Snip of internal electric fencing. Wimogi pue and snip before the installation of electrical wiring near the apartment

Roblyachi self-installation and repair of electrical wiring near the apartment, not varto vigaduvat schos own. Іsnuyut zagalnopriynyati rules for the installation of electrical wiring, undertaking such a threat with filthy insults. There are two types of rules that slander the attachment of electrical installations and everyday standards. Shortly stinks are called PUE and BNiP. Mustache of the main points of these rules is the responsibility of the nobility of the leather electrician.

Basic points for the rules

In the rest of the hour, after saving money, someone will proceed to the installation of the electrical wiring independently. All points of SNiP and PUE nobility simple people not necessary, but the axis of the main norms and help to help correctly and safely complete the installation.

Selection of wires from the cut

Zgidno zі statistics, more pozhezh vinikaє through the filth camp of the electrical wiring. And yet there is one more such factor, like over-advantaging. First of all, let's look at one more understanding - the electrical installation. If you go back to the dictionary or the rules themselves, you can figure out what, if you understand them, there is a sign of a group of electrical installations that works in one place that is mutually related to each other. All the possessions are creating the same interest in the electrical wiring. If the vanity outweighs the power of the strum, if it is possible to vitrimat the dart, the same vanishing is created. We get warm, and then we save the wiring.

The electrical installation of the apartment is made up of the necessary accessories, which are used in the form of electricity. It is obov'yazkovo to enter the vuzol of the ledge, representations of a rozpodіlny shield. The middle of the shield is equipped with automatic devices that protect the electrical wiring. They turn on the supply of voltage, which means that the power of the struma three times overwhelms the nominal value. But if the edge of the drotu itself is less than the norm, the wine does not show the rated strength of the struma, if it is possible to use the automatic machine. The result is a pile of wiring.

It is possible to prove, as it were, that in the middle of the accommodation of modern apartments, the electrical wiring can be wired with a copper cable covered with non-combustible insulation. Aluminum darts lost in the distant past, so that the stench does not show off all the vanity of the current butovy electric appliances.

For the norms of vicorist, see the cable like this:

• for the connection of the apartment to the rozpodilny shield, it is possible to use VVG-2 with a rebar of 6 mm2 or VVG-5 with a rebar of 6 mm2;
• for the installation of the main line wiring and the connection to the sockets, it is necessary to install VVG-3 with a 2.5 mm2 pereline;
• all the lighting to vimikachіv and lighting fixtures are laid with a VVG-3 rod with a 1.5 mm 2 retina.

All points are subject to the rules of BNIP and PUE. The principle of rozrahunkiv foundations on the fact that the wiring of the electrical wiring can be vitrimati nominal navantazhennya, obmezhenie zahisnym machine.

Characteristics of VVG cable

Wimogi lived to the bone

Turning to the same rules of the PUE, in the 7th edition you can find out how to confirm that all the electrical wiring of the residential premises can be wired with a three-core mid-wire cable. The third core is needed for grounding.

There are two types of grounding systems, which are lifted by a point below zero:

• TN-S system with sub-line of working zero (N);
• TN-C-S system with bottom sour zero(PE).

As if it wasn’t there, the cable with three cores is to blame for the electrical panel, so the phase (L), zero (N) and, obviously, grounding (PE).

Grounding wire protects people from damage electric jet, as well as a mustache for electric appliances in the event of a burnout. When installing electrical wiring, grounding conductors, you need to give special attention. As soon as I opened it on the filthy terminal block, under the hour of a breakdown of the phase on the case, the voltage of the electric device is not safe for everything. buttovі attach, connected to an outlet.

In order not to have an unstoppable urvish, it is impossible to stop living in twists. For these purposes, special terminal blocks are used, which are fixed by a different mechanism for locking the door. At the extreme vipadku, you can vikonati soldering. All connections are to be found in separate boxes, sockets and shields, so that they can be easily accessed.

If the attendant's presence is old aluminum conduction, її replace it with a new midna. Even though it is impossible to work, it is impossible to close the mids lived with aluminium, they are allowed only by special terminal blocks.

Wimogi to the placement of sockets, wiring and electrical wiring

It is not possible to place sockets randomly around the room and vice versa. Here you can find your own strengths SNiP 23-05-95:

• Wimikachi mount on a stand with a maximum of 100 mm from the door opening from the side of the handle opening. Up to the height of the installation near the apartment, there were no special signs, a smut, so that it was easy to grow. Іsnuyut vimogi for children's mortgages, deviance of vimikacha vіd pіdloga can become 1.8 m-code.
• According to the norms of BNiP for 6 m 2, one socket is allowed to be installed. Ale, following the same rules, the connection of a permanently installed iron was blocked by-button technology through transference. In such cases, it is allowed to install such a number of sockets, as is necessary for the connection of butted electrical appliances. Often such situations occur in the kitchen, where one socket is not enough.
• Sockets for the bathroom of a guilty mother of a high class protection from water. Їx spaced no closer than 600 mm from objects that make breezes, and connect through ELV. Sockets can be placed there, where they can be manually brushed. One vimoga polygaє in minimum distance 100 mm from pіdlogi, vіkonta doors, as well as 200 mm from steel.

As far as the wiring is concerned, more precisely, to the outlets and the switches, the cable must be 500 mm from the gas pipeline, and from other communications - by 40 mm.

Clearly see the wiring

We would like to confirm that all wiring cables are to be laid strictly horizontal or vertical lines. Іsnuє kіlka vid_v correct installation of electrical wiring:

• the most secure and aesthetically important wiring is attached. Її lay under the underlay, near the voids of the slabs of overlap, on the walls under the plaster. As a structural element of a bunker made of firewood, the cable is protected with a metal sleeve;
• The simplest thing is the call wiring. Її are laid at special channels, fastened to the wall. Plus, such a system has easy access to the cable for repair, but it is not aesthetically pleasing to look at the residential premises.

There is also a third type of electrical wiring - combinations. Vin includes the marriage of two front views. For example, the main line is to be laid under the foot, or on the stele, and the descents to the rosettes and vimikachiv to shy away. Combination method zastosovuєtsya very rarely, and that is more important for auxiliary applications.

The most common way to fix the attachment is the installation method, but here it’s important to transfer the possibility of replacing the cable when you get out of tune.

It is optimal to lay the darts in a corrugated sleeve, so that they can be removed and replaced without ruining the plaster. The corrugation is laid at the quiet grooves themselves, cut with a grinder or a wall chaser. Before speech, the rules of BNiP are fenced when cutting grooves on the back structures to cut metal reinforcement. Also unacceptable is the choice of sticks in panel blocks to replace the grooves.

Zahisnі automatic

All lines of electrical wiring near the booth are guilty of being protected by machine guns. Їx install y rose under the shield following this principle:

• to automatic devices, rozrahovanih on 16 A, turn on the lights;
• put 20 automatic machines on the line of sockets;
• sockets for the connection of hard-wired butt-type electrical appliances lead with a line to the socket-outlet shield from the connection through a 25 A automatic machine.

Krim zahisnih avtomativ, ELV is put on all electrical wiring, which is used when the jet coil is 100 mA. The skin line is additionally connected up to the ELV, insurance for a 10-30 mA turn indicator.

Line breeding schemes

All the comforts near the apartment with different electric appliances are suspended at the rozpodilchomu shield, deactivated by the electric chiller. On the input cable pridaє main vanity, to that yogo mount great peretina. Smaller cuts are brought to the skin softener, the shards of them are smaller.

Grounded on these vimogi, there are three breeding schemes:

1. The loop circuit is called connected buses. There is a transfer of laying the traditional cable line from a thick cable, which is supposed to go through pink boxes vіdgaluzhennya s thin darts on the back.
2. Bigger supremacy and zruchnym vvazhayutsya radical connection. It is grounded on the subsidence of the okremih line of the escutcheon to the skin spazhivacha. The minus is a large winding through the wall of a large amount of cable.
3. The third scheme is called combined. The won is made up of the first two.

For an hour at the rich apartments of the electrician, they mount a combined circuit.

Installation of wired electrical wiring

Attached electrical wiring can be laid at the walls, on the stele and under the bed. Here, we need to prepare the apartment until the apartment is heavily polluted through the construction of the strobe and the dismantling of the part tax cover.

Cable laying at the wall

The widest way is to lay the cable in the grooves, cut through the walls. Robots are repaired from the mark of the whole application. On the wall of that stele, transfer an exact copy of the folded scheme of breeding. The grooves are hand-cut with a shtroboriz, and for yoga, you can use a grinder or a perforator. Until the expansion of the strobes, there were no special ones. It is necessary to re-roof the cable or the corrugated sleeve, for the sake of knowing that the stench of the beast will be covered with a 10 mm plaster ball.

The center of the grooves is the cable fastened to the skin 500 mm. We’ll forgive someone with a simple gypsum rozchin, zavdayuchi yoga through the singing. Finally, fix the wiring for additional dowels and clamps. At the points of connection of sockets and vimics, socket boxes are installed, and for connection, socket boxes are attached. Vіlnі kіntsі drota to start at the sockets and rozpodіlnі boxes, de vіdbuvayutsya remaining connections of all contacts with terminals at the main circuit.

Let's stop the connection of the incoming cable in the middle of the electrical panel. If you give a load to the mesh and, if everything works correctly, you can proceed to scalding the strob with gypsum. Naturally, the putty of the grooves and the grooves of similar robots will be fixed when the electricity is turned on.

Laying the cable under the sub-log

An economical option is to lay the main line under the sublog. It’s easier to work, if there is still no subtext cover. Otherwise, some of the deacons will have to dismantle. The essence of the method is based on laying sleeves from corrugated or special pipes for the okremo skin cable. The conductor is guilty of freely penetrating the middle of the sleeve, so that yoga in the future can be replaced, without dismantling the cover for the pidlog.

Rozpodіlny shield to fasten on the wall. Before the new one, connect the input cable to the input cable. The middle of the shield should be further connected to the automatics. At the exit points, there is a connection to the sockets, lighting fixtures and fittings, and a 200 mm long cable outlet. Here they install rozpodіlnі boxes. All further connections are connected in the same way, like when laying the cable in the wall.

Cable stowage

Please help me panel booths. A lot of electricians lay the cable in the middle of the voids of the slabs of the overhead overlaps. Most often here are the lines of illumination of the room. Sob not to cut the grooves, through the walls stretch across the empty plates and let out the wire from the drilled opening in the center of the steel for connecting the lighting fixture.

In the middle of the stele overlapping, you can organize a lead line, then on the wall there is no more room for sockets and vimikachiv. In the case of turning the cable and the cable outlet, at the separate box, let out a maximum outlet of 150 mm from the steel under a straight cut.

essence for critical installation polagaє at the laid cable at special boxes. A whole lot of squirming along the walls and the stele. The work starts with the same layout of the room. Attach the boxes to the painted lines for additional dowels and self-tapping 500 mm crochet. On the opposite side of the wall, they mount the outer roses under the boxes. Rosettes and vimikachi vikoristovuyutsya so only zovnіshni. Connecting all the divorces is the same as for attached holding Only here it is not necessary to cover the grooves with gypsum. Boxes with cables in the middle are closed with decorative caps.

Ways to install sockets and vimikachiv

In the fall, according to the type of wiring, there are sockets and vimikachi ovnіshny or vbudovany zrazka. Older models are simply screwed to the wall with screws or glued with glue. Under the model, which vbudovuvaetsya, with a crown in the wall, they see the burial, in the middle of which a socket is fixed with gypsum. The socket or vimikach at the socket is fixed with a pressure mechanism.

Dotrimuyuchis rules for the installation of electrical wiring, practically all robots can be installed at home independently. Ale, yakscho є yakіs sumnіvy, better consult with fahіvtsy.

Dosit often during the week, or carried out in the booth, as well as at the apartment for repair, it is necessary to replace the electrical wiring. Obviously, for the vikonnannya of this manager it is better to ask a professional, and for the home masters to carry out all operations independently, and for him it is necessary to know how to install the electrical wiring correctly.

The robot starts, as if it were something else, from planning, based on principles, first for everything, security, and then prosperity. Non-balance with whom is unacceptable, for that with electricity, fry the trash.

The main documents can be found on the site http://docs.cntd.ru/. Zgіdno z іsnuyuchimi budіvelnimi norms and rules (SNIP), electrical wiring is guilty of provnіstyu vіdpovіdat vimog ekspluatatsії і planі bezpeki.

Hard rules

For dermal type materials, the use and other factors are important. With strict control, the correct and stable operation of the explicit electrical control is guaranteed.

It is necessary to fold the plan on the back and clearly follow the steps of the vikonanny. All operations should be carried out carefully and competently - to allow them to escape and secure the life and life of everyone who is alive.

Especially strict rules are presented to the houses made of wooden materials, even if the stench can be very combustible. At the time of closing wooden surfaces, asbestos fabrics are laid on the surface with vicorous materials, which are laid under the darts. But if you don’t know anything, then the darts and cables are powerful, they recently appeared on the market of metal or plastic pipes, zovsim not combustible. Zavdyaky tsomu montage robots are prepared richly swidshe.

There are no such suvorih until the end of concrete and concrete budіvel. These materials are practically fireproof, so the wiring can be done right at the wall, upright.

This type of wiring has a number of advantages:

• ease of installation;
• simple service;
• possibility of repair;
• ease of replacement.

This wiring should be carried out strictly according to SNIP, following the installation rules. Її you can hide in the shell, what you steal, but do not robit її. It helps to improve the richness of food and fit well into the interior of the retro style. If it costs a lot of PUE, then the stench is less in the nuances of vіdіznyayutsya vіd installation of electric mains, scho vbudovuetsya.

For the correct and safe installation of electrical wiring near the apartment, it is necessary to know the daily standards. Tse dopomozhti to save unfortunate vpadkam, po'yazan z electricity, save your life and continue the term of service of electrical appliances.

Basic documents

The rules for the installation of electrical wiring are described in BNiP - these are the norms and recommendations that help to safely conduct electrical wiring in the process of life or repair. Since 2010, all the daily norms have been known to the stars of the rules. Recently, Viyshov SP 256.1325800.2016, in which it was described how to power supply, grounding, installation of electrical wiring in apartments, private booths, and public buildings. The version has been updated, however, you can check it out earlier, having familiarized yourself with the points of the update in advance.

BNiP has its own duty to comply with the Rules for the construction of electrical installations (abbreviated as PUE) and the rules fire safety.

Krym tsgogo іsnuyut raznі guests, scho rozpisût standards and attach grounding, cables and other important elements of electrical mergers. So, GOST 31565-2012 regulates the attachment of cable bending from the point of view of fire safety. And GOST 50571.15-97 is to be applied for correct gaskets cable. Vykoristovuєtsya p'yaty rasdіl, in a kakomu opisanі vomogi before the installation of electrical wiring. A licensed electrician knows the basic safety rules and standards, and can properly install the electrical wiring.

Importance of stosuvannya norms

In order to avoid any problems during the installation of electrical wiring, it is necessary to correctly open up the area of ​​the transverse section of the wires, even to lie in it. Chim more opir, then the darts will heat up more strongly. An important role is played by the correct selection of materials for the cable, the installation of darts, the selection of the installation site, insulation materials. It is necessary to properly develop the intention and the feat zahisnі outbuildings don't forget about grounding

A pardon can be brought to a halt, and, like a last, wink after. Sob what did not happen, it is necessary to beat the norms of the rules. If everyday life was ruined without their dues, then the insurance company will not pay insurance for an unfortunate incident. Spending material money can be even more valuable, for the sake of human lives, the waste of which is wrong.

ELV setting

In order to secure the wiring, it is necessary to install an anti-fire attachment ELV (attachment zahisnogo inclusion) and put it on a new value. For the central line, 100 mA is installed in the strum coil, and 10 mA for the other line. In the event of an increase in these indications, ELVs may be taken.

At the same time, the laying of electrical wiring can be done with less cables, which are safe and are allowed by GOST. The most popular option for the vikoristannya VVG cable and yoga modifications. Vіdpovіdno to vymog PUE in living booths it is necessary to vicorist three-core cables from middle veins. It is not possible to zastosovuvat aluminum. Aluminum rods lead the electrician to the booth and for the connection of two metals, install the terminal blocks or the transition washer in the bolted connection. Direct contact blocked.

Installation of sockets and vimikachiv

Іsnuyut important considerations before the installation of electrical wiring, how to roztashuvannya vimikaіv i sockets. Vymikachi should be placed in rooms at a height of approximately 1.5 meters depending on the level of the logs, and the main criterion for this is the soundness of vikoristannya.

Installation of sockets should be carried out at a height of 0.5-0.8 m from the level of the logs. For the shortest deployment, it is necessary to know more about how the equipment will be installed.

For six square meters maє buti not less than one socket. In the kitchen, there may be less than three sockets, independent of the quadrature.
Admissions promoted vology(bath, toilet) sockets can be installed, as if they could provide underfloor insulation, moisture protection of power. Zhivlennya may zdіysnyuvatsya vіd okremy transformer.

It is unacceptable to install sockets near the grounding batteries or other metal objects (you are responsible for becoming a minimum pivmeter). Mustaches are to be found in special boxes.

Wire laying

For special respect, meritorious laying of wires. It can be prihovanoy, vіdkritoy or zdіysnyuvatisya іz zastosuvannyam kombinovanogo method. Regardless of the method of laying, the norms and rules for the distribution of electrical wiring seem to be:

It is also necessary to pay attention to the retail distribution of group electric wires, depending on the type of room. It is possible to recognize from tables 14.2 of SNiP 31-110-2003, so the very installation of electrical wiring is determined by DERZHSTANDART R 50571.5.52-2011. Referring to the table A.52.2 of this GOST, you can find out about the method of installing electrical wiring in the fallow in the fall and її roztashuvannya.

Dotrimannya standards

In apartments near private booths, it is necessary to comply with the standard for the installation of electrical wiring. Among them we could see the following:

The laying of wires in other water areas, such as a bath, toilets can be broken to a minimum. On surfaces with high heat output, it is not possible to tap closed wiring, it is possible to tap open-type wiring, but the temperature dovkilla not guilty of revisiting +350С.

It is not possible to twist the wires without additional insulation. For the span of wires, if they are not protected by insulation, it is necessary to put on the skin dryer and close the insulating tube.

When passing through an orphanage in a dry, or navpak, it is necessary to isolate the skin. If the passage goes from dry to dry, then only one insulating tube is allowed.

The passage of darts between the tops is to be carried out in pipes, and in the same time the darts are not to blame but twisted. For illumination of the area, a single-pole vimikach is installed.

The reason for this may be the place between the wires, so that the legacy sticks of the wires can be better soldered or zvaryuvati.

Rules for different types of wiring

For skin-type installations of electrical installations, it is necessary to comply with the current rules.

The closed type is the most secure, to that, in case of yogic vicariousness, all the darts are hidden and protected from the mechanical injection. Ale wine is to complete the long and laborious preparation procedure, and it is necessary to prepare the “tunnels” at the wall as a minimum. Tsey way to do a good job of vikoristovuva, as you have the walls sewn with drywall, even for fixing the darts, it is enough to place the wiring behind the sheet.

- The simplest way to lay wires. The advantage of this method is the ease of replacing and repairing the cable at a different cost. Most often, yoga is victorious in the auxiliaries.

Combining the way of laying the electrical wiring will be in itself closed and open the gasket, which will ask the manager, but we can have our own standards. Boxes for laying lines should be chosen more importantly with plastic ones, the stench is more practical and more practical. The box has a large space for placing all wires.

It is safe to note that it is possible to vikoristovuvat vіdkritiy sposіb, then the sockets with vimikachami are to be blamed on special sockets, their diameter is to be blamed for the change of rosettes.

It is necessary to vicorate special flat darts of APRV, APR. For the obviousness of easily combustible walls, earlier they won insulation for asbestos (togethering for the standards is not guilty of less than 0.5 cm). However, other safe materials with excellent insulation characteristics are being used today. Insulating ball roztashovuetsya between the wall and the wires, and at the same time the zamikannya does not let the wall fall off.

There are no absolutely identical electrical installations. You can know your own peculiarities in skin. Ale pardons, which are allowed during the design and installation of electrical installations, as a rule, one and the same. It is described here typical pardons, Yaki can be overcome by Pisl Installation of Elektro Installations Budivel That Spookud Highway Up to 1000 V. Independently tasked with the rules of the electro-residents of Vіdbuvyuzuz in Vicannі Robit, Yak Inodi Kazhuya "Your Hands", Tobto without an across the design of the electro-standard ECONE installation of the Elektrontazhniki Elast.

Type of cable brand

Mabut, the widest pardon for the hour of vikonanny electrical installation robots- Vykoristannya cables that do not comply with the normative documents. 15 and more years ago, the choice is not foldable: two - three brands of cable available for installation did not call for power. Ale at a time, fallow according to the type of application that is electrified, or else there will be only one type of cable installation for displays fire ailments close to ten: ng, ng-LS, ng-HF, ng-FRLS, ng-LSLTx, ng-FRLSLTx and so on. І kozhne z tsikh vykonan can є p'yat categorіy іz nerozpovsyudzhennya gorіnnya. Cables vikonannya NG (for example VVG NG) at the present time it is more important to vicorate at the existing electrical installations.

For electrical wiring of residential applications, a cable with the ng-LS index is sufficient (which does not allow the installation of a cable with a group laying, with a decrease in smoke for gas ventilation), but for nursery a required cable with the index ng-LSLTx (which does not rozpovsyudzhuyut fire at group laying, with a decrease in haze of gas emission and with low toxicity of products in the furnace). The most important areas for choosing cables are listed in Table 2. On the Danish standard, or on the yogo national analogue ¾ suffixed from all Technical mind on specific brands of cables. Therefore, it is necessary to consider Table 2 of these standards not as a recommendation, but as an aid.

For systems anti-burner zakhistu those other systems, which in their minds should be held accountable for the safety of work, the necessary cables, and the presence of the FR index (FRLS, FRHF, FRLSLTx, FRHFLTx). The translation of these systems can be found in the rules section (clause 4.8).

Understatement

Peretin lived in cables and wires, but it can be selected depending on: working jets, allowable losses at the line, confirmed by the insurance company, the costs and safety of the parameters of the lansyug with the characteristics of the equipment, for which short jets are cut.

It is unacceptable to simply look at the tables with the PUE of the re-wiring capacity of the cable with a long-term allowable stream. It is allowed in the tables that there are no heat sources from the cable, including other cables, and the temperature of the superfluous core does not exceed 25 about C. Therefore, correction factors are needed for the actual temperature of the core core and for the tube bundle, the cable bundle.

Vyhodyachi zgogo, do not allow varto for the most widened cables with middle conductors with a span of 1.5 mm 2 strum more than 10A and for oversized conductors of 2.5 mm 2 - over 16A.

The power supply for choosing a crossover of cables is reportedly reviewed in the articles on the site:

Daily access to the day lived cables and wires

This situation is also expanding the violation of the rules for electrical installation. Before the installation of the electrical wiring, it is necessary to provide access to all outlets. There is enough damage to the contact in one connection, so that the electrical wiring practically completely ceases to function. Tsya vimoga was waived at clause 3.10.

A similar benefit can be avenged at clause 526.3. Ale tsey standard allows for certain types of vinyaks from this rule. For example, how to z'ednan, vykonanih zvaryuvannyam, soldering or obrasuvannyam. Ale paragraph 526.2 of the standard GOST R 50571.5.52-2011 recommends unique soldering, crim communication schemes.

Often, when there are electrical installation work at apartments and office booths that are built for an individual project, the terminal boxes do not fit into the design project, and they are inaccessible for inspection. In such cases, it is necessary to twist the wires for the connection of the cables in the terminal boxes, pressing or welding.

Soldering with lead-tin solders for z'єdnan conductors of group fencing is often fenced through the possibility of poor insulation.

In an ideal way, in decal areas (corridors, komori) to slab a hanging stele, de-separate boxes with z'dnannym group merezh. Safe and easy access to the boxes, the possibility of modernizing the electrical installation.

Uncertainties

This is one of the main reasons for the failure to burn that, obviously, the most safe violation of the rules of electrical installation. In fact, electrical engineering, vtim, like and radio engineering, is the science of contacts. Rules for contacting contacts, points 3.8 ... 3.10 and 3.34, points 526.1 ... 526.6, as well as points of Chapters 1.7 and 2.1 of the PUE. This is not an exhaustive list of normative documents that regulate the rules for the formation of contact contacts. Wart respect for coming in against weakened contacts of bolted connections, the need to transfer a reserve of cable for re-admission, to help prevent mechanical troubles in the areas of connection.

For group merezh the best parameters Volodiyut z'ednannya, vikonnі zvaryuvannyam and opresuvannyam at the sleeves. It is possible to win a different number of marks for these purposes.

Soldering with lead-tin solders with safe overhead contact, but this species can be difficult for you: with acidic fluxes, it is necessary to wash the place after the soldering, so you can not get it when you place the boxes on the wall. Excess flux will insulate and may cause a short flicker. With victorious rosin, the process takes a lot of time. That is why often the whole view of the fence falls under the fence of a hundred group lighting and rosettes. In addition, at the time of a short flicker in the line, the solder may melt when heated.

It is not allowed to twist the wires with a twisted wire, the shards of such a wire can still lie due to the qualifications of the installer. Twisting can last 30 years, and can win even for a day.

It is not possible to allow direct contact between medium and aluminum conductors. The simplest way to seal is to bolt the seal, in which the copper and aluminum conductors are separated by a steel galvanized washer.

Destruction of security winter guides

Usy zahisnі conductors are the guilty mothers of the task of ensuring the safety of the electric lansyug. Tse vimoga chapter 1.7 PUE and paragraph 543.3. When connected to a group electrical sockets with a train (so it is with the lamps) the conductor is guilty of buti connecting not to the terminal block of the socket, but to the lamp, but we will fix it with a zatiskach. That is, when only one socket is connected to the loop, it does not appear on the continuity of the protection conductor from the cob to the end of the group of sockets.

Damage to the integrity of the building structures

It is not allowed to lay electrical wiring through the elements of future structures, which are considered to be stressful, as it is not possible to guarantee the integrity of these structures after laying cables through them. Tsya vomoga є, for example, at point 527.2.4.

It is unacceptable to reduce the importance of columns and crossbars, which are the main attraction.

The lack of color saturation lived in cables

This is one of the reasons for electrical injuries. In PUE, and other key documents, it is prescribed for foreign explorers (RE) to win the colors of yellow and green colors that are drawn. Null conductors (N) are indicated by black color. Accordingly, zero proofs and zero working explorers (PEN) signify with a black color throughout the whole day from yellow-green smugs in the kintsy. It's a pity that there are no rare fluctuations in wires that lived in cables of black and yellow-green colors, like working conductors, which are known to be under pressure. Just the one that didn’t have a cable with the necessary contaminants is alive. It is not necessary to bring people to risk with an electric strum, if the voltage is there, de її in principle, but not guilty.

For the arrival of conductors, it is necessary to twist the cables without black and yellow-green conductors. If you don’t dare to know the cable with the necessary color markings, then it’s better to tighten the rods into the pipes, lower the rules for electrical installation.

Incorrect choice ELV

Attachment of a zahistnogo switch-on (PZV), which reacts to a differential strum, can be caused by an overstrum (strum of a short strum), and may not cause such a strum. Sometimes it can be brought to light that instead of transferring the circuit of the electrical panel of differential automatic devices, an ELV is installed without protection from the overhead.

PZV іz vbudovanim zahistom vіd nadstruma often called a differential automaton. Such an attachment is to protect the electric line from the revantazhen and from the coils of the struma to the ground. You can look at the labeling of these attachments in Rozdil 6. Please note that the nominal strum is indicated in conjunction with the type of characteristic of the mitt's nozzle. For example, the designation “С16” means that the warehouse of this ELV has automatic wimicach h nominal strum 16 A with characteristic type "C".

ELV without vbudovanogo zakhistu vіd nadstrumu zakhiє electric lanceug only a few turns to the ground. For zahistu vіd revantazhen ta short chimes dodatkovo vikoristovuyut automatic vimikach. Methods for marking such ELVs are provided in Rozdіlі 6 . The main parameters I will add are the nominal working jet and the nominal switch on the differential jet .

Visibility of front details when passing through walls and overlapping

Pass the cables through the walls and between the tops of the overlapping through the curtain details, which can be used as pipes or boxes. When passing through the walls (partitions) that are burning, it is necessary to burn steel pipes. Qiu vimogu can be found in paragraph 3.18.

All gaps in the passage of cables through the walls must be filled with a fire pit, which can be easily seen.

Electrical wiring is to blame

Helpful PUE (Rozdil 7.1) and (Chapter 14) are often ignored. At attached electrical wiring the possibility of replacing cables is available to any monolithic pipes and canals of everyday structures;

In this case, it is allowed to lay cables of group treads at the grooves (furrow walls) under the plaster without the possibility of replacing them in booths, vykonanih s budіvelnyh konstruktsii z non-combustible materials. Ale, follow the mother in the country, what's in PUE term“permissible” means that technical solutions can be accepted from the seemingly implied inclusion of the rules for the obviousness of any specific difficulties in the implementation of the full obligation (PVE, clause 1.1.17).

Width of insulation on the hook for hanging fixtures

Gaki and studs for hanging lamps at the living houses of the guilty mother of the annex, which isolate their types of lamp. Qia could be spared from rich regulatory documents, for example, at paragraph 3.328 and at paragraph 4.46. With this SP 31-110-2003, it is allowed to install non-insulated hooks at different wooden ceilings, or when connected to lighting fixtures in class 1.

The biggest pardon that is allowed in electrical installation

It didn’t sound strange, but the greatest pardon in the case of electrical installation work is to increase the number of numerical sites, so to force the reader not to the most important regulatory documents (GOST, BNiP, PUE), but to articles with a long time old zmist. For example, it is possible to know, for example, the recommendation to conduct the PUNP wire, which, regardless of the yogo promotion, will be fired (at the same time with modern cable banks) the cable plant will continue to carry out the work without being on the same wire TU. On these sites you can find information about how to choose a cable wire and a lot more. First of all - most of all those that 10-15 years ago were the norm, at the same time they can already be listed in the “harrowed” section, shards are constantly being added to new materials and installation methods.

You can find references to the most requested regulatory documents for electrical installation standards up to 1000 V in the website.

If electrical installation is more than once a hoarding of vikonati yoga “with your own hands” in your home, and all life is tied to it, then it is important to know the basic normative documents that steps for їх urgency.

Here, not a new change has been made for the widening of the norms for electrical installation. To this end, I will write the following parts of these articles.

You can read about pardons for electrical installations, related to electrical switchboards, at the article site.