+ Acoustic method or shock method
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How to joke about electric cables

With the similarity of the principles of the search for power in power cables for the search for power, it is more convenient to use other methods. Varto respect that electricians have a lot of reasons why it’s easier to smuggle dirks on their cables, because there are a lot of “rebuses” typical for poshkodzhenie cables, it’s not necessary to play here. For example, cable electricians practically do not vicorize bridge circuits, and the contact method is a joke (shtir), and the reflectometer does not show after a good pickup thick kava It is related to the fact that high-voltage power cables vitrimyuyut voltage close to 30 kV and a stream of hundreds of amperes, apparently can be a vikoristan methods of spitting and blowing, described below.

For a search, it is necessary to try out cables and to have electricians with insufficient portable appli- ances and to win the whole transfer laboratory on the basis of any car. Sound at the Russian vikonan such a car can be written on the body of the LVI, which is deciphered as a high-voltage testing laboratory. With all the possession of the laboratory, it is mainly composed of installations that are hard-wired to the body of the car. Vrahovyuchi, what do the LVI schemes win great stress that strumi, deyaka part of the possession vikonu zahisnі functions.

High-voltage test of the laboratory of high-voltage tests

Control panel for high-voltage testing laboratory

Robot LVI starts from a great number winter visits. Harty, described in the joke "the most contact method of asking" is deadly unsafe here. Working with electricians, you begin to understand the sense of rich points from the PUE.

High voltage cable testing

It’s clear that most of the time, it’s possible to find a fault without re-checking the cable with a megohmmeter. Repair by supplying a test voltage to the cable. A similar cob follows the order described in the methods, but it’s not true. Isolation of the cable, which is "vistral", maybe more than 10 MΩ, which, scorched, conforms to the norms and everything is wrong with the cable itself.

The voltage is progressively lifted up to 30-50 kV. As a rule, a faulty cable is faulty and it is necessary to check the block of high-voltage tests. The laboratory is switched to another mode wetting mode.

Wetting of high-voltage electrical cable

The installation is connected, what is lost. In the photo of the control panel, there is a large block of cubic shape of the evil at the bottom. The installation looks like a high voltage in the cable, but even without switching on during a breakdown. Installation prolyuyucha maє peremikach naprug, and the operator can change spіvvіdnoshennia strum-volta puzhunostі installation. Start with a great voltage and in case of a faulty breakdown, change the voltage to a struma, achieving a complete alloy, the cable lived in the misery.

Chemistry and physics of the whole process is carried out in the approved slotted coiled pick at the cable breakdown station. Using a similar method, they achieve that the operation between the ear-shaped residential area and the "earth" is reduced to 1-5 ohms. If the cable lies above the ground, but is laid along the flyover, then the search for the next stage can be completed. The cable for an hour of propalyuvannya at the miserable place begins to dimity and tremble, and it is easy to interrupt the mischief with a stern look.

Vimiryuvannya VV cable vymіrnikom inhomogeneity lines

After a long distance probing of the lines with a reflectometer, it does not reveal the difficulties from the appointed station to the point of failure. Misce poshkodzhennya is shown as more "short" and on the reflectogram it appears even more clearly. Coefficient of speed on a high-voltage cable install independently of the cable brand in 1,87 .

Microphone for
acoustic
joke method
poshkodzhen

Before speech, the standard equipment of the LVI transfers the reflectometer's presence or vimiryuvacha inhomogeneity of the lines. At the Radian watch, the package included known to the pain vibrators of the heterogeneity of the P5-10 lines, and at the same time, the pulse reflectometer PI-10M.

Acoustic method

For a search for a cable laid in the ground, there is one more block - a high-voltage impulse generator - GVI (in the photo of the remote control, the cable is right-handed below). At GVІ, the voltage is supplied to the cable by a sequence of short pulses from reaching a great tension (energy accumulated by the capacitor). All the energy of the impulse is seen in the mist of poor insulation, creating a dry clatter (blow) at the same noise. Clattering of the flooring is thick, that their sound can be felt differently 70 cm in the ground like soft cottons.

At the same time, one more method of acoustic titles is awarded at the same time from the GVI block. The essence of yoga is listening to the ground with a special microphone (it can also be included in the equipment of the LVI at the warehouse of the powder accessory). As it has already been planned, sometimes the clatter of a breakdown with a robot GVI is clearly without any kind of possession, but do not start the route to pass at quiet places and do not start the cable to lie at a depth of 60-70 cm.

For the purpose of spending that misfortune electric cable vikoristovuєtsya also induction method. The essence of the method is described on the sidelines. Hundreds of high-voltage cables are not vikoristovuyutsya kotaktny method poshuku (shtyrі). As a rule, the cable is supplemented with flooring, which can be easily located with one antenna. At the mist, the signal is not fixed (does not go out) and is a little more pronounced, the sound is carried out on a vertical coil (shone less).

Vykoristovuvat similar technologies for cables zvyazku, unfortunately, risky. Often filing high voltage, for example, in PRPPM you can "burn" ushkodzhennya (Poshuk ushkodzhen by the method of propelling the elastic phase (220 Volts)) and change the opir ushkodzhennya to dekіlkoh com, and neridkі vypadki, if the trivale of the connection GІS-UMGІS lowered opіr ushkodzhen. Ale vikoristovuvaty such methods should be more careful for two reasons.

Weeping the cable - the process of converting single-phase, high-resistance cables on the insulating coating of cables in three, two-phase low-resistance moldings with special attachments to the steel bridge. Ideally, it is possible to reach the cable for a short time, the cable can reach the zamikannya lived on the core, for which reason it will be easier to see the place of mischief. For weeding the vicor cable, we need weeding installations, devices and other accessories.

INSTALLATIONS FOR CABLE BURNING

For today's day, it's rich different installations, devices and attachments for fixing cable weeding. Some of the widest ones are:

I. Installation, scho UP-7-3M;

II. Installation for testing and probing insulation power cables AIP-70.

Propeller unit UP-7-3M

UP-7-3M is approved for use in converting flooding or high-resistance coils on power cables with a voltage in the range of 0.4 kV to 35 kV at low-resistance, in order to create special minds for:

identification of the defect in the power cable by the impulse method;

The appointed place for the detection of malfunctions for the help of sound-frequency installations.

Installation for testing and probing the insulation of power cables AIP-70

This installation is designed for testing insulation strength on power cables and solid dielectrics, for additional rectified voltage, changing voltage and frontal cleaning of defective insulation of power cables. In times of guilt, there is a problem with couplings or flooding breakdowns in insulation, which becomes insufficient in the value of the breakdown voltage of the blocks, which should be corrected. With alternative installation AIP-70 you can increase the voltage to a breakdown and, if necessary, reduce the support to a value, if you can use a larger straining block, which will be lost.

CABLE BURNER APU 1-3M

Apparatus for weeding the APU 1-3M cable for the purpose of weeding out defective insulation, if necessary insulation cover.

Isolation cover at the place of transferring ushkodzhennya will disappear to the level, with which you can speed up more precise methods detection and recognition of defects. This device can be tested both at stationary minds, and at warehouses of electrical laboratories for testing the cable. Apparatus APU 1-3M slіd vikoristuvat at low temperatures dovkilla. Attachment APU 1-3M is good for operation. industrial undertakings, yakі moyut in a special vikoristanny electrical networks under operating voltage in the range of 0.4 kV to 10 kV. Krіm tsyogo yogo is often victorious with the help of the stationary installation of the great rozpodіlnogo pristroy. Apparatus prolyuvannya cable APU 1-3M prepared in Russian Federation. Guaranteed service lines for this device - one rec.

Permissible opir of cable insulation

In order to carry out control over the technical mill of the insulation coating of cables, it is necessary to periodically carry out vimiri equal support and match the data with the standards for different types of insulation.

1. For subscriber, cable lines, it is necessary to use a support standard, described in OST 45.82-96
2. For telephone lines, it is necessary to change the standard support, described in OST 45.36-97;
3. For LEP, it is necessary to win the standard support, as described in OST 45.01-98;
4. For cable lines with metal conductors in the middle, it is necessary to twist the standard support, as described in OST 45-83-96.

The admissible level of the support of the insulating coating of the cable is to be blamed but on a level of not less than 100 kOhm-km. For elements of cable lines of the GTS, the following norms of electrical support are transferred:

• 10000 MOhm-km between conductors of the cable opir;
• 1000 MOhm-km between conductors of cables of telephone lines;
• between grounding and screen opir to become 5 MOhm-km;
• between the screen and armor opir to become 5 MOhm-km;

As soon as the hour of re-verification becomes an insulating coating, it is revealed that the support is equal to the given values, it is necessary to re-verify the insulation along the entire power cable.

3. INSULATING INSULATION IN THE MISSION

3.1. Wimogi to the methodology and main stagesweeding process

The main indications for the elimination of defective insulation are a decrease in the transitional support at the mist defect, which allows you to stop the method, which will ensure the security of the lock and, more precisely, ZMZ. For the greater part of the effective methods of ZMZ, it is necessary that the transitional opir at the mist was reduced to dozens or to create a frequency of one Ohm. In addition, for the most effective application of the induction method, it is necessary to “translate” the single-phase voltage from the two-phase one. Everything is reachable by the path of the insulation in the defective area for additional special installations.

Propalyuvannya carried out for energy, which is seen in the breakdown channel. At the same time, there is an obstruction of the insulation at the mist, and a decrease in the transitional support. It should be noted that the soaking also allows you to indiscriminately and simply show up in the end fittings and on the heating cables, the smoke and the smell of the garou appear.

Vartist, dimensions and masses will be built for weeding and are the primary ones for the whole complex of equipment, which will be won in the process of searching for the possibility of squandering cables. The most and main warehouses will be used for weeding at the same time when ZMP cables. Methods and attachments for weeding the guilty are satisfied with the following:

1) to ensure that there is no damage to the insulation material in the area of ​​damage. In addition, for the installation of more methods of ZMZ (impulse, induction, etc.), it is necessary to create a wired layer for melting metal particles from the shell and lowering the transitional support to one Om's chasm. To stop the acoustic method, it is necessary to destroy the conducting place, or turn it off;

2) put a minimum injection on non-shkodzhenu insulation;

3) transfer of the minimum value of capital and operational costs;

4) mother's minimum dimensions and weight;

5) take care mind safely exploitation. Yak will be seen from a distance, optimal mode weeding is carried out with the subsequent drawing of the next few weeding. The skin foot is responsible for ensuring the maximum energy seen in the minimum hour for the smallest area of ​​isolation and ensuring the highest KKD treatment.

de W pr - energy, which is seen in the misery of poverty; W n - spend energy in the elements of the circuit.

The main type of insulation for power cables is paper-oil insulation. A number of characteristic powers of isolation evoke the need for the creation of special outbuildings, which will ensure a greater or lesser amount of energy in the city of poverty. In other types of insulation (polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, etc.), wash the treatment is lighter. To that, we can look at the propelling of paper-oil insulation. The insulation of three-core cables with a voltage of 1 ... 10 kV is due to the following conditions:

Tovshchina _izoljatsiї lived kabelі 35 kV with okremo lead wires to become 9 ... 11 mm.

Insulation is folded up with a line of cable paper
0.12 mm (more than 0.17 mm) and a width of about 15 mm, which are superimposed with a gap of 0.2 ... 0.3 mm in such a way that the heart's ball crosses the front gaps. For example, cable insulation
6 kV is added from 18 ... 20, and the belt - from 7 ... 8 lines. For overlaying the cable with a thick rounded shape, before overlaying the metal backing sheath, there is a paper backing. Paper insulation under vacuum seeps through the oil and kanifol warehouse.

Electricity of non-early insulated cable
6 kV to become 200 ... 250 kV, the test constant voltage is 35 ... 40 kV. Therefore, the ears are in the most important vipadkіv obviously defective parts, moreover, the dozhina of the defective yard is broken by parts of a millimeter, or more by millimeters. Pochatkovy probіy kabelnoї _izoljatsії іnоdі to have the character of radial, so to pass along the shortest path between the hull and the sheath or between the veins. Oscilki electric field strength in the cable may be radial, so it is tangential to the warehouse, the path of the breakdown sounds like a sound that has been cut between the electrodes for a short time. In the event of a breakdown for the heat energy, the distribution of the leaking warehouse is carried out, which is accompanied by gas distribution. At the same time, from one side, a leaking warehouse is seen through the breakdown, which lowers the electrical power, from the other side, a vice is lifted at the empty ones, which are settled, which raises the power. After a breakdown, the pressure decreases and the empty space begins to fill up with a leaky warehouse. As a result of this, repeated breakdowns in the pair with the first one sound when there is less pressure. In case of oily leakage, the voltage breakdown can cause trochs to move. Rukh particles of masi spryaє so deaky usunennya trace the breakdown. Bagatorazov repeated breakdowns to create a larger and smaller stable discharge channel. This stage of the process can be called the first stage of weeding.

The place of care for this stage can be represented by the substitution scheme shown in fig. 3.1, a, de W- cable capacity; R R - a discharger, the voltage of the breakdown of which is the voltage of the breakdown of the discharge channel; r e - opir, which mentally reflects the vision of active energy when discharging the capacity of the cable to the discharge channel; U o that r o - voltage and internal support of the dzherel, connected to the CL.

Rice. 3.1. Scheme of substitution of CL at different stages of treatment

ear-shaped insulation: a, b, in- Cob, intermediate

and the final stage is clear

How to show the results, in case of breakdown, the channel support is significantly less than the cable support. Therefore, after the breakdown of the insulation of the charged cable, the process of the discharge discharge is carried out from the energy inputs on the active input at the discharge channel of that cable. Power cable extinction coefficient a = (2.5 ... 5) 10 -4 s 1/2 / km. With the improvement of the designated value, and that confirmation of the data is practically the same as the termination of the process of the chimney discharge for cables with a length of 0.1 to 5 km.

settles after 50...300 µs. Active inputs in the cores of that insulation cable cannot be controlled, but in the replacement circuit that part of the active energy that is seen in the discharge channel can be equivalent to inputs in such a support r n, when discharging the capacity on the yak, you can see the stilts and heat, the stilts in the minds of the day.

When milking a thrice-repeated breakdown of the protruding warehouse near the discharge channel, bring the area adjacent to the new area to dryness, which causes scalding of the walls of the channel. The substitution scheme for which intermediate stage of propagating is shown in fig. 3.1, b, de r sh - opіr, shuntuє discharge channel; r e = r about r w/( r pro + r w) is the equivalent reference of the scheme. In the world, the walls of the channel are squashed, and the adjacent area of ​​\u200b\u200binsulation is a significant support r w decrease. When weeding at the intermediate stage, the energy is discharged and the warmth that is seen at the support r w (in charred insulation).

Away from the callousing, bring up to the pinning of the discharges of that establishment of a larger less stable wire place. The replacement scheme for which final stage of wetting is shown in fig. b, de r n, m - opir of the wire space between the core and the sheath (or between two cores) cable.

For the use of the induction method, the appointment of an ushkodzhennya, as it was intended, would require a decrease in the value r n, m to singles and navіt chasm of single Ohm. For the satisfaction of the remaining vimoga, there is not enough povuglyuvannya channel. It is necessary to create not a tubular, but a metal wire mesh between a core and a sheathed cable (or between two cores). It is within reach of the melted rahunka that the shells of metal particles lived on top of it, which step by step fill the discharge channel. Vipmelting is observed at streaks of a sprat of tens of amperes.

3.2. Propalyuvannya іzolyatsії vіd dzherel postіyny

voltage

Ideally dzherelo constant voltage. The analysis is manually carried out with the help of substitution schemes, presented in fig. 3.1. At the cob stage, weeding (Fig. 3.1, a) the process proceeds in such a way. Kind of dzherel U o The capacity of the cable is charged in a regular hour r o W. The voltage applied to the insulation changes according to the law:

(3.2)

until the breakdown U pr discharge channel (discharger). After a breakdown, the capacity of the cable is discharged through a defect. Approximately (without adjusting the inductance of the cable) you can write:

. (3.3)

Internal opir dzherela become Komi, and often - a lot of dozens of com. Opir r P< 50 Ом, поэтому r pro > r n i charge of the capacity of the cable is charged more richly, lower discharge. The change in the voltage in the breakdown area during the cob period of weeding is shown in fig. 3.2, a. At lanceuzi dzherel life flowing strum

A strum runs through the mist

. (3.5)

In the cob period, the voltage breakdown is little affected by the EPC dzherel. Come on for singing U pr =
= 0,99U about. Todі zgіdno z vnyannâm napruga, applied to іzolyatsії, reaching the voltage breakdown of the discharge channel in an hour. t’= 5 r 0 W.

For one charge cycle, the jerelo drains energy

. (3.6)

Part of it transforms into warmth, which is seen at the inner support of the dzherel:

, (3.7)

and a part of it is stained for the charge capacity of the cable

. (3.8)

From the rest of the virazu, you can see that it’s not uncommon for the support of the dzherel to offend the part of the energy equal to one alone. The energy stored during charging, in the process of discharging, is transferred to the heat in practically an hour t” ³ 5 r P W. Deisno, with the meaning i etc

. (3.9)

Also, with non-induction dzherel, at the cob stage of the process of weeding, more than half the energy of the dzherel turns out to be more than half of the energy of the dzherel, i.e. KKD (h) becomes close to 50%.

Similarly for U pr = 0.9 U o acceptable t" = 2,2r about W and h = 44.4%. The period of repetition of discharges at the cob stage of propelling is determined by the internal support of the dzherel and the capacity of the cable and become (3 ... 5) r about W. An hour in a row is full less than a period of repetition.

The setting for an hour of charge to an hour of discharge is called sparuvatistyu, which is signified as

How to take a transitional opir at the moment of breakdown
r n \u003d 30 Ohm, then for installation with an internal support r 0 \u003d
\u003d 300 kOhm sparuvatіst l \u003d 10 4, then only one ten thousandth part of an hour during the process of spalling, energy is seen in the breakdown space. In other words, in their minds, the active part of the process becomes approximately 1 s in 3 years of weeding.

In the process of repetition of breakdowns, step by step obstruction of the discharge channel and adjacent to the new section of insulation. It is necessary to reduce the discharge voltage to a lower level. At the same time, the frequency of breakdowns increases (Fig. 3.2, b). Come on U pr = 0.43 U oh, that time t’ = r 0 W and the frequency of breakdowns increases by 3-4 times. The scalding of the walls of the discharge channel should also be reduced to a lowering of the support, as if it becomes porous from the internal support of the dzherel, and the cob stage of the weeding should already pass to the intermediate one (Fig. 3.1, b).

Discharger voltage:

. (3.11)

Booway r w >> r 0 the process of propelling is a little disturbed by the described above. If the shunting discharge channel opir becomes r 0 next to call two people. From one side, the passage of the struma through the walls of the discharge channel is accompanied by visions of the present part of the energy, which is going further away from the insulation. On the other side, the maximum voltage on the discharge channel is reduced and, at the same time, it can appear lower than the discharge voltage. For example, when r w = 0.2 r 0 the voltage on the discharge channel decreases 6 times.

In the minds of KKD, the probing begins to decrease significantly. For the number of discharges in the installed mode of the KKD warehouse

. (3.12)

In times r w = 0.2 r 0 H value = 166%. The only way to improve the effectiveness of the profusion is to change the internal support of the dzherel, so that the dzherel is replaced. At r w = r 0 H value = 50%. In addition, the maximum voltage on the discharge channel increases to U 0/2. As a result, the value is higher than the voltage breakdown of the channel, it is blamed for the discharge, and also, the KKD propelling is additionally growing.

From the foregoing, the need to change the parameters of the dzherel weeding in the process of weeping itself is evident, the high-voltage shards of the high-voltage dzherel with a small internal support are made difficult through the great mass of such a dzherel. Practically, after lowering the voltage of the discharge, secured by installing a high voltage with a large internal support, then connect another socket with a smaller voltage and a smaller internal support. For whom the KKD is growing and the sparing of discharges is changing, i.e., the process of weeding will be accelerated.

Away from the destruction of the isolation while weeding, to bring to the pinning of the discharges that the establishment of the mischief of a stable, wired place. The replacement scheme for this final stage of probing is shown in fig. 3.1, in. Analyzing this stage in the same way to the front, we take

. (3.13)

The deposit is graphically represented in fig. 3.3.

Rice. 3.3. Deposit of KKD

discharge channel

Ideally dzherelo from series-connected inductance. In order to improve the effectiveness of propelling on fast stream it is recommended to turn on the throttle between the constant voltage U o that with a cable. The scheme of weeding for this vipadka is shown in fig. 3.4.

Fig.3.5. Changing the voltage on the cable and the jet in the circuit

at the scheme of fig. 34: a- b > w; b-b< w о

The most effective for weeding is the colitis mode, which is in the same way (Fig. 3.5, b) the voltage on the cable can reach the undervoltage of the dzherel, moreover, the voltage changes with frequency, and the jet at the circuit changes with frequency

, (3.14)

, (3.15)

de is the frequency of the contour; b= r o/2 L- decrement zgasannya; a = arcsin b/w 0 . Spend at such a contour:

, (3.16)

and the energy of profusion is received by equal energy, which is stored by the mind,

. (3.17)

Viraz for KKD treatment can be imagined in such a way:

. (3.19)

The voltage on the cable reaches its maximum value at the moment w tm= p+a

. (3.20)

For real installations, the quality factor of the circuit (Fig. 3.4, b)
Q o = w0 L/r o >> 5. Which one has a< 6°, a W n* £0.177. Vidpovidno KKD proplyuvannya h ³ 84%.

Rice. 3.6. Principal schemes weeding isolation for help

straightening installations: a- single-point straightening;

b- dvonap_vper_odne straightening; in- Triphasic straightening;

G - three-phase rectification from a series-connected choke

With an increase in the quality factor of the circuit up to ten KKD, it increases to 92% (for the capacity of the throttle, the maximum KKD does not exceed 50%). Discharge follow in an hour tm»p/w == 1/(2 f). What is the frequency of the call f= 50 Hz, then tm£ 0.01 s, then e. weeding will be effective.

The principle diagram of the insulation profiling behind the auxiliary vibrating installations is shown in fig. 3.6. In case of defective insulation of cables in the case of rectifying installations, it is necessary to repair the inductance of the wiring of the energizing transformer.

3.3. Wetting of insulation on changing voltage

Non-resonant probing (Fig. 3.7) is carried out behind the help of a moving transformer, the secondary winding of which comes without a middle to the poshkogennoy lived that tunic (or the other poshkogenoy lived), and the primary winding - to the merezhі industrial frequency.

On fig. 3.7: Trp - transformer that moves; Lі r 0 - inductance rose active opir transformer Trp, directed to the secondary winding; W- CL capacity; r p - transitional opir of the discharge channel; L Before i r K - inductance and active support cable; r n, m - opir of the wire mist at the mist of the defect.

Rice. 3.7. Schemes of non-resonant wetting:

a- Important; b- substitution for cob ta;

in- final stages

The amplitude of the voltage on the cable (discharger pp)

, (3.21)

de w = 2p f- Circular frequency; I max - strum amplitude in LCr o-contours (Fig. 3.7, b).

It is important to bring the capacity of power cables to the needs of a large stream. I max to ensure sufficient tension U c, max.

Yes, the voltage transformer U max = 50 kV at L =
= 200 H ta r 0 = 10 com to secure on tri-core cable 6 kV span 70 mm 2 and length 3 km voltage U c ,max = 2.66 kV, to reduce 5.3% of the dzherel voltage when the pressure is reduced to 20 kV. BUT.

For cables with a length of over 0.5 km, non-resonant weeding at the cob stage is absolutely unacceptable. For short cables, it may be true only for the capacity of the rectifiers. Using the same transformer as in the front butt, on a cable of the same type, 0.4 km long, it is possible to provide about 50% of the voltage of the dzherel with a 27 kVA reduction.

Practical when weeding on streak more often than not, for the help of regulating attachments, increase the voltage on the primary winding of the propelling transformer. Therefore, before the first breakdown, the voltage on the discharge channel can be seen as such that it has risen. The first test occurs at the moment when the voltage is close to the discharge channel up to the maximum. The order for the character of that trivality shows a clear vipadka in the analysis of the scheme of fig. 3.1.

Repeat the process of charging the capacity of the cable after the quick discharges are carried out similarly until the process of switching on rLC-lancers on sinusoidal voltage.

Two more warehouses are superimposed on the vibration sinusoidal warehouse voltage with frequency w. In times r pro ³ 2Ö L/C the stench may have an aperiodic character with different fast hours. At r about< 2ÖL/C forging warehouses with frequency w o = Ö1/ LC - r o/4 L 2 zsnutі mіzh themselves in phase on deyaky kut a, but zgasuyut z the same constant hour.

The maximum voltage on the discharge channel lies at the moment of switching on (the moment of forward breakdown) and the spivv_dnoshennia between frequencies w and w o.

In quiet situations, if w >> w o, the overvoltage is blamed for the breakdown of the discharge gap.

Lowering the frequency w for smaller equal minds to increase the sparing of discharges. To add to the practical impossibility of ensuring a stable value of kuta a, which leads to significant overvoltage, it becomes obvious that the non-resonant propelling at the cob stage of the insulation failure becomes obvious.

On the final stage the process of weeping (Fig. 3.7, in), if the house is insulated by a conductive place, wash it for weeding on a snake stream. Who is satisfied with sleep

Coefficient of core pressure during profusion can be taken into account equal to the rate of active tension P pm, which is seen in the misery, to the total active tension Rå dzherela

. (3.23)

Sounds safe h = 20 ... 40%. Umov for cables up to 0.3 km.< 100 Ом, а для кабелей длиной более 2 км - при < 15 Ом.

Non-resonant probing to the extent of vikoristovuvat less at the remaining stage of probing the insulation of the CL with a shortened length.

Resonance propelling at the industrial frequency. It was proponated to show resonance at the industrial frequency for the elimination of defective cable insulation. Our country has a way of starting to stagnate since the 1960s. With the resonant method of propelling, the lower support of the cable is compensated by an external inductive support, which allows you to significantly reduce the tension of the dzherel, and with the subsequent inclusion of inductance - the value of the voltage of life. When robotic resonant installations at the world reduce the transitional support in the area, shunting of the cable capacitance and a frequent breakdown of the resonant circuit are caused, as a result of which the voltage on the cable changes. If a stable conductive place is blamed, then the resonant circuit will become confused. With this strum through the place, the fluctuation changes sharply, and the conducting place, which is blamed, does not collapse.

The maximum resonant voltage is not responsible for changing the testing voltage, for example 16 ... 25 kV, which is carried out at cable factories for testing the insulation of power cables with a working voltage of 6 ... 10 kV.

Resonant installations, which are used to remove defective cable insulation, can be divided into two characteristic groups: resonant transformers and installations with chokes that are regulated. Resonant transformers can work in modes of stream resonance and voltage resonance. Settings with adjustable throttles also work with the first or the other with the names of the modes, but with the last one parallel connection choke to the cable, which is lost. Below you will see the robot in these modes.

Way to resonance voltage. The exact replacement scheme of the installation for wetting, which works in this mode, is shown in fig. 3.8, a. On the diagrams of Fig. 3.8 stated: r m - active opir throttle; L- choke inductance, r st - active opіr, scho vrakhovuє vtrati steel throttling; W- capacity of CL (ballast capacitor); r to - active opir, which is safe to use with a loose cable; r n - transitional opir at the mіstsі ushkodzhennya at the time of discharge; AT- the key that is blinking when u c= U pr (imituє breakdown); u- sinusoidal voltage on the clamps of the secondary winding of the live transformer; U - chinne meaning the same voltage.

Rice. 3.8. The substitution circuit is the vector diagram for the installation, which works in the voltage resonance mode:

a, b- substitution schemes; in- Vector diagram

The substitution scheme has been redone again (Fig. 3.8, a) pointing up to the next equivalent circuit(Figure 2.28, b) with the following parameters:

; (3.24)

; (3.25)

. (3.26)

Todi voltage on the cable

. (3.27)

In times of resonance, the frequency of the circuit is equal to the frequency of the voltage, tobto.

. (3.28)

When w L e = 1/(w W f) i strum at lanceuzi zbіshuєtsya up to I \u003d U / r e. vector diagram at resonance, the voltage is given in fig. 3.8, in.

How to understand the characteristic support r = Ö L e/ W e = l/w C e = w L e that Q factor Q \u003d r / r e circuit, then you can write

Reactive active tension at the contour it is tied through the quality factor

i.e., the quality factor is one of the main parameters, the initial work of the resonant installation.

Yak shown:

, (3.30)

de r w - shunting support of the walls of the discharge channel (may be included before the scheme of Fig. 3.9, a parallel support r to).

On fig. 3.9 indications of the fallowing of the quality factor of the entire circuit of the weeding in the capacity of the cable With that support r w (visible blue r w / r) with a damper quality factor Q d = 25. r w / r vіd 10 to 1 the quality factor of the circuit may change by 10 times and the resonant probing should go straight to the vibrating vіd dzherel, to live the resonant circuit. However, with shunting supports r w \u003d r the tightness, which is seen in the canals, appears to be insufficient. The designated furnishing can explain the small expansion of the resonant extensions there.

Rice. 3.9. Dependence of the quality factor of the resonant circuit

shunt support ( a) that cable capacity ( b)

On fig. 3.10 shows the curves of the change in the voltage on the cable in different modes of the robotic resonant installation.

Method for strum resonance. The actual substitution scheme of the installation, which works in the mode of resonance of the streams, is shown in fig. 3.11, a, de adopted the same way as in fig. 3.8, a. For a resonant transformer, which works in the resonance mode of the stream, L = Ls 2 +L m - inductance, wired with the flow of the secondary winding and the flow of mutual induction; і = u m - voltage created at the secondary winding by mutual induction flow. I re-detailed the substitution scheme (Fig. 3.11, a) can be reduced to a parallel equivalent (Fig. 3.11, b). Equivalent Opir r e ", which is better spent in a parallel resonant circuit, it is shown as

, (3.31)

rі - warehouses, yak to be deposited with active inputs in insulation; r w - active opir, which shunts the discharge channel.

For a parallel resonant circuit, the voltage on the capacitance is higher than the voltage of the life. When tsimu єmnіsny strum I c = Ub s revischuє top strum transformer:

, (3.32)

de g = 1/r e.; bL= 1/w L; b C= 1/w C- inductively active, inductive and conductive to the circuit.

As shown earlier, the viraz of the quality factor at the time of the resonance of the strum is combined with the viraz for the sequential circuit. Energy and clock speeds at resonance of the stream are also similar to those at resonance of the voltage. If the schemes are the same at a glance, the process of probing, the modes of operation and transformers, what to live them up, are thoroughly refreshed. In case of resonance of the voltage with the breakdown of the insulation, the transformer switches from the normal voltage mode to the cold mode. At the resonance of the streams from the breakdown of the insulation, the transformer is converted to the short-circuit mode, which is gradually rotated in the normal mode (in the world of the circuit). The cost reduces the CCD of the resonant installation, which works in the mode of resonance of the streams.

Equal assessment of piping systems. As it was planned to be bigger, for the security of the necessary transitional support at the mist of the cable, a different system of weeding should be installed. Under the system of weeding, it’s not just about the attachment, but the combination of methods and techniques that will ensure the final result of weeping (from single discharges to a stable, wired metal soldering joint).

Introducing more spivvіdnoshennia allows you to objectively assess whether they look at the systems of probing, conduct a calculus assessment of different options and choose the most effective ones. Nedendously visible, Scho KKD Propaluvannya is not Tіlki Ektentorgії, Scho Scho Scho Scho Merezhі (Tsa in the Central Committee of the Vipadkіv is incubated), ale, in the Pereg of the Cherga, Showing, Yaka Partina Energіji is visible in Mіstsi Smezodenth. The rest of the energy warehouse determines the mass and size of the installation. The intensity of the prolapse characterizes the speed of the process, i.e., it indicates the productivity of the practice when the need for ushkodzhennya is revealed.

Rice. 3.10. Curves of voltage change on the cable at resonant

weeping: a- improvement with precise alignment b- under the hour of disorder of the contour: in- weeding mode

Rice. 3.11. Substitution scheme and vector diagram

to set what works in the jet resonance mode:

a, b- substitution schemes; in- Vector diagram

Most effectively proplyuvannya in the ideal dzherel constant voltage from series-connected inductance. Here, in a wide range of penetrating voltages, a high KKD propelling is ensured. In real minds, the role of the ideal dzherel of the constant voltage is played by the strained cumulative accumulating energy with a three-phase installation that vibrates.

Through more trivale, the accumulation of energy in the throttle of the installation of a standing strum with an inductive accumulating energy is less efficient, the shards are also required for them switching equipment.

The most important indications of real installations of a rectified voltage (especially single-voltage) are connected with the fact that the accumulated energy is charged by the charge of the capacity of the cable with impulses of the stream at the conduction part of the periods.

Add a changeable struma, including resonant ones, effective only for lowering the value of the breakout voltage. In minds, stench can compete with half-wave rectifiers.

Dosvіd ekspluatatsii variably podtverdzhuє navedenі more theoretical vysnovki. The greatest effect is given by propelling installations that vicorist three-phase, as well as two-phase rectification. Installations with a special inductance coil connected in series at the output, proponated at the moment are not serially released. The role of the coil of inductance to the singing world is played by the inductance of the transformer in the rectifier. The cost of a hard-wired dzherel without a special battery of accumulative capacitors.

Propalyuvannya postiynom strum zastosovuyut like in Russia, and there. In Russia, the results of victorious resonant installations are higher, lower three-phase and two-half-wave rectifier attachments.

Dosvid zastosuvannya installations with inductive accumulative noise. The manager of the nearest possible one is the release of serial attachments to a standing stream with a three-phase directing and sequential choke.

3.4. Regimes and priyomi prolyuvannya

Admissible stresses when proplyuvanni paper-oil insulation. For the right choice maximum voltage and propelling modes great value may overvoltage on non-shocked insulation. The electrical power of the right cables with paper-oil insulation at a lot of times outweighs the operating voltage.

Pochatkov ionization in the weakly neurotic electric field for paper-oil insulation vinyl with tension E n = 12 kV/mm
E n = 40 ... 60 kV / mm at the pressure of a constant jet. Pochatkov's ionization to strike on a vicious stream (100 splashes per second) will not be unsafe, and isolation from such ionization can last for thousands of years. In the case of a constant struma, the hour of the posthumous ionization is close to hundreds of seconds, which is a thousand times less intense. Critical ionization, having infused it with a short stretch of a second, lowers the voltage of the cob ionization, and in a few seconds it can lead to a breakdown, E cr = 30 kV/mm.

Zastosovuvanі in modern minds Equal testing voltages for 6 kV cables should be set to 40…50 kV of the voltage of the permanent stream and 16 kV of the voltage of the snake stream. Insulation gaps (2.95 mm for 6 kV cables) are produced to stresses that are 2 ... The voltage values ​​are given below, so that they can calculate the ionization for reference cables of different nominal voltages:

Revisiting the test voltages is more likely to lead to cob ionization. If you add to that, that the voltage of critical ionization on the streak is 2.5 times higher than that of the cob, then it is possible to increase the onset of important visnovoks: under stress, they can be blamed in the process of weeding, you can’t be wrong. On the right, with end fittings of cable lines. For example, right kіntseva obrobka cable lines 6 kV can be crossed by the surface with a rectified voltage of 60 ... 80 kV. In addition, on the cable line at the time of the probing of one defective part, you can blame it even more, the electric power is more than a kilovolt higher for the testing voltage.

Odnochasne v_dshukannya dvokh i more mіsts ushkodzhennya significantly folded, lower okreme. To that dotsіlno encircle as much as possible admissible voltage when propelled by the magnitude of the rectified voltage

de Uіsp - test voltage.

It is important to precisely specify the variable value of the change in the voltage. However, it is tentatively possible to accept

, (3.34)

de k- Coefficient of reserve, which is the most important ionization intensity at different changing voltages.

When choosing a value k mother needs to be taken away. Under an hour of treatment, the voltage is straightened to insulation during the charging period, it is practically applied not a constant, but a monopolar changeable voltage, which changes regularly. Oscilki constant charge to become 0.05 ... 1 s, then the frequency is equivalent to this process - from one to ten hertz. Under an hour of discharge, a change in the voltage is actually applied to the fading spikes with a frequency of 20 kHz to 1 MHz for the trivality of the sprat periods of these spikes. When prolyuvannі dzherel zminnoi ї prirupa protses razzarja іdenichnuyu znachennogo more, and the frequency of the charge - 50 Hz.

Near the voltage of the cob ionization, the increase in intensity by an order of magnitude leads to the increase in the voltage per kilka kilovolt. Therefore, it is orientally acceptable k =
= 1.3 ... 1.4. Todi for 6 kV cables is required:

The value is approximately twice as low as the voltage of the cob ionization, and, therefore, it is safe for non-eared insulation. Changing the values ​​of more equal voltages during weeding can be turned on for the rational design of weeding settings and the correct choice of weeding modes.

On fig. 3.12 shows the substitution scheme for the cob stage of probing with life under constant voltage. Let's see, for some minds on the capacity of the cable (capacitor W) can change the voltage, what to change U 0 . One of these minds r 0 LC- Contour. Kolivannya blame, yakscho r about< 2 ÖL/C.

The ringing of the contour can be shown in orientation also in the view r 0 £ (14 ... 100) com. In real minds, the spirits are often victorious. Also, when charging, the voltage on the insulation can become (1.5 ... 1.75) U 0 . Therefore, the testing of insulation, and sometimes the first part of the cob stage of the process, is carried out to the full extent when the resistor is connected in series with the wire r dob, opir of some (dozens of whom) may please the mind

. (3.35)

After lowering the breakdown voltage to U 0 (l,4…l,6) resistor r ext next short.

Rice. 3.12. Substitute circuit for overvoltage analysis

at the process of weeping

Another reason for the increase in voltage on the insulation may be the extinction of the arc in the breakdown area with a significant positive voltage on the capacitor of the kolival discharge CL P r p - contour. As a way to show the testing of that bugatory completion of operation, the arc in the breakdown zone is extinguished, as a rule, at the moment of approaching the zero value of the voltage on the cable, so that when the breakdown occurs, a new discharge is activated. Ale, when “flooding” breakdowns, sometimes, and not often, as intended, for example, in, you can blame specific minds. The stench is affected by the fact that the arc is extinguished with a significant positive pressure U ost on the discharge gap, and also, on the capacitor W.
In the repeated process (as it may have a rippling character), the cable will be charged to an even greater negative voltage: - - U pro -(+ U zup). If the voltage of the discharge gap is also penetrating, it will also increase, and the extinguishing of the arc will start again in the positive direction of the high voltage of the discharge circuit, it is possible to increase the voltage on the insulation further.
At the most important surge, the discharge gap itself turns off the voltage increase, being an intermediate discharger.

Vikladene more allows you to grow such visnovki:

1. How to vipryamnu installation for the first part of the cob process proselyuvannya next vikoristovuvat viproproduvalni installation with an additional resistor support in a ten kilka kom.

2. The maximum voltage of the propelling straightening installations is guilty but not higher than 0.5 ... 0.7 U isp.

3. Trivale weeding (more than 20 ... 30 hv), which is not accompanied by a significant decrease in the breakdown voltage, do not follow.

When propelling for additional resonant installations of any type, the maximum voltage on the cable insulation shifts the voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer Q once ( Q- Quality factor of the resonant circuit). Also, the amplitude of the output voltage of the transformer of the resonant installation may please the mind

Take a bath. Informed by the work of engineers and maisters who specialize in the treatment of insulation of cable lines with the method of designating the space of care, supported by a detailed analysis of the process of treatment, allowing us to recommend a low progressive method of conducting it.

Cherguvannya shablіv prolyuvannya. At the process of weeping, it is necessary in the world to reduce the voltage by breakdown, go to the next stage of weeping. Just for the parameters of the installation, you can turn on a larger tight shackle parallel to the robot (or okremo), which requires a negligent bending. Under a larger iron slab, the installation is made with a smaller internal support and a larger strum.

The most common way is to move more to the more pressing steps of the weeding, to bring the heap to the “filling”, i.e. to the point of the penetrating voltage. When you follow, turn to the front step of the higher voltage, and then after the decrease in the breakdown voltage, move to the next step.

"Trimuvatisya" at any stage is not enough. Rich u tim, scho "spill", tobto. leaking into the discharge channel of leakage from the austral area with the channel of the insulation area, and weeding to small supports without flooding and draining the air passage adjacent to the insulation is impossible. With constant portions of energy, which is fed into the discharge channel, the process of burying the dry houses of the insulation proceeds more, lower when charging the trees.

It is recommended at the intermediate stage to create an arc in series with the discharge channel on the rod jumper of the installation. For which it is necessary to use a high-voltage insulated rod when the installation is switched on, it is sufficient to switch off the vimikach, slightly changing between the roaring and non-robust contacts, but not allowing the arc to go out.

Fig.3.13. Principal schemes of weeding:

a- for ruynuvannya metal junction; b- for single-phase transfer

zamikannya in two-phase; UVV - direct high voltage

installed; AT- Vipryamlyach; R p - arrester; W b - ballast capacitor; VG - gas-powered vipryamlyach

Ruinuvannya metal soldering. If on the cable line there was a zamikannya on the ground, so that in a little while it would be possible to finish a long time, having passed a strum of 10 A and more, then a metal junction between the zhitlovo and the shell was established here. With some methods of designation, it is possible to damage (for example, acoustic) the entire junction. In rich vipadkah, if you don’t want to go far, you can reach for help outbuildings that live in a straight line (Fig. 3.13, a).

Capacitor capacitance value W b may buti not less than 1 ... 1.5 μF, breakdown voltage of the arrester R p - close
20 ... 25 kV. Throw strum in case of a breakdown of the arrester in the same wave, it reaches hundreds of amperes and under the influence of dynamic noises, the junction at the cable can be fried. Repetition of holes for ruining I solder the next news 10 ... 20 min. If you don’t try to reach the desired result for the whole hour, then further try the wrong ones.

The translation of the zamikannya lived on the shell near the zamikannya between the veins. The application of the inductive method gives good results when it is found that there is a short circuit between the conductors of a three- or two-wire cable. It is often possible to finish the Mosenergo single-phase cable 6 ... 10 kV cable in the Moscow Cable Merge to translate into the inter-residential path the method of propagation proposed by V. M. Bronshtein. The scheme of lanceug probing is shown in fig. 3.13, b.

During the insulation period, they lived A for the help of a VG straightener, which provides a voltage of 5 ... 10 kV and a stream of 1 ... 3 A,
before tsієї lived through the discharger R p_klyuchayut іpulsnu installation, scho stacked from the capacity of two non-shocked conductors ATі W schodo shell, ballast capacitor Cb (neobov'yazykovy) and vipryamlyacha vysokoї nagruz UVV (on povnu viprobuvalnu naruga).

Capacitance is periodically charged up to the voltage by breakdown of the arrester R r, as it is set equal to 20 ... 25 kV, and the pulse of the discharge discharges the strum, which is settled under the inflow of the VG, which conducts the place in the discharge channel. Periodically creating and destroying the wire place will increase the destruction of the insulation. The voltage on the other cores of the cable in the transitional mode increases the possibility of the transition of the breakdown from the core to the power supply. At the time of breakdown, it is impossible to increase the voltage from the air-blast unit and attach the surge arrester. Single-phase flickering should not be switched to interphase.

Wetting of insulation for ZMU by acoustic method. For the sounding of the acoustic method by the sounding of the MP type of core - the shell, it is necessary to encircle the strum of the weed. With streaks through the MP, more than a few amperes could be soldered with metal, which included the acoustic method. Ruynuvannya I’ll solder the metal, as it’s been assigned, it’s possible not to get far. Therefore, when using the acoustic method of ZMP, the rest of the samples were not traced. On the other side, dotsilno obzhuvatisya only with the first stage of profusion, the shards from the greater obligation to destroy the insulation increase part of the energy of the discharge, which creates an acoustic effect.

« Filling" samples. If you don’t cause repeated breakdowns in a stretch of dozens of stretches to a decrease in the penetrating voltage, then it is possible to make visnovoks, which try to be found in a successful clutch (more often, similar phenomena are blamed in terminal clutches). The back of the head needs to be crossed with a visual glance, as there is no chance of end fittings (couplings) on the right side of the connection to the end of the CL installation. After that, the following should be done to determine the MP combination of pulsating and acoustic discharges.

3.5. Re-sweeping installations

At this time of installation, which are installed in cable ties for ZMU, they are mounted on the chassis of minibuses or standard buses. The main part of the installations is occupied by an extension for the treatment of defective insulation and the creation of a spark discharge using the acoustic method of ZMZ.

In these transshipment installations, there are accessories for non-automatic location, accessories for the vicorist method of the kolival discharge, induction cable hooks and universal receivers (for induction and acoustic detection), accessories for the contact method. The units are equipped with special drums for connecting to the cores of the winding cable, grounding circuit, lifeline 380 or 220 V. Also, switching equipment and monitoring equipment are used to control the testing and probing modes.

At transfer installations, you will be safe to take care of additional blocking contacts, fencing and other benefits. The greater number of propelled outbuildings is more important for safe weeding with a straightened strum. At the same time, it is necessary to zastosovuetsya kіlka stupіv prugi and struma. On the rest of the days, that gatherings low voltage sometimes a vicarious strum (non-resonant spalling) of a commercial or advanced (about 1000 Hz) frequency.

The work of two slabs is widely swept in parallel, if the transition to the next scree is automatic.

Let us give some data to a number of cost-saving installations. Seba dynatronic (FRN) installation for cable insulation type BT5000 can have six stages of weeding on a straightened jet.

Voltage, kV

Rice. 3.14. Scheme of parallel operation and two weeding units:

1 - Vimicach; 2 - diode stovp; 3 - Installed HPG70;

4 - VT5000 installation

Exhaust tension at the skin level is close to 7 kVA. Installations BT5000 and HPG70 for 70 kV strum 0.05 A can be connected in parallel with the circuit shown in fig. 3.14. Vimikach 1 closed. Diode stovp 2 vikonaniya at full voltage (70 kV) installations 3 і for the maximum strum (110 A) of the installation 4 . The cei stovp ensures the parallel operation of both installations. In the event of a breakdown in a high-voltage installation, the installation with a large strum can automatically lift the arc. The VT5000 installation can have six swid-coded electromagnetic jumpers of the propelling steps. With a stable regimen of propelling the VT5000 installation, the vimikach comes out.

The company Baltou (Belgium) produces a wetting unit of the EDC6000 type. Installation of the first stage of treatment at a vibrating voltage of 24, 12, 6, 3 kV and one stage of treatment at a variable voltage of 500 V. Set up the intensity of the treatment at a constant jet of 6 kW at the skin stage and 4.5 kV A at a change jet. The life of the installation is carried out in a 220 ± 22 V line. Transformer may nine secondary windings: Vіsіm same for living bridge vipryamlyach (3 kV);
0.25 A) and one (500 V; 9 A) vicorist for weeding on the snake stream. The outputs of the lances vipryamlyachiv for the help of the relay are connected sequentially, they are mixed in parallel, ensuring that the output voltages are 24, 12, 6 and 3 kV.

The intensity of standard-rate installations on vibrating voltage (it changes little when moving from one stage to another) for cable lines with a voltage of up to 15 kV, which is victorious in Russia, England and the USA, becomes 10 kVA, for FRN and Belgium 5 ... 7 kVA. Dosvіd operation and analysis of the parameters of the installations show that the optimal value of the pressure is 6 ... 8 kV-A. In case of maximum guilt, it is necessary to induce more spivvіdnosheniya, which zv'azyuyut KKD and opіr mіstka, which should be carried out in the MP.

V
V V
V

(VPU-60 + MPU-3 "Phoenix")

V
V

Undertaking "ANGSTREM"supply three tips :

1) Plants for testing and wetting high voltage cables with a maximum voltage of 60-70 kV, which are vikorated as an additional possession at the cob stages of weeding.

2) Wetting installations with a maximum voltage of 20-25 kV, with a high-voltage deck and one low-voltage socket.

3) Installations dopalu, recognized for the destruction of the metal plate between the husk and the shell great strums(300 A) at times single-phase flicker on a living.

When choosing those other models, it is necessary to be safe, as a rule of thumb, so the characteristics of the already obvious possession of that yogo summation of pridbanim.

"ANGSTREM" butt of the sense of possession for weeding

The main technical characteristics of the weeding plants of the company "ANGSTREM"

Name of possession	maximum output voltage, kV	Maximum outlet strum, A	Number of trees	Characteristics of cables, kV
	24	40	4	25; 5; 1; 0,3
Important parameters of weeding plants Stacked from qilkoh high voltage dzherel that one low-voltage. The maximum value of the struma and the tension of the skin dzherel are called steps, their number can vary up to six. In the process of weeding, the world has a decrease in voltage due to a breakdown, there is a transition to the next stage of weeding. Just for the parameters of the installation, you can turn on the parallel robot (or okremo) more pushing the cable, it will turn on the robot. Under a larger iron slab, the installation is made with a smaller internal support and a larger strum. Possibility of uninterrupted wetting Propalyuvalnye installations of the old zrazka vikoristovuval manual pereklyvannya shablіv by the operator, which often led to the breaking of the mountain arc, increased the hour of weeding and created the possibility for "fusing" the breaks. security automatic systems switching between the steps of the spaying, which turn on the opening of the arc in the space of the spaying, which will quickly spend an hour on the preparation of the work for . Often, this kind of propaganda is called “bezstepinchastim”, which is not guilty to introduce fahivtsiv into oman: it’s understandable that it doesn’t mean the presence of a few power blocks (steps) - it’s just that the transition between them is automatic, without the participation of the operator. For high voltage generation in the design of spinning plants, either oil transformers or dry transformers are used. The power supply for automatic switching of gatherings without breaking the arc is found in both types of outbuildings, but it is thought that only dry transformers can provide trouble-free weeding in any minds. The reason for this is a phenomenon with a different energy supply of two types of transformers in the mode short hum. Oil transformers may be more power-saving in the short-circuit mode, so it is inefficient to turn them on at once in the process, and also, when the voltage is reduced, the plug is connected to the oil transformer, which generates more voltage. The most common way is to move more to the more pressing steps of the weeding, to bring the heart to the “flooding”, tobto. to the peak of the breakdown voltage, at which point turn to the front step of the higher voltage, and then after the breakdown voltage decreases, go to the forward scree. Installations of propyvavannya "ANGSTREM"you may be able to connect , yakі can rozpochati z 60-70 kV high-voltage cable lines. vikoristovuyutsya as stationary, and in the warehouse of resupply electrical laboratories, for sure, the possibility of high-voltage soaking is realized. Control by operator Uncontrollable growth of the streak of weeding in case of a drop in voltage can be brought to a halt and removed from the harmony of the aerial cables, which is especially important for the first time of weeping in cable channels. AT the possibility of automatic or manual installation of the maximum allowable strum is implemented, which is a plus, which ensures that the work of fahivtsiv on the job site is safe. Energy supply, possibility of full power supply from an autonomous living room Largest cable electrical laboratories, equipped with , mounted on the basis of a GAZelle-type car, it is impossible to place such a power plant on board at a voltage of over 6 kVA. Construction of weeding plants"ANGSTREM"Pratsyuvati vіd power plant 6 kVA іz zberezhennya sufficient pressure є functional advantage is equal to more energy-consuming outbuildings. The pressure of the propelling installation Tension It is one of the most important characteristics, which adds up to an hour of probing that yoga efficiency. Also more they have proven themselves to be good in their minds, if the cables are strongly blocked and they sound “dry”. Trivality of robots without overheating On folded and non-handled ushkodzhennyah, weeding can take three sprats of years. As if the attachment overheats, the process must be interrupted, which can lead to a second flooding of the misery. Chim 3 last uninterrupted hour of work, Tim shorter. Fakhіvtsі virobnichoї kompanії"ANGSTREM"zavzhd help you with the choice of good possession! The article was prepared by specialists in the field of innovation © TOV "ANGSTREM" Version for a friend Would you like to take the correct methodological materials?