.

For simple wiring with a small amount of wiring, it is possible to install a 30 mA ELV at the input, which makes the functions of the people protected as well as anti-burning.

It is important to join in the missions to create the greatest need. They are installed for the kitchen, for the most electrical appliances, as well as for the bathroom and other applications promoted vology.

Important! Scheme of connection of ELV without grounding due to the installation of an automatic vimikacha at the same time with a skin device, the device’s shards do not protect the air short hum that sbіlshennya struma is more than the norm. Vimikach can be bought okremo, but you can add a differential automatic machine, which is the same function of both devices.

It is not allowed to connect wires above this clamp. For pardons, you can get out of tune.

The connection diagram of a single-phase ELV without grounding allows the installation of a replacement for a new three-phase accessory, but in this case only one phase is broken.

How to calculate the ELV for the presence of grounding

If ushkodzhuєtsya іzolyatsіya provіdіv аbо slackіpnіnі strumoprovіdnykh kontaktivі priladіv, vykayut striіvіv, scho proizvodnya іzvodіvannya provіvannya аbo іskrіnnya, in naslidok koryvіdok svаlіdok svіzpeka spaluєv. With a vipadical torment by a person of a naked phase dart, you can take away the passage of such a person through the body into the earth, creating insecurity for life.

Scheme of connection of ELV without grounding at the apartment or in the booth transmits a non-stop vimir strum at the inputs and outputs of the appliances. If there is a difference between them, the boundary is set, having opened the electric lansyug. Sound on the objects that are being protected, fight to be grounded. Ale yoga can not buti.

At the old houses of the Radianskaya village, it is possible to have ELVs in the schemes, and the desolation of the PE conductor (grounding). In the main three-phase budinkovoy line to the apartment wiring, a phase wire and a zero wire are connected, which connection from the source conductor is designated PEN. The three-phase apartment building has 3-phase PEN-conductor.

The system with the combined functions of working N and cold PE conductors is called TN-C. Type of city redundant lines a cable with 4 wires (3 phases and neutral) is inserted into the booth. A single-phase life from the inter-overhead shield should be placed on the skin apartment. Zero wire for the function of the control panel of the working explorer.

ELV connection scheme single-phase mesh without grounding, it is disturbed that in case of a breakdown, that phase that gets on the case does not work. At the connection with the grounding of the strum, there will be no leakage, but on the device there will be a potential that is not safe for life.

When dotik to the electrically conductive parts of the body, the electrical appliance for the passage of the jet is created electric lanceug at the ground through the body.
When the strum coil is below the threshold value, the attachment will not work, the strum will be safe for life. When moving between the ELVs, it is easy to connect the line from the dot to the hull. For the presence on the new grounding, the connection of the lancet can be up to the body of a person to the body, which can become a breakdown of the insulation.

Features of connection in three-phase meshes

Vіdpovіdno to PUE, the installation of ELV at three-phase fencing of the TN-C system is fenced. As an electrical receiver, it is necessary to protect, a grounding PE-conductor should be connected to the PEN-conductor in front of the ELV. Then the TN-C system is converted to the TN-C-S system.

In any case, the ELV needs to be connected for the promotion of electrical safety, but you need to work for the rules.

Select ELV

The differential automaton is selected with the tightness by one shackle higher, lower by one line of automatic vimikacha connected to it. Remaining insurance for work with a stretch of ten seconds or hvilin. The ELV of the same tension with him for such an adventure is not covered and can get out of hand. Low-power devices zastosovuyutsya when struma trochi more than 10 A, and hard - more than 40 A.

When the voltage in the apartment is 220 V, a two-pole device is selected, for example, 380 - a two-pole device.

An important characteristic of the ELV is the strum turn. Vіd yogo size lie down, chi zastosovuvati apparatus like protypozhezhny or for zakhistu vіd strum attack.

Attached to wash different swidths spratsovuvannya. If a swed-coded device is needed, a selective one is selected. Here there are 2 classes - S і G, where the rest of the nave has swidkіst.

Budova automatic machine can be either electromechanical or electronic. For the first one, you don’t need additional food.

By marking, you can distinguish the type of struma coil: AC - change, A - be it.

Pardons during the installation and operation of the ELV

1. It is not allowed to install a zero-voltage ELV from an electrical installation or a sub-panel board.
2. Zero and phase darts obov'yazkovo are connected through the zahisny attachment. As a neutral, pass the ELV, it’s practical, but if you do, you can get a pardon.
3. If you connect zero and grounding to one terminal in the socket, ELV is permanently spratsovuvatima when the connection is connected.
4. It is not allowed to install a jumper between zero darts of a small number of groups of supporters, as they are connected to an okremі zahisnі outbuildings.
5. Phases are connected to terminals, values ​​"L", and zero - to "N".
6. It is not allowed to add an attachment to a vіdraz after spratsovuvannya. At the same time, it is necessary to know and solve the problem, and then work on the connection.

ELV connection without grounding at the apartment

Probіy_izoljatsії for the presence of grounding to produce before the appearance on the body of the device to the potential, which will become unsafe for people. Vitik here will be less likely to happen after dotik. When the entire strum turn passes through the body, the docks reach the threshold value and the device does not turn on the lance.

ELV connection to sockets

For the presence of the TN-C system, the case will be connected to a zero wire. Scheme of connection of ELV without grounding for sockets transferring neutral connection to terminal 3. The same in case of breakdown of the jet from the body, the attachment is passed through it. Arrival next work at the entrance to the apartment.

Tse destruction of the rules, shards of growth and dynamism of the strum. When the voltage hits the neutral at the outer edge, it will lean on the cases grounded by a similar order of electrical appliances. Another shortcoming of this method is often the use of a smart machine when a connection is made.

Dane connection cannot work independently. As all work for the standard, it is necessary to change the project Wimogami PUE. In fact, it is possible to change the system to TN-C-S in an offensive manner:

• transition of the middle apartment from the two-wire to the three-wire fence;
• transition from the inner budding line to the five-way line;
• rozpodіl PEN conductor in electrical installations.

Features of electrical wiring for ELV connection

If the ELV is connected in a single-phase circuit without grounding, it is connected to a three-wire cable, but the third conductor to the zero terminals of the sockets and housings of the accessories is not connected until the system is upgraded to TN-C-S or TN-S. When the PE wire is connected, all the strum-conducting housings are attached to the voltage, so that the phase is spent on one of them, and the grounding will be daily. In addition, there are those static jets of electric appliances, which create an unsafe environment for people.

Without prejudice to the installation of wiring and electrical equipment, the easiest way is to add an adapter for ELV to 30 mA and switch it off when connected to electrical outlets. This connection method significantly improves electrical safety.

For electrical appliances and other applications with increased moisture, it is necessary to set the ELV to 10 mA.

Scheme of ELV connection in a single-phase grid without grounding at a private booth

The home lace can be the same as at the apartment, but here the ruler has more opportunities.

The simplest is to install at the entrance one fire or a sprat of ELV on the main lines of the home fence. For folding chains, a sling of rіvnіv zahisnih outbuildings is connected.

The 300 mA ELV inlet protects all wiring from the outside. In addition, it is possible to spratsyuvat for total strum coil in the right lines, to wind a coil on them in the boundaries of the norm.

Universal ELVs for spratsovuvannya at 30 mA are installed behind the proti-burner, and the advancing lines are due to the bathtub of that child’s room with I y = 10 mA.

How to connect grounding to a private booth

It is possible to build a grounding loop and change the TN-C-S tie. It is not recommended to independently connect re-grounding to neutral drotu. If the voltage hits the neutral in the outer line, the grounding point may be the same for all sudanny budinkiv. In case of a non-yakіsny vykonanna, I can burn it out and burn it. Dotsilno robit re-grounding at the place of introduction of a redundant line, which will lead to a minimum of lightness in the house.

ELV connection at the dacha

At the dacha, the scheme of implementation is simple, and the incentives are small. Here is a diagram of ELV connection in a single-phase line (photo below). ELV is selected by 30 mA (universal), from protection against fire and against electric shock.

Scheme of connection of ELV without grounding at the dacha, due to the installation of the head input and the pair of automatic devices on the lighting and sockets. If you need a boiler, you can plug it in through a socket or an automatic machine.

Visnovok

Scheme of connection of ELV without grounding - in an expanded way. Grounding also vikonu function and її it is necessary to connect correctly. It is important to pay respect to the supplementary defense of the bathing stone and other uses from the advanced waters. ELVs are expensive, but electrical safety is important here. In folding wiring diagrams, it is additionally necessary to install a small amount of protection steps from selective spratsovuvannya ELVs of a lower nominal value.

It is important to understand that the ELV is the only type of device intended for the protection of people from the electrostrum.

Having signed up with the denomination and the ELV number, you can start a non-intermediate connection. Attachments of this class are mounted at the back of the electrical panel, which can be confirmed technical minds for the given electric power supply, but we will have enough room for the placement of automatic machines and good wires.

As a rule, a metal electrical panel is installed on the introduction of the fence. Deyakі yogo raznovidi zakryvayutsya on the key, mayut okremia vіdsіk for the electric kettle. For the installation of the sound of the electrical panel, the mother of the militant anti-vandal case and protection against the influx of weather minds is to blame.

For connection through ELV to other groups of koristuvachіv yogo, the installation is easier to do without intermediary on the spot. In such a mood, there are plastic shields, the stench is cheap and aesthetic. The stinks can be like overlays, so they can be built into the wall or drywall constructions.

From simple to folding

Presented the simplest scheme The connection of the ELV gives the possibility to understand the principle - the zero conductor after the outbuilding is to be blamed for the insulation as well as other conductors. Vіn is not guilty of contacting either with the input null conductor or with the grounding wire PE.

Principle of ELV connection with automatic machines

Rozuminnya tsgogo simple rule allow me to independently choose a shield, be it a configuration, such a scheme would never be foldable. Another important rule of obov'yazkovo vikoristovuvat zahisny automatic machine, successively inclusions z ELV.

The scheme is given to be suitable for the transportation of one day or a dekilkoh, you can successfully win for the energy security of electrical appliances in the bathrooms, in the kitchen, in garages or in the basement.

Scheme with kіlkom machine guns zahistu

This type of connection can be found at the entrance shield, for the help of one ELV of the apartment. The image shows that, apart from the addition of automatic switches, a new element has appeared - a zero bus insulator that is installed on a din rail.

zero tavern

On the right, in the fact that after the skin vimikacha there is a phasic conductor, which goes in pair with a zero conductor to the rescue. Qi zero guides of the guilty mother electrical connection to the exit terminal N of the automatic smudging attachment. I realized that, given the great amount of stench, it is simply not physically possible to fit at the shackles.

Deyakі elektrikiki pіdpilyuyut current-carrying lived, like single-core cables, or spitting veins in the trunk cables, to squeeze in all the twisting zero darts at the socket is connected. So, work on the edge without care through those that the cut in the skin piercing conductor will be smaller, it will be more opir that heating.

A lot of contacts at one point will also create additional thermal imaging, simulating the situation. Solutions for the problem є connection null conductors on isolation zero bus.

The data is issued with different numbers of mounting openings of different diameters. Insulators that trim the bus can be fastened both to a DIN rail and to the shield body. The grounding bus bar PE is attached directly to the hull.

Z'dnannya all zero wires in one bundle is also not necessary through additional difficulties when looking for a malfunction on the line, or when dismantling one of the cables - you will have to twist the tie once, unwind the twist, which will lead to microcracks in the strum conductors.

But one-hour installation of two wires in the socket is allowed, as you can see from the little one, the entrances of the automatic machines are connected by jumpers. Professionals for these purposes vicorist special successful tires, called "comb".

"comb"

Copy the front diagram

In order to install a selective bagatorіvnevy zakhist, you need to twist the front scheme, just copy it, and paste it on the lower level, adding or tidying up the automatics, changing the nominal stream and the differential stream including the zakhisny extension.

Vhіdne ELV in some cases buti type S — selectively. On the hover scheme, it may be the same parallel connection ELV. In such a way, you can pick up the skils and fold the system for good.

Varto also means that the connection of a three-phase ELV is fundamentally not disturbed by anything, the replacement of single-phase automatic devices is three-phase. Electric motors can be connected to three phases without a neutral wire.

Early preparation

Switchboards can be equipped with attachments for 35mm DIN rails. In some virobs, it will be installed with a virobnik on the cob. When installing the ELV without intermediary on the site of the first operation, the connection scheme is to be blamed before the eyes, in order to avoid pardons and swindlers of wires.

Raztashuvaty automatics and outbuildings that are connected, it is necessary so that the entanglement of conductors disappears. The whole system can be viewed ergonomically and aesthetically.

And on the right, it’s not in the beauty of vikonan work, but in the fact that later, when repairing, replacing, or connecting additional elements, it will be easier to deal with all intricate wires. For this reason, it is necessary to stock up on a different-colored cable of the VVG type, which is similar to the streamer. Also, varto vikoristovuvati insulating PVC tube (cambric) for marking conductors.

To install with your own hands, you need the minimum required set of tools:

• twist;
• pliers;
• lower chi stripper;
• wire cutters.

Professional electricians for znyattya іzolyatsії vikoristovuyut spetsіynі pliers (stripers). With a small obsyazy of the installation work, you can get around with a knife, carefully picking up the insulation, without earing the vein. Ale for stripping bezlіchі kabelіv better stock up with a special tool - it'll be smarter and better.

Don't allow forgiveness

It is easy to have mercy on such a disassembled wire system, especially since the entire installation is included in one shield. It is necessary to gradually connect the skin ELV, starting from the introduction, completing the connections of the zero wires to the isolated zero bus, for the skin ELV.

It's important not to confuse neutral darts in different mechanisms of defense. Krіm tsego, the correct one plays a key role: here there will be intertwining zero wires from grounded wires, attaching spratsovuvatime to the right when you turn on the new voltage.

Polarity

Among some electricians, there is a change, in some way, changing zero and phase conductors. For electronic ELVs, such rules can be fatal - the internal eating is out of tune.

Electromechanical attachments are practical, but there will be nuances in case of faults - the phase contact will become smaller for a second. As a sampler indicates the marking of visnovkiv, it means that you have carried out a thorough sampling of that rose.

Dehto z electricians, trying to save on darts, can connect the ELV “downhill”, remembering the entrance and exit of the missions. Attachment will be practical, and an arc extinguisher can give a blow to such a temper, and with great vanity, at the moment of spratsovuvannya zahistu, a sprinkling of a thousand degrees of plasma can cause famously. Do not varto experiment with the correct connection, always need to trim the polarity.

culture montage

It is important not to allow tightness or sagging wires. Insulation can be taken for the whole length of time, entering the installation nest, but no more. Do not robit the bagatoria-separation of conductors. Tighten the clamp with a double twist, not allowing it to slip, do not overdo it from the force. Pereviryat nadіynіst montage dermal dart, pіdsmikuyuchi yogo hand.

In the previous articles, we reported on nutrition: what is the ELV, how do you type, how to choose correctly, how to connect, etc. If you don’t know anything else, then in the right-handed menu, select the section “EPS and differential automatics” and know the current information. And if you already know everything, then let's analyze the ELV connection schemes below. Itself in the skin type has its own peculiarities and to that there is an example of ELV connection schemes. Below, I painted them all over, supporting them with the necessary comments and clapping for your respect. Forward...

ELVs can be vicorated both in single-phase lines and in three-phase ones. The stench can stand at the entrance and protect the whole apartment from the windings of the struma, or they can stand on the edge of the line and protect only the single village of the fence. Therefore, you should add a lot of connection schemes. You need to know and read them, because rich modern butovy electric appliances the passport clearly indicates the connection to the electric grid through the first type of ELV. Seek out these recommendations. Believe me, it’s not a bug of micro-furnace ovens and cleaning machines, but your safety is ahead of us.

RCD connection diagram

Since it’s too rich, then I’ll bring only a little bit of overhead electrical circuits, so that they can allow you to connect ELVs in any situation.

Scheme of overhead ELVs at the entrance to a single-phase line.

In this scheme, one ELV is installed, as it should be placed at the entrance after a 2-pole automatic switch, but in front of the machines that come in. In this direction, the attachment immediately protects from the windings of the struma all the lines that come in. The lack of choice of such a scheme is the foldedness of the designated line, where the injustice (vitik strumu) became.

For example, early on, the phase was spent on the metal body of the electrical appliance, which was plugged into the socket and was put into the ELV (which is why it was grounded in the booth). The whole apartment went wild. What kind of electric appliance, at the rosette, there was an accident, it was unreasonable. To be brought for a long time shukati mіstsya inaccuracies. The advantages of such a scheme are the possibility of stowing a small shield and cheapness, so that it is necessary to buy only one accessory.

Scheme with a heating ELV at the entrance with an attachment to the form of electricity in a single-phase system.

Tsya scheme is similar to the front one, but with a twist to the shape of electricity.

Scheme in a single-phase line with overhead ELVs at the inlet and with group ELVs at the output lines.

Do you have a variant of the scheme for the entrance to the annex zahisnogo inclusion connect ELVs on the skin line that can be entered. Here it is only necessary to trim the selectivity, so that during the hour of the round the stream was not turned on at the same time by the group and the scorching ELV. How to choose ELVs selectively, see the article: How to choose ELVs. The advantages of this scheme are those that, in the event of a fault, only an emergency line is connected. Reshta apartments pratsyuvateme at regular mode. The disadvantages of such an option are the cost of the road (PZV is not a cheap toy) and the need to install a great rozpodilny shield, in which everything can be placed.

Scheme of ELV connection on the lines, which are included, in a single-phase line.

This variant is practically similar to the previous one. Vіdminnistyu є vіdsutnіst zagalny vhіdnogo ELV. It is very important for anyone that the purchase of a wild ELV is a waste of pennies, the shards of the skin line are already protected from the winds of the struma group. zahisniy pristroєm. Here only take a decision for you at the dodatkovyh vitrates. Let me tell you, but by rapt group ELV viide z fret and then the whole line will not be protected. Zvichayno, maybe buti and so. How so mirkuvaty, you can let go, what can be learned and inaccurate automatic wimicach. Don't get overwhelmed here. If you failed to put only group ELVs on the lines that come in, then it would be better. Someone who simply saves and doesn’t set aside.

Scheme of ELV connection at a three-phase line.

If you live in a private booth, then maybe your booth eats three-phase mesh. Below is a diagram for connecting a chotiripole ELV at a 380V gauge. So on the skin line, which you can enter, I painted group ELVs. I want to have the right to live that scheme without them. Usi phases, zero that land I signed. I think everything made sense.

Scheme of ELV connection at a three-phase grid with an attachment to the form of electricity.

This option is practically similar to the previous one, only here there is another electric power supplier.

If you are out of food and if you didn’t understand, then put them in the comments. I am satisfied with them.

Smiling:

Mily, why are you all moving and moving? Tell me what you think.
- Rozumiesh, love. Axis yakscho wrap the Earth that Moon middle dart at kіlka sharіv, then wiyshov bi disgraceful generator snake struma.
- I know you smoke usyak trash. Chi is not minty, but fast.

Hello, new guests and post readers of the site!

I continue a series of publications with ELVs that should be included before the course.

In these articles, we can look at the main ELV connection diagrams and at the end, as it has already become a tradition, the report video.

I already reviewed the design, the principle of work, the main characteristics, the methodology of the analysis, I gave the material to the descriptor, without going into subtle nuances, admitting that you already knew about them. As a matter of fact, I still blame you, I recommend that you read the relevant materials, sent to you, you will find the articles below. The article is supplemented with a report video, which explains.

Such a scheme can be twisted in small apartments, if the electrical wiring is new and not too tinted. Otherwise, it is possible to move the stream of the round and to pardon the ELV.

ELVs are set after the consumer of electricity. After the ELV, the zero wire is connected to the zero bus, and the phase wire is connected to the group automatics.

The advantage of such a scheme:

The cost of saving money (only one ELV is paid, but it is more expensive for an automatic switch);

- The connection is closed, all zeros after the ELV are connected to the zero bus, and the phase between is connected for the help of the so-called "comb";

- You can fit in electrical panel compact sizes.

Noodles:

When specifying the ELV, it is important to establish the cause, the shards of it are common for all groups;

- through a large number of groups under one ELV, it is possible to pardon a pardon;

- at the time of switching on the ELV, the whole apartment is fired at once.

Another scheme more universal and most stastosovuetsya.

The machine is a “vologa” group, it is connected with a green line with the installation of an ELV on a strum coil of 10 mA and, in sequence, an automatic switch is installed behind it, which protects the line from the strum flow and that short flicker.

To reduce the efficiency of pardons and improve the accuracy and efficiency of exploitation, shards at the time of the ELV, ask for reasons. At that very hour, the groups under the other ELVs are filled with practical dates.

Third ELV connection scheme.

In modern rich apartment houses, they are built in such a way. Near the corridor, on the exit maidanchik, a top rose shield was installed. At the new place, a new automatic machine and electric power supply are installed on the skin. Dali input cable enter the apartment, deinstall the apartment electrical panel, which already has commutation for groups with the installation of external outbuildings.

At superficial rozpodіlnyh shields“protipozhzhnі” ELVs can be installed, which have already been recognized in a report by examining them. The stinks of the most significant ELVs are adjusted with a larger setting for the flow stream - 100 mA or 300 mA.

In order to vikonuvatysya, baganno tsі ELV install selectively with the letter S on the front panel. Although it is not very selective to install, then when one of the group ELVs is used, it may be sing-songly spratsovuvatime and “protipozhzhne”.

We looked at three main ELV connection schemes. The stench is typical. A given skin view will have its own scheme, but it will be based on the topology of other schemes.

In practice, it is often necessary to complete the combination of schemes with alternative ELVs and difautomatic devices, but the topic is another great article. Would you mind not missing this exit? The subscription form for the news feed is below.

Watch report video:

Connection of the ELV (attachment of the zakhisnogo vyklyuchennya) - zagalnopriynyaty at svitov_y praktitsі zahіd podvishchennya elektrobezpeka spozhivachіv. Rakhunok vryatovannykh ELV human lives go to millions, and the zastosuvannya of ELVs in the areas of energy supply of rich apartments and private residential houses, residential arrays and industrial facilities will outweigh billions of congestions in the event of fires and accidents.

Ale, Galen's rule: "Everything is disgusting and everything is faces" is true not only in medicine. Sounds awkward, PZV in case of a thoughtless or disorderly zastosuvanni, you can’t just not save anything, but even become a prisoner of inaccuracies. For an analogy: if you have inspired Kіzhi with one juice, if you can make a chicken argue, but you can’t give someone juice into your hands, if you do it yourself. So let's get to know the ELV Gruntovnishe.

Nasampered

Whether it’s serious about electrics, it’s obligatory to follow the rules of electrical safety, and not for nothing. Electric strum don't carry visible sign nebezpeki, diya yoga on the body of a person develops mittevo, and the legacy can be trivial and important.

Ale, in this way, the language is not about the global rules of spelling electrical installation robots, and so good to know, but about something else: the ELV of the old Radiansk TN-C power supply system, which is a kind of neutral connection conductor, fits in badly. For a long time it was unreasonable, what did it fit into.

The mustache of the PUE is unambiguously important: in the lancers of the winter conductors, the installation of switching outbuildings is blocked. The wording and the numbering of paragraphs were changed from editorial to editorial, but the essence was understood, as it seems, by the marabou bird. How about getting some recommendations on how to get the outbuildings of the water supply? The stinks are commutative outbuildings, and at the same time they are included in the phase expansion, so ZERO, what kind of one-hour and zahisny conductor?

Nareshti, in (PUE-7A; Rules for the construction of electrical installations (PUE), 7th edition, with additions and changes, M. 2012) p. at chotiriprovidnyh triphasic lancers(TN-C system)." Viklikano taka posilennya, in spite of the numerous recommendations, fixed by the incidence of electrical injuries during the work of the ELV.

Explained in an example: The gentleman for pranks at the car hit the body of the TEN, as shown by the yellow arrow on the little one. Oskіlki 220 In the strum rose all over the Tena, on the body appear about 50 V.

Here comes the offensive factor: electric opir of the human body, as if it were an ionic conductor, to lie in the applied voltage. From yoga zbіlshennyam opіr people fall, and navpaki. Let's say, in the PTB, the rozrahunkov value of 1000 Ohm (1 kOhm) is absolutely primed, with spіtnіlі razparenіy shkіrі or in the camp of sp'yanіnnya. Alethodі at 12 V strum is due to 12 mA, but it doesn’t allow a (ship) strum to 10 mA anymore. When did it hit 12 V? Get drunk drunk in a jacuzzi with sea water? Navpaki, for this very PTB 12 V - the voltage is absolutely safe.

At 50-60 in the wet, do not exceed 7-8 mA. Tse is a strong, painful blow, but a smaller strum for judgment. Possibly, it will be necessary to likuvannya in nasledkiv, but before resuscitation with defibrillation on the right, do not go.

And now we “zahistimosya” ELV, do not understand the essence of the matter. The contacts and contacts are muted, and with a stretch of 0.02 s (20 ms), and absolutely synchronously. Z ymovirnistyu in 0.5 the first contact will open. Then, figuratively, apparently, the potential reservoir Tena zі shvidkіstyu light (literally) rise up to 220 throughout the whole day, and 220 appear on the body, and 220 mA pass through the body (a red arrow on a little one). Lower by 20 ms, or 220 mA - it's too little to drive in the value of 100 mA twice.

Well, you can’t put ELVs in old budinkas? All the same, you can, but be careful, do it with the help of others. It is necessary to choose the ELV correctly and connect it correctly. Yak? It will be told about this later at the relevant branches.

ELV - what and how

ELVs in the electricity appeared at the same time with the first power transmission lines at the sight of a relay zakhistu. The assignment of all ELVs remains unchanged until the next day: turn on the supply of electricity in case of an emergency. As an indicator of an accident in the most important ELV (and for all additional ELVs) there is a strum turn - when the ELV is moved above the set point between the ELVs, the electric power supply is switched off.

Then, the ELVs began to zastosovuvat for zahistu vіd breakdown and borrowing about okremih electrical installations. Before the song hour, the ELVs were filled with “anti-burning”, the stench reacted to the strum, which turned off the ignition of the arc between the wires, less than 1 A. “Fire” ELVs were released and stopped until the next day.

Video: what is ELV?

ПЗВ-Е (ємнісні)

With the development of electronic conductors, we began to try to create ELVs, which are recognized for the protection of people against electrostrum. The stench worked on the principle of an eminent relay, which reacts to a reactive (emnisny) displacement strum; with whom the person works like an antenna. On the same principle of inducement to all, there is a phase indicator with neon.

PZV-E volodiyut including high sensitivity (parts of µA), can but vikonnі practically mittevo and absolutely baiduzhі to grounding: a child who stands on an insulating pіdlozі and reached out with his finger to the phase in the rosette, » And turn on the power, don't take your finger off the docks.

Ale, PZV-E may be an important nedolіk: they have a flow of electrons in the stream of the coil (strum of conduction) - after all, the electromagnetic field is blamed, and not for that reason, the stench is very sensitive to the pereskod. There is no theoretical possibility to “teach” the PZV-E to tease the little husky, who opened the “cicada little thing”, looked at the tram, who screamed on the street. Therefore, PZV-E vikoristovuyutsya less than a sign for the zahist of special powers, along with their direct obov'yazki with an indication of dotik.

ПЗВ-Д (differential)

"Wyvernivshi" PZV-E "navpak", far away to know the principle of operation of the PZV "reasonable": it is necessary to go without a middle in the primary flow of electrons, and to follow the balance (retail) of the outer streams of the POWER conductors. Yakshcho vіd spozhivacha vіdtikaє іvno stіlki zh, skіlki before new pіshlo, everything is garazd. Yakshho pіshov rozbalans - here flow, treba vіdklyuchati.

The difference is in Latin differentia, English difference, so the ELVs were called differential, ELV-D. In a single-phase line, it is sufficient to equalize the magnitude (modulus) of the jets at the phase conductor and the neutral, and when the ELV is connected to the three-phase line, the vectors and the jets of all three phases and the neutral are equal. The essential feature of ELV-D is that if there is a scheme of electric power supply and other conductors that do not transmit slow strain, you must pass the ELV, otherwise you will inevitably receive a pardon.

For the creation of the buttov PZV-D, it took about an hour. In the first place, it was necessary to accurately determine the size of the strum to the balance, I’ll be safe for people for an hour infusion, which is more expensive to use the ELV. UZO-D, set on an imperceptible or on a smaller strum, which is not allowed in, appeared to be great, foldable, expensive, and the aiming “caught” less than a trio more than UZO-Є.

In another way, it was necessary to develop high-coercivity ferromagnetic materials for differential transformers, div. lower. The radiopherite was not good enough, not working induction, and the PZV-D with transformers on the deck were superfluous: it’s possible to wind a small deck transformer at a good hour, it can reach 0.5-1 s.

PZV-DM

Until the 80s, studies were successfully completed: strum from studies on volunteers chose 30 mA, and swidcode differential transformers on ferrite with induction of 0.5 Tl (Tesla) allowed s secondary winding znіmati potuzhnіst, suffice for a non-intermediate drive electromagnet rozmikach. At the same time, differential electromechanical PZV-DM appeared. In Denmark, this is the widest type of butt ELVs, so DM is omitted, but it seems that ELVs are written.

Differential electromechanical ELV works like this, div.

Zovnishhnіy vglyad іz explanatory meaning on the case of three-phase and single-phase ELV indications for the little animal.

Note: using the "Test" button, the ELV should be re-tested in case of skin re-inclusion.

The electromechanical ELV protects only a few winds, but the simplicity of that “oak” superiority made it possible to unite the ELV and the strumovy automatic machine in one building. For which it is necessary to increase the thrust of the fixator of the rozmikach under the wire and bring it into the electromagnet of the trumpet and ELV. So the winemaker is a differential machine, which will ensure the latest protection of the spozhivachiv.

However, a difavtomat is not a PZV and an okremo automatic machine, just remember it clearly. Zovnishhnі vіdmіnnostі (silovy vіl vіl zamіst praportsya аbо buttons re-enabled), like a little one – only vibrancy. Important value of ELV in the form of a differential automatic device is indicated when ELV is installed in power supply systems without zahisnogo grounding(TN-C, off-grid electricity), div. Below I have divided about the connection of ELVs without land.

Important: okreme ELV recognized for defense TILKI vіd vitoku. The rated strum shows how many ELV values ​​are practical. ELV at nominal 6.3 and 160 A with the same balance of 30 mA to give the same level of protection. For difavtomatah strums, the amount of the automatic device should be lower than the nominal strum ELV, so that the ELV did not burn out when the meter was overwhelmed.

PZV-DE

In times “E” means not a container, but electronics. PZV-DE are conjured up by them without intermediary or electrical installation. The difference of strums they use is a conductive magnetosensitive sensor (a Hall sensor or a magnetodiode), its signal is processed by a microprocessor, and a thyristor is switched off. ПЗВ-DE, compact size, may have the following advantages:

1. High sensitivity, similar to PZV-E, at the same time to PZV-DM.
2. As a result of high sensitivity - the ability to react to the grounding stream, so, PZV-DE, turn on the voltage, first, lower it, to hit someone independently in the presence of grounding.
3. High swidcode: for the "rozgoduvannya" PZV-DM it is necessary to have one first period of 50 Hz, tobto. 20 ms, and if only one unsafe breath could pass through the body, so that the ELV-DM worked. PZV-DE is better to spratsovuvat under pressure "probіnoї" napіvіlі at 6-30 V and insert it into the bud.

The shortfalls of PZV-DE are ahead of the high varity, the power of energy (minor, but when the voltage falls, the PZV-DE can not be spratsyuvat) and scalability to vіdmovi - electronics all the same. Outside the cordon of chipping, rosettes expanded widely in the 1980s; in some countries, they are stagnant in children's rooms and the institutions are obligatory according to the law.

We have PZV-DE still little known, but darma. The comparison of a mother with a mother to drive a wire to an outlet from a “sweet look of a fool” cannot be compared with the price of a child’s life, to wind up like a beshketu’s apartment is wrong Skoda and troublemaker.

Index PZV-D

In the fallow, in the annex, and the name of the ELV can be added to the main additional indexes. For indexes it is possible to increase the forward choice of ELV for the apartment. Main indexes:

• АС - spratsovuyt vіd rozbalansom zminnoї warehoї strum. Vikonuyutsya, ring out, anti-burning, on the balance of 100 mA, because cannot protect against a short-hour pulsed coil. Inexpensive and even more expensive.
• A - react to imbalance as a vibrating and pulsating strum. The main vikonannya - zahisnі 30 mA to the balance. It is possible to pardon the misuse / non-practice in the TN-C system in any case, and in the TN-C-S in case of filthy grounding one / or the presence hard work with significant power reactivity either pulse blocks living (DBZH): cleaning machine, air conditioner, cooking surface, electric oven, food processor; smaller world - dishwasher, computer, home cinema.
• B - react to the strum coil, be it of any kind. Either design ELV of the “burning” type for 100 mA to balance, or use ELV-DE.

Additional indexes to give a statement about the additional functional capability of the ELV:

1. S - selective for the hour of spratsovuvannya, it is regulated no more than 0.005-1 s. The main area of ​​zastosuvannya - in the energy supply of objects, powered by two exchanges (feeder) with automatic transfer to the reserve (ATS). Regulation of the time of spratsovuvannya is necessary, so that in case of loss of the main exchange, AVR was spratsyuvati. At some point, you will stay in elite cottage villages or mansions. All selective ELVs – fire, for a 100 mA difference, and the settings after 30 mA are required ELV for a stream of a lower stage, div. far.
2. G - swidkodіyuchі and nadvіdkodіyuchі ELV with the hour of work 0.005 s and less. Engage in childish, primary, jubilant pledges and in other moods, if an unacceptable “slip” would be one hostile singsong. Vinyatkovo electronic.

Note: For the most part, the ELVs are not indexed, but are divided according to the balance and balance: electromechanical for 100 mA - AC, stench for 30 mA - A, electronic ones - B.

PZV-R

Mayzhe not known to non-specialists for different types of ELVs - not differential, as if spratsovuyut with a strum at the control conductor (P, PE). Engage in promiscuity, Russian technology and in other situations, if you create strong transitions and / or you can control reactivity, create a PZV-DM. They can be both electromechanical and electronic. Sensitivity and swedkodiya for pobutovyh minds - unsatisfactory. The obov'yazkovo is highly grounded, which is serviced.

Select ELV

In order to correctly select the ELV, the index is not enough. It is also necessary to say so:

• Kupuvat okremo ELV with automatic chi difavtomat?
• Pіdіbrati or razrahuvat znachennya vіdsіchennya ekstratokom (perevantazhennya);
• Designate the nominal (working) strum ELV;
• Select the required strum coil - 30 or 100 mA;
• As it turns out, for a slanderous zahist you need a “lighter” ELV for 100 mA, you need to know, skilki, some necessary secondary “life” ELVs for 30 mA.

Okremo chi together?

In an apartment with TN-C wiring, you can forget about the difavtomat: PUE is blocked, but ignore it, so the electrician herself will soon guess. The system TN-C-S difavtomat will cost less for two more extensions, as it is planned to reconstruct the wiring. If a strum machine is already worth it, then a cheap wire can be used for it on a working strum okreme ELV. Letters on the topic: PZV іz zvichaynym nesumіsne automaton - amateurish nonsense.

On the yak, the need to re-roof?

The strum of the machine (extract) exceeds the maximum allowable strum of the apartment (boudinka) multiplied by 1.25 and added to the nearest higher value from the standard range of strums 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.3, 8, 10, 13, 16 , 20, 25, 32, 35, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 250, 400, 630, 1000, 1600, 2500, 4000 and 6300 A.

The maximum strum of the accommodation of the apartment is due to the entries in the technical passport. Yakshcho nі - you can find out in the organization that exploits the life (goiter is to follow the law). Older booths and new budget ones have the maximum allowable strum, as a rule, 16 A; for new stars (family) - 25 A, for business class - 32 h 50 A, and for suites 63 h 100 A.

For private households, the maximum strum is paid beyond the limit of reduced pressure from the technical passport (do not skip the registration of the instance) from the cost of 5 A per kilowatt, with a coefficient of 1.25 and additions to the nearest higher standard value. Just like the technical passport, the value of the maximum streak of comfort is directly stated, yoga is taken as the basis for the rose. Dobrosovіsnі proektuvalniki on the planі electrical wiring directly indicate the strum of the head machine, so you don't have to worry.

Nominal strum ELV

Nominal (working) strum ELV to take on a shovel more strumu vіdsіchennya. How to set up a difautomatic device, choose it according to the STRUM OF VIDSITKI, and the strumovy nominal value of the ELV of the mortgages is constructive.

Video: PZV chi difavtomat?

Strum vitoku that zagalna scheme zahistu

For an apartment with TN-C-S wiring, you will not be pardoned without any thought, take the ELV for a 30 mA balance. The TN-C apartment systems would give a few assignments, but it is not possible to give clear and residual recommendations for private houses.

According to paragraph 7.1.83 of the PUE, the working (natural) strum of the turn is not guilty of overestimating 1/3 of the strum of the ELV balance. Ale in a house with an electric warm pad in the front, illuminated the yard and the garage with an electric heater, a working stream of a coil can reach 20-25 mA with a living area of ​​60, 300 squares.

In general, as there are no greenhouses with electro-hydrogenous soil, which heats up the water sverdlovin, and the door is illuminated by economy, on the introduction of the lichilnik, it is enough to put on fire ELV nominal strum on the feet, moreover, the strum is approved by the machine, and on the skin group of survivors - according to the ELV with such a nominal strum. An exact rozrahunok can only work more fakhivets for the results of electrical wiring already finished.

Apply the rosemary

First - new apartment with TN-C-S wiring ; according to the data sheet, the limit of reduced pressure is 6 kW (30 A) . Pereviryaemo machine - stand at 40 A, everything is OK. ELV is taken on a stage or a motor behind a nominal stream - 50 or 63 A, it does not matter - and on a balance balance of 30 mA. We don’t think about the strum turn: in the middle of the norms of guilt, secure the alarm clocks, but don’t – then fix it yourself without any cost. Vtim, contractors do not allow such punctures - to know what smells like for a guarantee.

Other. Khrushchev, plugs for 16 A. We put the prilka on 3 kW; strum spozhivannya - close to 15 A. For її zakhistu (and zakhistu vіd ї) it is required ELV with a nominal value of 20 or 25 A for 30 mA of balance, but 20 A ELV is rarely available for sale. Take ELV for 25 A, but in case of emergency, OBOV'YAZKOVO needs to clean up the plugs, and replace them with an automatic machine for 32 A, otherwise the situation is possible, described in detail. As the wiring clearly does not show a short-hour charge of 32 A, nothing is visible, it is necessary to change it.

Whether it be necessary for someone to submit an application to the energy service for the replacement of a lichnik and the reconstruction of the electrical wiring, either with a replacement or without a replacement. The procedure is not too complicated and a bug, but a new lichnik with an indication will be able to serve a good service, div. rasdіl about spratsyuvannya that inaccuracies. And for the first hour of the reconstruction of the ELV, it is possible to allow the registration of electricians without a cost for the death, which is also bad for the future.

Third. Cottage with a limit of 10 kW, which gives 50 A. The fire coil for the results of the control is 22 mA, moreover, the booths are given 2 mA, the garage is 7, and the door is 13. imbalance. The door of such a time is more likely to be closed without its own ELV, but the lamps for the new one are taken from the water-proof buildings with a grounding clamp (industrial type), and lead these earths directly to the ground loop, so it will be better.

ELV connection at the apartment

A typical ELV connection scheme near the apartment is pointed at the little one. It can be seen that the main ELV is switched on closer to the introduction, and after the lichnik and the head (pid'ezny) machine. In the same place, the drawing shows that ELVs are not included in the TN-C system.

If necessary, okremih ELVs for groups of survivors їх include in the same time for the vіdpovіdnimi automatic machines, vidіleno zhovtim on the little one. Rated strum of secondary ELVs is taken on a step or two, lower at your machine: for VA-101-1/16 - 20 or 25 A; VA-101-1/32 - 40 or 50 A.

Ale tse in the new houses, but in the old ones, de most common zakhist: there is no land, the wiring is awful? Htos there declared enlightenment about the connection of ELVs without land. Pevno, yakraz until the next thing.

ELV without land

Citations on the cob n 7.1.80 PUE is not in proud self. There are additional points to explain how, after all (well, there are no grounding circuits in our booths, there are none!) “Push” the ELV into the TN-C system. The essence of them is as follows:

1. It is unacceptable to install a fireproof ELV chi difavtomat on an apartment with TN-C wiring.
2. Potentially unsafe survivors may be protected by the ELVs.
3. Zahisnі conductors of sockets or socket groups, recognized for the connection of such spozhivachіv, due to the shortest path of the establishment on VKhІDNU zero terminal ELV, div. right hand diagram
4. It is allowed to switch on the ELV in a cascade for understanding that the upper ELVs (closest to the electrical installation) are less sensitive, the lower ones.

The person is smart, but ignorant of the subtleties of electrodynamics (below, to the point, to sin and richly graduated electricians-siloviks) can be recounted: “Pochekayte, what's the problem? We put a high ELV, we start the input zero at the same time PE - and you are ready, the cold conductor does not communicate, we have landed without earth! Yes, she is not.

The electromagnetic field of the installation of that cord before it is also switched off in view. It was first noted in the middle of the device, otherwise it did not pass certification and was not expected to be sold. At the cords, the darts pass close one to one, and their field is surrounded by them independently in frequency, tse t. T-sweat.

In an apartment with a fire alarm, it is permissible, for the presence of individual ELVs, switched on according to the recommended circuit, to set the ELVs for 100 mA to a difference in balance and with a rated strum on the slab In the described example, for Khrushchev it is necessary to connect an ELV and an automatic machine, but not a difautomatic machine! When the automatic machine is beaten, the ELV can be lost from the robot, otherwise it will sharply increase the mood of an unfortunate mood. For this, the ELV for the face value should be taken two steps higher than the machine (63 A for the selected butt), and for the difference - for the higher end 30 mA (100 mA). Once again: at difavtomatahs, the nominal value of the ELV is to scatter more struma for shovel, which is not suitable for carrying out without land.

Video: ELV connection

Well, axis, it rang ...

And why spratsovuє ELV? Not as already described, but why? And what work, how did it work? Yakshcho wobbled, so it's not right?

Right. You can't just turn it on after the spratsovuvannya, the docks are known and the reason is found out. And to know what is “not so” you can do it yourself without special knowledge, you can fit the tool. I will help you a lot in getting a great apartment electric kettle, because I don’t know antiques.

How to know wine?

First, vimikaєmo all vimikachi, viimaєmo all of the sockets. Vecheri for whom you happen to be quick as a lighter; More quickly, at the same time, when installing a charge for the ELV, attach a hook to the wall and put on a new cheap light bulb.

Vіdklyuchaєmo pіd'їzny chi main apartment machine. Don't get in? Blame electromechanics ELV; need to ask for repairs. You can’t dig on your own - life is important, and after repair, a re-verification is needed at a special facility.

Noticed, but when the voltage was applied, it vibrated again when the wire was empty? In the ELV, either the internal imbalance of the diftransformer, or the "Test" button is stuck, or it was not carried out correctly.

Trying to get under the strain, marveling at the lichnik. I would like to hit the “Earth” indicator (div. fig.), otherwise it was noted earlier that the fault of the pidmorgue is a wind at the conductor. It is necessary to conduct vimir. If the ELV is installed in the order of the reconstruction of the wiring and registered in the energy service, it is necessary to contact the state electricians, the stench is to be reconsidered. Yakshcho ELV "self-duty" - pay special firms. The service, vtim, is not expensive: today the possession is allowed for 15 min. know the turn of the wall with accuracy up to 10 div.

Ale first, call the company, you need to check the sockets. Excrement comah give a wonderful wind from the phase to the ground.

The wiring does not inspire a fight, it was turned on section by section with automatic machines, but did the ELV sound “on empty”? Incorrectness of the average. І rozbalans, і zalipannya "Test" call in most cases not condensate, but rather intensive vikoristannya, but also "tarakushkin poop". In Rostov-on-Don, there was a fall, if in an absolutely doglyanuty apartment in the ELV there was a nest ... of Turkestan canoes, which was unbelievably drunk. Healthy, with majestic, hard churches (tweezers on the tail), terribly evil and biting. At the apartment, the stench did not manifest itself.

ELV spratsovuє when connected spozhivachіv, but is there no short circuit sign? We turn on everything, especially potentially unsafe ones (div. divided about the classification of ELVs by indices), we try to turn on the ELVs, again wondering at the lichilist. For once more, crim "Earth", light of the indicator "Reverse"; sometimes yogo means "Turn", next. Rice. It is worth mentioning about the presence of the Lancuse of great reactivity, capacitance and inductance.

Shukati of the defective life follow the reverse order; by itself, the wine may not reach the ELV to spratsovuvannya. That’s why everything is clear, then we’ll turn on suspicions, and we’ll try to vmikati. Turned on, nareshti? Tse vin i є, reversive. For repairs, but not for electricians, but for “butovim”.

In apartments with TN-C-S wiring, it is possible to slip, if the ELV is not clearly indicated. Todi ymovirna reason - filthy land. Still saving power, grounding already does not allow other warehouses to change the spectrum, that zahisnі guides work as an antenna, similarly to TN-C apartments from outdoor ELVs. Such a phenomenon is most likely to be observed during the period of greatest drying up and freezing of the ground. What about work? Stress the operator budіvlі, let's bring the contour to the norm, I'm guilty.

About filters

One of the main problems with robotic ELVs is the overshoot of by-button technology, but in an efficient way fight with them - clay ferite filters. Bachili knobs - "bumps" on computer cords? Tse stinks є. Ferrite rings for filters can be purchased from the radio store.

But for power ferite clays, the primary significance is the magnetic penetration of the ferrite and the magnetic induction of the intensity of the newcomer. The first can be no less than 4000, and more shortly - 10,000, and the other - no less than 0.25 Tl.

The filter on one ring (in the mountains on a small one) can be installed with a “shumka” installation, as it is not guaranteed, it can be closer in the lace input. Tsya robot for the completed fakhivtsya, the exact scheme is not to be induced.

The sprat can be simply put on a lace cord (in the figure below): from a glance of electrodynamics, everything is the same, the winding conductor is close to the magnetic circuit or navpak. In order not to cut a firm lithium cord, it is necessary to buy a plug, a socket block and a piece of clothing tri-core cable. For sale and ready-made merzhevі cords with ferite glazing pereshkod, but the cost is more expensive, lower self-contained selection of parts.

Video: pardons when ELVs are connected

Visnovok

As has already been said on the cob, ELVs are not a panacea for electrical problems. There is a big change in the damage caused by the electrostrum, but the electrician all the same does not tolerate the thoughtless and harmless cause for him.

The best option for the development of electrical safety entry is to install chipped sockets and install electrical installations of electronic differential ELVs everywhere. At such a time, the TN-C power supply system, having saved its economy, could become completely safe.