Mi Bachili, what is the meaning of mitteve snake struma the whole hour changes, bobbing between zero and maximum values. Tim is not less, we characterize the strength of the snake strum, like the strength fast strumu, the number of Amperes. We say, for example, that in one lamp there is a strum, equal to 0.25 A, and in another, darker, - a strum, equal to 0.5 A, etc. What kind of sensor do we put into it? What does viraz mean "strength of the snake strum"?

It would be possible to characterize the strength of the snake struma yoga by its amplitude. In principle, it is entirely possible, but in practice it is not handy, so it is important to induce to adjust, as if without intermediary vimiryuyut the amplitude of the serpentine struma. It is better to vikoristovuvat to characterize the zminny strum as the power of yoga, so you can’t lay it straight in the strum. Such power, for example, builds a stream to heat a conductor, like a wine to pass. Tse heating to lay down in a straight stream, it should be carried out with a change of stream for an hour of passage, as in one straight line, and in a turning point.

You can see the changing strum, which is to pass through the current conductor with support. With a stretch of a second, the strum saw a lot of warmth at the conductor, let’s say. Let's pass through the same conductor a fast strum, picking up the power of yoga so that you see the same amount of warmth in the conductor. For your own deed, offended strumi equal; Therefore, the power of the permanent struma characterizes the meaning of the snake struma, as it means through.

The strength of the constant strum, which the conductor sees the same amount of warmth, which gives the zminny strum, is called the chinny meaning of the zminny strum.

From what has been said, following that, having replaced the strength of the steady stream in the formula (56.1) with the essential values ​​of the changeable stream, we can calculate the amount of heat that is seen as a change in the stream at the conductor:

Let's reiterate once again, that in this formula, it indicates the meaning of the streak, which is different. If we say that the change strum is more expensive, let's say, 2 A, we want to say that the heat of the current stream is the same as the heat of the steady stream of force 2 A.

In times sinusoidal struma Chinne value of the struma is already tied to the amplitude of this struma. Vidpovidny rozrahunok yes, scho

. (154.2)

In this way, vimiryavy the value of sinusoidal struma, you can calculate the formula (154.2) yogo amplitude.

154.1. The conductor, who can operate at 50 ohms, like a change in the stream, for 2.5 years saw a lot of heat, which is 6 kJ. What is the value of the struma and what is the amplitude of the struma?

154.2. At the conductor, which can operate at 10 ohms, a changeable strum sees in a second the amount of heat, which is 1 kJ. What is the meaning of struma?

154.3. The amplitude of the sinusoidal streak is good 5 A. What is its value?

154.4. Chinne value of a variable sinusoidal struma is more than 14.2 A. What is the amplitude of this struma?

Let the jerelo struma create a changing harmonic voltage.

U(t) = U o sinωt. (1)

Vidpovidno to Ohm's law, the strength of the struma on the distance of the lancet, which is less to avenge the resistor with a support R, connections to the same dzherel, change from year to year also according to the sinusoidal law:

I(t) = U(t)/R = (U o /R)sinωt = I o sinωt,

De I o \u003d U o / R? amplitude value of the struma strength in the lance.
As you can see, the strength of the struma in such a lance also changes hour by hour according to the sinusoidal law.
Values U oі I o \u003d U o / R are called the amplitude values ​​of the voltage and the force of the struma. Voltage value U(t) and struma I(t), scho lie down in the hour, call mittevimi.
Knowing the mittve meaning U(t)і I(t), you can calculate the mitteva tightness P(t) = U(t)I(t) yak, on the vіdmіnu vіd lantsyugіv postіyny struma, change with the hour.
To improve the fallow power of the strum at the hour in lancius, we will rewrite the viraz for mitteva thermal tension on the resistors at the sight

P(t) = U(t)I(t) = I 2 (t)R = I o 2 Rsin 2 ωt.

Oskіlki mitteva tension changes with the hour, then vikoristovuvat tsyu value as the characteristics of trivial processes in practice is not handy.
Let's rewrite the formula for tightness in a different way:

P \u003d UI \u003d U o I o sin 2 ωt \u003d (1/2) U o I o (1? cos2ωt) \u003d U o I o /2? (U o I o /2)cos2ωt.

The first dodanok cannot be left overnight. Another addendum? warehouse change? the function of the cosine of the hinged cut and the average value for the period of coliving is close to zero (div. figure).
Therefore, the average value of the sweating of the snake electric struma for a trivial interval of an hour you can know by the formula

P cp \u003d U o I o /2 \u003d I o 2 /R.

This virus allows you to enter effective (effective) values ​​of the strength of the strum and the voltage, which are victorious as the main characteristics of the strum.
Chinnim(Effective) values ​​of the strength of the strum are called the strength of such a steady strum, which, passing through the lancet, sees in one hour the same amount of warmth that even the zminny strum is given.
Bo for fast strumu

P post = I 2 R,

Those s urakhuvannya earlier otrimana virase for the average value of the tension of the snake strum and the value of the strength of the struma

I d \u003d I o /?.

Similarly, you can enter a value for the voltage

U d \u003d U o /? 2.

In such a rite, virazi for the rozrahunka of the tightness, which snuggles in the lances of the fasting struma, are deprived of the fair ones for the snake strum, as if to win in them the value of the struma strength and the tension that is blowing:

P \u003d U d I d \u003d I d 2 R \u003d U d 2 / R, I d \u003d U d / R.

41.1. Trikutniks voltage and support.

Warehouse amplitude ignition voltage:

Meanings that are born:

Head voltage vector:

In order to know the value of the vector U, we need to vector diagram(Fig. A). The vector struma I is taken as the outward vector in the diagrams.

The vector y runs straight along with the strum vector I, and the straightening vector is perpendicular to the vector with a positive cut.

It can be seen from the diagrams that the vector of the main stress U and the vector of the struma at kut > 0, ale< , а по величине равен гипотенузе прямоугольного треугольника, катетами которого являются векторы падений напряжения вактивном и индуктивном сопротивлениях и : =Ucos

The projection of the stress vector U on the direction of the stream vector is called the active storage vector of the stress and is denoted by Ua. Ua =

The projection of the stress vector U on the straight line, perpendicular to the stream vector, is called the reactive storage vector of the stress and is designated Up. Up =

The sides of the tricout of the tension, the bends in units of the tension, are divided into strum I. We take away the similar tricout of the supports (Fig. b), the legs of which are the active and inductive opir, and the hypotenuse is the value.

The setting of the tension, which is die, up to the strong struma of a given lancet is called the full support of the lancet. The sides of the tricot of the supports cannot be entered by vectors, the shards of the support are functions of the hour.

From trikutnika supports vyplivaє:

41.2. Recent Opir.

Last Opir (Z)- ce vector sum of all supports: active, imminent and inductive.

The latest opir of the Lanziug.

41.3. Kut zsuvu phases between tension and strum.

The argument of the complex support j є the difference of the cob phases of the tension and the struma, and also it can also be assigned for the speech and apparent warehouse complex support yak j = arctg ( X/R). Otzhe, zsv phases between the voltage and the strum are indicated only by the parameters of the pressure and do not lie in the parameters of the strum and the voltage in the lance . Z virazu next, that the positive values ​​of j show the rising phase of the struma, and the negative ones - the development.

41.4. Ohm's law for strong and amplitude values ​​of struma and pressure.

In the active element r there is an irrevocable transformation of the electric

energy at thermal energy. Mittevi meaning strumu i that voltage u po'yazanі

Ohm's law:

How the strum changes according to the sinusoidal law same voltage:

From the other side of the mittve, the value of the voltage:

We have taken Ohm's law for amplitude values: , and Ohm's law for fluctuating values:

42. Energy process. Mitteva, active, reactive, and so on. Stretcher of tightness. Coefficient of tension.

mitteva called dobutok mittevikh the value of the voltage and the force of the stream on the yakіys dіlyantsі electric lansyug
For the purpose, the electric voltage is the ratio of the work of the electric field, perfected when the test electric charge is transferred from point A to point B, to the value of the test charge. So we can say that the electric voltage is more expensive for robots from transferring a single charge from point A to point B. In other words, with a single charge in Russia, according to the dilanci of the electric lance, the robot is numerically equal electrical voltage, scho dіє on dіlyantsі lansyug. Multiplying the robot by the number of single charges, we, in such a rank, take the robot, as we add qi charge for an hour to the ruhu from the cob of the lansyug to the end. Exhaustion, for the appointment, the whole robot in one hour. Let's introduce the notation: U- voltage at distance A-B t), Q- number of charges that passed from A to B per hour Δ t. BUT- robot, vikonan charge Q under Russian divisions A-B, P- Tension. Recording the vision of the mirkuvannya, we will take:

For all charges:

Considering the hour is infinitely small, it can be accepted that the magnitude of the voltage and struma this hour also change infinitely little. As a result, it is necessary to have the same appointment electrical pressure:

mitteva electrical tension p(t), which is seen on the distribution of the electric lance, є increase the value of the voltage u(t) ta strumu i(t) at your dealership:

Active pressure
Set to W [W] Watt.
Average for the period T meaning mitteva tightness called active tension: Lantsugs have a single-phase sinusoidal struma de Uі I- Root-mean-square value of voltage and struma, φ - cut zsuvu phases between them. For lances of non-sinusoidal struma, the electrical tension is equal to the sum of the average average tensions of the other harmonics. Active tension characterizes the speed of the irreversible conversion of electrical energy to other types of energy (thermal and electromagnetic). Active tension can also be expressed through the force of the struma, the tension and the active storage support of the lance r or її conductivity g according to the formula active tension of the entire lancet, the total amount of active tensions of the lancet parts of the lancet, for triphasic lanceugs The electrical tension is measured as the sum of the tensions of the four phases. With total exhaustion S active pov'yazana spіvvіdshennyam

Reactive pressure

Unity vimіru - reactive volt-ampere (var, var)

Reactive tension - a value that characterizes the tension that occurs in electrical outbuildings by coliving the energy of an electromagnetic field in the lances of a sinusoidal snake struma, which contributes to the increase of the mean-square value of the voltage U and struma I, multiplied by the sine of the kuta zsuv of the phases between them: (for example, the strum is different from the voltage, the zvd of the phases is considered positive, as it is viperedzha - negative). Reactive tension is associated with total tension S and active straining R spіvvіdnostnyam: .

The physical sense of reactive pressure is the energy that is pumped from the dzherel to the reactive elements of the receiver (inductance, capacitors, motor windings), and then turn these elements back at the dzherel for a stretch of one period of coliving, carried out until the next period.

It is necessary to indicate that the value of sin for values ​​from 0 to plus 90° is a positive value. The sin value for values ​​from 0 to -90 ° is a negative value. Vіdpovіdno to formula Q = UI sin φ, reactive tension can be both a positive value (as an effect of an active-inductive character), and a negative one (as an effect of an active-inductive character). Tsya furnishing is blaming on the fact that the reactive tension does not take part in the robotic electric jet. If there is a positive reactive tension, then it is customary to say that it is calming down, and if it is negative, then it vibrates, but the mentality is pure, due to it, that there are more electrically-sustaining attachments (for example, asynchronous motors), as well as pure more active, which is connected through a transformer, is actively inductive.

Synchronous generators, installed at electric stations, can vibrate in such a way and slow down the reactive pressure in the cold due to the magnitude of the shock wave that flows in the winding of the generator rotor. For rahunok tsієї especially synchronous electrical machines zdijsnyuєtsya regulation of the given equalization of the tension of the railing. For usunennya revantazhen and increase the coefficient of tension electrical installations compensation of reactive strain is required.

The use of modern electrically controlled winding switches on microprocessor technology allows for a more accurate assessment of the magnitude of energy, which is rotated inductively and impulsively on a dzherelo. variable voltage.

Vymіryuvalnі vіdvoryuvаchі reactive tension, scho vikoristovuyut formula Q = UI sin φ, simple and much cheaper and cheaper conversions on microprocessor technology.

Povna tightness

Total electrical pressure unit - volt-ampere (V A, V A)

Povna potuzhnіst - the value, scho dobrivnyuє dobukku dіyuchih value of the periodic electric jet I in lanceugs and tensions U on її grips: S = U I; connected with active and reactive tensions de R- Active tension, Q- reactive tension (with inductive tension Q> 0, and when Q < 0).

Vector zalezhnіst mizh povnoyu, active that reactive sweating expressed by the formula:

There is a practical significance, as a value that describes the need, which is actually superimposed on the elements of the electric power supply (wire, cable, electrical shields, transformers, power transmission lines), so that . To this very fact, the nominal intensity of the transformers is rose shields vimiryuєtsya at volt-amperes, and not at watts.

Topics of the EDI codifier: change strum, vibration electromagnet

Zminny strum- the vibrations of electromagnet colivanna, which vibrate in an electric lance with a coil of a serpentine (mostly sinusoidal) voltage.

Zminny strum є usyudi. Vіn flow with wires of our apartments, at industrial electrical networks, at high-voltage power lines. If you need a power strum to charge the battery of your phone or laptop, you will need a special adapter that will direct the strum from the socket.

Why is the strum of extensions so wide? It appears that the fault is simple for the original and ideally connected to the transmission of electricity to the great stations. We will talk about them in a leaflet dedicated to the production, transmission and distribution of electrical energy.

And at once we will look at the simplest lancets of the snake strum. It is connected to the dzherel of the changeable voltage on the wire: a resistor with a support, a capacitance capacitor and an inductance coil. Vivchivshi behavior of these elements, mi in the step-by-step leaf, we turn them on at once and continue the passage of the snake struma through the kolyavny contour, which may be opir.

The voltage on the terminals of the dzherel changes according to the law:

(1)

Like Bachimo, the voltage can be positive or negative. What is the sense of the sign of the voltage?

Be sure to work on the uvazi, which is taken positively directly bypassing the contour. The voltage is considered positive, as electrical field having charged, scho utvoryuyut strum, maє positive directly. Otherwise, the voltage is considered negative.

Pochatkova phase of the voltage does not play the same role, but we can only see the processes that have arisen at the hour. For the purpose of replacing the sine in viraz (1), it is possible to take the cosine down - in principle, nothing changes.

More precisely, the value of the voltage at the moment is called measure voltage values.

Umova quasi-stationary

One subtle moment is blamed on the time of the strum. Let's assume that the lancet is made up of a number of consecutively added elements.

If the voltage of the dzherel changes according to the sinusoidal law, then the force of the strum does not reach the mittvo to accept the same values ​​​​for the whole lance - it takes an hour to transfer between charged particles of the air of the lance.

Tim, like in times of fast strum, we would like to make the strum the same strength in all elements of the lansyug. Luckily, the bagatiohs have practically important vipadkahs, and I can do it right.

Let's take, for example, change the voltage of the frequency Hz (these are the standards of Russia and the richness of other countries). Voltage spike period: s.

Interactions between charges are transmitted from light to light m / s. For an hour, while the period of coliving is longer, for mutual expansion to expand:

m km.

Therefore, in quiet situations, if the lancer’s dozhina is an order of magnitude smaller in this country, we can fight for an hour to expand mutually and respect, that the power of the struma mittevo is gaining the same value for the whole lancer.

Now we can look at the wild flurry, if the voltage fluctuates from the cyclic frequency. The period of coliving is long, and the whole hour of interaction between charges is transferred to the station. Come on - dovzhina lansyuga. We can fight for an hour to expand mutual modality, even more richly:

(2)

Unevenness (2) is called mental quasi-stationarity. When vikonannі tsієї mind you can vvazhat that the strength of the strum in lancezі mittevo nabuvaє one and the same value in the whole lancezі. Such a strum is called quasi-stationary.

Nadali mi maєmo on uvazi, scho zminny strum zminuєtsya dosit correctly and yogo can be taken as quasi-stationary. Therefore, the strength of the strum in all successively included elements of the lancet takes on the same value - its own skin moment to the hour. Vono is called mittevim meanings of strength or strumu.

Resistor

The simplest lance of a changeable strumu weide, as if to the end of a changeable voltage, connect a great resistor (we remember, we understand that the inductance of the resistor is too small, so the effect of self-induction can not be taken to respect), titles are also active support(Fig. 1)

Rice. 1. Resistor at the lance of the strum

A positive direct bypass of the lancet is chosen against the year's arrow, as shown in the little one. We guess that the power of the strum is considered positive, as the strum flows in a positive direction; Otherwise, the strength of the struma is negative.

It appears that the values ​​of the strength of the strum and the voltage are related by a formula similar to Ohm's law for a constant strum:

In this order, the strength of the struma in the resistor also changes according to the sine law:

The amplitude of the struma is more equal to the amplitude of the voltage to the support:

Bachimo, that the power of the struma through the resistor and the voltage on it change "synchronously", more precisely - in phase (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. The strum through the resistor runs in phase with the voltage

The phase of the stream is equal to the phase of the voltage, so the phases between the stream and the voltage are equal to zero.

Condenser at the lance of the strumum

A constant strum does not flow through the condenser - for a constant strum, the condenser is cut with a lancet opening. The condenser is not overheated for a replacement strum! The passage of a variable struma through the capacitor is secured by a periodic variable charge on the plates.

Let's look at the capacitance capacitor, connections to the dzherel sinusoidal voltage(Fig. 3). The active support of the wires, as a rule, is equal to zero. Positively directly bypassing the lancet, I again choose against the year's arrow.

Rice. 3. Condenser at the lance zminny strum

As before, it is significant through the charge of the plate of the capacitor, as the positive stream flows - if the plate is right. The same sign of the magnitude is combined with the sign of the voltage. In addition, as we remember from the front sheet, with such an uzgodzhennі sign of the charge and straight ahead, the strum will be victorious.

The voltage on the capacitor is more than the voltage of the dzherel:

Differentiation qiu equanimity for the hour, we know the strength of the struma through the condenser:

(3)

Graphs of the struma and the voltage are presented in fig. 4 . Mi Bachimo, that the strength of the struma soon reaches its maximum a quarter of a period earlier, lower voltage. Tse means that the phase of the force of the stream is greater than the phase of the voltage (the stream is outperforming in the phase of the voltage on).

Rice. 4. Strum through the capacitor viperedzhaє in phase voltage on

It is also possible to know the zsv of the phases between the strum and the tension using the additional formula given:

Vikoristovuyuchi її, otrimaєmo z (3):

І now it is more clear that the phase of the struma is larger than the phase of the voltage on .

For the amplitude of the force of the strum, it is possible:

In this way, the amplitude of the force of the struma is related to the amplitude of the stress to the spivdendens, similar to Ohm's law:

The value is called єmnіsnym support capacitor. The larger the opir of the capacitor, the smaller the amplitude of the struma that flows through it, and the other way around.

Єmnіsny opir rotated proportionally cyclic frequency voltage spike (strumu) and capacitor capacity. Let's try to understand the physical reason for such a fallow.

1. The greater the frequency of coliving (with fixation of capacity), the less time for a charge to pass through the lance; the greater the amplitude of the strum strength and the smaller When єmnіsny opіr pragne zero: . Tse means that for a high-frequency stream, the capacitor is actually short stutters lanceugs.

Navpaki, when the frequency is changed, the opir is increased and may be. The price is not surprising: the drop is supported by a steady stream, and the condenser for a steady stream is an inexhaustible support (an opening of the lance).

2. The greater the capacitance of the capacitor (at a fixed frequency), the greater the charge to pass through the lancet for that very hour (for that very quarter of the period); the greater the amplitude of the strum strength and the smaller

Substantiated, scho, on the view of the situation with the resistor, mittevi The value of the struma and the voltage at that very moment and hour is no longer satisfied with the speed similar to Ohm's law. The reason lies in the collapse of the phases: the voltage changes according to the law of the sine, and the force of the struma - according to the law of the cosine; These functions are not proportional to one alone. Ohm's law po'yazanі less amplitude the value of the struma and the voltage.

Cot in the lance of a snake strum

Now we can connect the coil of inductance to our dzherel changeable voltage (Fig. 5). The active support of the coil is equal to zero.

Rice. 5. Cot in the lance of a snake strum

It would have been used, at zero active (otherwise, as it seems, omichny) support through the kotushka is guilty of flowing inexhaustible strum. The prote cat gives a change to the strum of another.
The magnetic field of the strum, which changes in hours, generates a vortex electric field in the coil, as it appears, just like the Coulomb field of charges that collapse:

(4)

The robot of the Coulomb field by moving a single positive charge from the outer lancet to the positive direction - this is the voltage. Similar to the work of the vortex field - CE EPC induction.

To that from (4) it is necessary:

(5)

Equality (5) can be explained from the energy point of view. It is permissible that it won't win. Then, when the charge moves along the lance, a non-zero robot appears, as it is guilty of turning into heat. ale thermal exhaustion to zero at zero ohmic support of the lancet. Vinykla's superbness shows that equanimity (5) can win.

According to Faraday's law, we rewrite spіvvіdnoshenja (5):

(6)

There is no more z'yasuvati, like a function, which changes according to a harmonious law, it needs to be differentiated, in order to take away the right part of the viraz (6). Understand it doesn’t matter (differentiate and reverse!):

(7)

Mi otrimali viraz for strength struma through the coil. Graphs of the struma and the voltage are presented in fig. 6.

Rice. 6. Strum through the coil in the phase of the voltage on

Like Bachimo, the strength of the struma reaches the cutaneous maximum for a quarter of the period of the last, lower voltage. Tse means that the force of the struma is in phase with the voltage on.

It is possible to determine the zsv of the phases using the additional formula:

We take:

Bezposerednyo Bachimo, that the phase of the force is less than the struma for the phase of the voltage on.

The amplitude of the force of the struma through the coil is more:

You can write in a look similar to Ohm's law:

Let's move on to a more detailed review of the processes that take place in the lance, connected to the power of the changeable voltage.

Let the lancet be folded with good wires and advantage with a small inductance and great support R (Fig. 4.10). Qiu value, yaku mi dosi called electric support or just a support, now called active support.

Opir R is called active, because for the obviousness of the vanity, because it is a support, the lancer dries up the energy, because it needs to come out of the generator. Tsya energy is transformed into the internal energy of conductors - the stench is heated. It is important to note that the voltage on the latch of the lancet changes according to the harmonious law:

u = U m cos ωt.

Like in times of constant strum, mittve the value of the force of the strum is directly proportional to the mitt's value of the voltage. Therefore, for the significance of the mitt’s meaning or the struma, one can apply Ohm’s law:

In a conductor with an active support, the struma forces are shifted behind the phase with the stresses (Fig. 4.11), and the amplitude of the struma force varies

Potuzhnіst lanziuzі z resistor. In the case of an alternating strum of industrial frequency (v = 50 Hz), the force of the strum and the voltage change uniformly. Therefore, when the stream is passed through the conductor, for example, along the filament of an electric light bulb, the amount of energy seen also changes with the hour. We don’t notice any of these swedish changes.

As a rule, we need to know middle tension strum at the distance of the lansy for an hour, which includes a lot of periods. For whom it is sufficient to know the average tension for one period. Under the average for the period of the intensity of the zminny struma, it is possible to understand the amount of total energy that comes from the lancers for the period before the period.

The tension at the lance of the postium strum on the distance with the support R is determined by the formula

Р = I 2 R. (4.18)

For a short period of time, the changing strum can be practically invariable. Therefore, mitteva the tightness of the lansyug of the snake strum at the distance, what can active opir R is determined by the formula

Р = i 2 R. (4.19)

We know the average value of tension in the period. For which we can transform the formula (4.19), substituting in it viraz (4.16) for sily strumum and vicorist in the home of the mathematics of spin

Graph of the deposition of mitt's tension at the hour of the images of the baby 4.12, a. Zgіdno with a graph (Fig. 4.12, b), stretching one eighth period, if cos 2ωt\u003e 0, the tension at some point is greater for an hour, then stretching the offensive eighth part of the period, if cos 2ωt< 0, мощность в любой момент времени меньше, чем Среднее за период значение cos 2ωt равно нулю, а значит равно нулю второе слагаемое в уравнении (4.20).

dove, in this rank, to the first term in the formula (4.20):

From formula (4.21) it can be seen that the value of є is average for the period of the value of the square of the struma force:

Value, equal square root from the average value of the square of the struma force, called chinnym values ​​of the power of the snake strum. The chinne value of the power of the streak is indicated through I:

So the very strength of such a steady stream, with which the conductor sees the same amount of warmth, as with a changing stream for the same hour.

The value of the variable voltage is measured similarly to the value of the power of the strum:

Substituting for the formula (4.17) the amplitude values ​​of the struma force and the voltage on their acting values, we can

Tse Ohm's law for a lancet lansyug zminny strumu with a resistor.

Like in the case of mechanical coliving, in the case of electric coliving, call us not to chirp the value of the force of the struma, the voltage and other values ​​at the skin moment of the hour. Important hot characteristics colivane, such as amplitude, period, frequency, value of struma strength and stress, what to breathe, average tension. The most effective values ​​of the struma strength and voltage are recorded by the ammeter and voltmeter of the zminny struma.

In addition, the fiery significance is sruchnishі for mittevі the significance of the fact that the stench itself without intermediary signifies the average value of the tightness of R zmіnnogo strum:

p = I 2 R = UI.

The intensity of the struma in the lance with a resistor is adjusted in phase with the voltage fluctuations, and the tension is determined by the values ​​of the struma and the voltage that are being used.

Asking for a paragraph

1. Why is the amplitude of the voltage in the lighting lines of the strum, roaring for a voltage of 220?

2. What is the name of the strong values ​​of the struma and the voltage?