What is called the changing strum Zagalni understand
Electric strum- Rukh charged particles along the conductor at the singing straight. More precisely, this value, as it shows, how many charged particles passed through the conductor in one hour. If in one second through the transverse section of the conductor there passed a number of charged particles of zavbіlshki into one pendant, then this guide a stream of one ampere is flowing (the designation of the struma is consistent with the international CI system). The magnitude of the electrical struma (number of amperes) is called the struma strength. Fallow in the form of a change in the magnitude of the hour, the strum is constant and changing.
Constant strum- ce electric strum, which does not change its directly with the hour. Zminny strum- from time to time, the singing regularity changes its value, and directly. Moreover, these changes are repeated through the intervening intervals of the hour - that's why the stench is periodic.
Change and post strum in electrical installations
For three-phase electric lines characteristic change strum. Protikannya snake struma for the guides, the presence of the snake’s dzherel electrical shock force(ERC), which changes its value, both for the value, and for the direct. In this case, the change in the magnitude and direction of the EPC follows the law of the sine, so the graph of the change in the change of the struma in the hour is the same sinusoid. Dzherelom sinusoidal EPC є generator zminny strum.
Practically all electrical equipment of electrical installations industrial enterprises to live in the midst of the vicious stream, so as the greatest dotsile and may be impersonal advantages. Ale є th deyak obladnannya, yak pratsyuє vіd merezhі postіyny strumu (or deyakі yogo parts): synchronous dvigun, electromagnіtny, dvigun stіyyny strumu and others. In order to turn the change strum on constant strum(necessary for the life of a vyshchevkazannyy electrical installation) vicarious vypryamlyachі.
In addition, a constant stream is victorious for the transmission of high-voltage lines of great strains of electrical energy. In this case, when transferring electrical energy to a large electric station, you spend significantly less, lower with the same transfer of a snake stream.
The understanding of the luminous electric strum is given by the assistant of the physics of the cosmic light initial mortgage- Schools. Smіnniy elektrichny strum maє the form of a harmonic sinusoidal signal, the main characteristics of which is the voltage and frequency, which is diє.
Frequency - the number of recent changes in the polarity of a changeable electric stream in one second. Tse means that the strum at the primary butt rosette with a frequency of 50 Hertz in one second changes its direction from a positive value to a negative one and back exactly fifty times. One new change in the direction (polarity) of an electric strum from a positive value to a negative one and again to a positive one is called a period of electric strumming. For a long period T change electric jet change your direct drives.
For a visual warning of the sinusoidal shape of the zminny struma, sound the vicorist oscilloscope. To turn off the electric strum and the oscilloscope mesh tension at the entrance, vikoristovuyut rozdilovі transformers. For vimiryuvannya period there is no difference, for some equal (equal amplitude) points of yoga vimiryuvati. It is possible for the maximum positive or negative vertices, or it is possible for zero values. Tse explains the little one.
From the assistant of physics, we know that the changeable electric jet vibrates for help electrical machines- generator. The simplest generator model is the magnetic frame that wraps in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet.
Let me make a straight-cut frame with a dekilkom coils, which is evenly wrapped in a uniform magnetic field. Vinicate at tsіy ramtsі e.r.s. induction changes according to the sinusoidal law. Cleavage period T zmіnnogo elektricheskogo struma - chain turn of the magnetic frame on the axis.
One of the most important parameters of the electric stream is the two values of the changeable electric stream - the maximum value and the average value.
The maximum value of the voltage of the electric jet Umax is the value of the voltage, which corresponds to the maximum value of the sinusoid. The average value of the voltage of the electric jet Uav- the value of the voltage, which is the most important value of 0.636 per maximum. Mathematically, it looks like this:
U cf \u003d 2 * U max / π \u003d 0.636 U max
The sinusoid of the maximum voltage can be controlled on the oscilloscope screen. Understand what is the average value of the snake electrical voltage you can do the experiment for a little one and describe below.
Vikoristovuyuchi oscilloscope, connect to the input sinusoidal voltage. Move the "zero" of the scroll to the bottom line of the scale of the oscilloscope screen with the handle of the vertical shift of the scroll. Stretch and put a horizontal slit so that one nap sinusoidal voltage placed at ten (five) screens of the oscilloscope screen. With the handle of the vertical riser (adjustment), stretch the riser in such a way that the maximum amplitude of the swell was placed exactly ten (five) times on the oscilloscope screen. Determine the amplitude of sinusoids on ten plots. Add up all ten values and add to ten - to know yoga "middle ball". As a result, you take a voltage value of approximately 6.36 with a maximum value of 10.
Vimiryuvalni accessories - voltmeters, circuits, multimeters for vimiryuvannya variable voltage Mayut in your scheme vipryamlyach i capacitor, which smoothes. Tsey lance "rounds" the multiplier of the difference between the maximum and the variable voltage to the number 0.7. To that, as you can see on the screen of the oscilloscope a sinusoidal voltage with an amplitude of 10 volts, then the voltmeter (single, multimeter) will show not 10, but close to 7 volts. Do you think your home outlet has 220 volts? So і є, ta don't call it like that! 220 volts - average voltage single socket, averaged with a vimiryuvalnym attachment - a voltmeter. The maximum voltage is shown by the formula:
U max \u003d U change / 0.7 \u003d 220 / 0.7 \u003d 314.3 volts
The very same, if you "b'є" strum vіd electrical sockets 220 volts, know what your illusion is. The voltage is about 315 volts right now.
The order of simple sinusoidal zminniy strum in technіtsi widely vykoristovuєtsya so ranks triphasny strum. Moreover, a three-phase electric stream is the main type of energy that wins over the whole world. The three-phase strum gained popularity through a smaller transmission of energy on a large scale. Just as for a great (single-phase) electric strum, two darts are needed, then for a three-phase strum, which has more energy, more than three darts are needed. Physical sense You know from your stats later.
It should be noted that not one, but three identical frames wrap around the main axis, the planes of which are rotated one at a time by 120 degrees. These are sinusoidal f.f.s. it will also be shifted in phase by 120 degrees (div. in fig.).
Such three favorable changing strumas are called a three-phase struma. A simpler winding of the windings of a three-phase strum generator is illustrated by a small one.
The connection of the generator windings behind three independent lines is shown in the small picture below.
It is cumbersome to connect such a connection with wires. Since only differences in potentials are important for the appearances in electric lances, then one conductor can win twice for two phases, without reducing the building capacity of the skin phases. In other words, at the time of connecting the generator windings behind the "star" circuit to the "zero" switches, the transfer of energy to three dzherel is carried out for chotirma droti (div. fig.), in which one is the most powerful - zero drotom.
Behind three wires, energy can be transferred to three (actually independent) wires of an electric jet connected by a "trikutnik".
At industrial generators and transformers, which are being reworked, the “trikutnik” sounds like an interphase voltage of 220 volts is connected. With whom "zero" drіt vіdsutnіy. "Zіrka" vikoristovuєtsya to transfer the voltage of the wire to vikoristannym "zero". With tsomu on the phase of the "zero" phase, the voltage is 220 volts. The interfacial voltage is at 380 volts.
We often see a phenomenon in the hour of "malicious democracy" when the afterburning equipment was burning in the apartments of the good-hearted hulks, if through a weak wiring a blazing "zero" was burning, even if it was a fallow butt fittings turned on at the apartment, the televisions and refrigerators were on at the one who turned them on the least. Viklikano tse phenomenon "skewed phases", which vinikalo at urvishchi zero. At the outlet of good-natured citizens, a 220-volt substitute was connected with a phase-to-phase voltage of 380 volts. Until now, in rich communal apartments and spores, the life of our Russian cities was predicted, and this phenomenon was not uprooted until the end.
OTRIMANNYA ZMINNY STROUM
In industrialism, there is mainly a sinusoidal changing strum, which, on the surface of the fast, the skin changes its value and periodically directly. For otrimannya such struma vikoristovuyut dzherela electrical energy, scho create a change of ed with, periodically change for the magnitude of it directly; such dzherela are called generators of a strumu. The principle of taking away the snake strum. The simplest generator of a variable struma can be a coil that wraps in an equal magnetic field (Fig. 168, a). Using the rule of the right hand, it is easy to determine that the process of wrapping the coil is directly f.f.s. e, induced in the working plots 1 and 2 turns, constantly changing (shown by arrows), also, changing and straight struma, to pass through a closed lance. Behind the law of electromagnetic induction, e.g. in magnetic field with induction,
2l - dozhina of two working parts of the coil, which is in the magnetic field;
Kut mizh directly power magnetic lines and directly the turn of the turn at the moment of the hour (directly the speed vector?).
When wrapping a coil with a windshield? kut? = ?t, later,
e = 2lBv sin?t.
Zminny kut? t is called phase e.d.s. Value 2lB? є maximum values of f.f.s. e, if it is taken at t = 90 ° (if the area of the coil is perpendicular to the power magnetic lines). Having designated yoga Otrimaemo:
e \u003d E t sin?t.
Otriman's fallows change s.d. e in the kuta?t or in the hour t is graphically represented by a sinusoid (Fig. 168, b). E. d. s, streams and voltages, which change their values and direct lines according to the law of sinusoids, are called sinusoidal. Axis, what kind of kuti? t, you can like all the time t. Let's look at the kіlka okremih the position of the coil. At the moment of the hour, when the kutu is blown t 1 (div. fig. 168, a), if the coil is in the horizontal position, then the working logs of the nibi forge the bridles of the power magnetic lines, without bending them; to that at that moment e.d.s. they are induced (point 1 in Fig. 168, b). With a further turn of the turn of the side, begin to change the magnetic force lines. At the world of increase in turn, the number of power lines, which are interchanged by the sides of the turn in one hour, is apparently increased at the turn of the e.d. yogo robotic boards 1 and 2 collapse perpendicular to the power lines of the magnetic field; at this moment e.d.s. e reaches its maximum value E t (point 2 on the graph). With a further wrapping of the coil, the number of power lines that change, change, and change in a similar way is induced at the coil, e.f.s. At the moment of the hour, when the worker of the turn is working again, they forge the bridle of the magnetic power lines, after which the e.d.s. e to zero (point 3). Let's work on the 1st and 2nd turn again to start changing the magnetic power lines, but in another straight line, the E.D.S. opposite straightening. At the moment of the hour, what kind of vіdpovіdaє kutu?t 4 . with a vertical rotation of the coil, e.d.s. reaches the maximum value - E t (point 4), then it changes, and at the moment of the hour, when it changes t5, it becomes equal to zero again (point 5). With a distant Russian wind with skin
Rice. 168. Induction of sinusoidal e.d.s. (a) that curve її change (b)
a new turn of descriptions is more about the process of induction of e.d.s. repeat.
At modern generators of a changeable stream of magneti or electromagnet, which create a magnetic field, sound roar on the part of the machine, which wraps - rotor, And the turns, in which the f.d. stator. However, from the point of view of the principle of dії of the generator of the zminny strum baiduzhe, on some part of the machine - the rotor or the statir - the coils are turned, in which the е.d.
The robot accepting electrical energy for a replacement stream. If you connect an electric lamp (div. small 168, a) to the generator of the zminny stream, then the thread її periodically ignite and reach. However, if the frequency of the change of the streak is high, then the thread of the lamp cannot be cooled down and the eye of a person cannot catch the change of voltage. So, wash your mind with the robotic electric motor of the snake strum; such a mover, when working, takes away the pulses of the vibrating stream, which go one by one with a great frequency, and this rotor will turn around with a constant frequency.
The change is called the strum, the strength of that straight line changes periodically in the hour. At the technics, a changeable strum is stagnant, which changes with a sinusoid. Otrimannya zminny struma is grounded on the manifestations of electromagnetic induction.
On fig. 161 schematically depicts the design of a sinusoidal strum. Evil on the scheme but indications: magnet poles (pivnichny N and pvdenny S), circles of different positions of the conductor in the magnetic field; with which the plus sign (+) means that in this position the strum went over the armchair area, and the dot (.) that the strum went over the armchair area at us.
On the scheme of Fig. 161, b represented by a change in the strength of the straight stream along the outer lance of a closed conductor for the first turn between the poles of the magnets. On the horizontal axis of the graph, the hour is indicated, and the vertical axis - the value of the stream. Like a curved graph, like a sinusoid, for one turn it is fallow in the kuta, under which the conductor changes the magnetic power lines, the value of the struma changes from zero to maximum, and in sign - from plus to minus.
The machine that serves as a replacement for a strum is called a generator for a strum, the principle of which can be understood from the attack.
Yakshcho vikonati conductor at the sight of the coil, place it between the poles (Fig. 161, in) and wrap around directly to the turn of the year's arrow, then in the new inductance, e.e., straightened when wrapped with a pivnichny pole in front of us, and when wrapped with a pivdenny pole - on us. So, as the sides of the coil alternately move under the pivnichny pole, then under the pivdenny pole and change at the same magnetic force lines under different kums, then the e.d.e. Having arrived the ends of the coil up to two contact rings, insulating between ourselves and in the shaft, and putting on the rings of non-violent shields, closing from the outer lance, we will take the change of the e.d.
Zminny strum is characterized by such values: period, frequency, amplitude.
Under the period, it is necessary to reconsider the interval of an hour, with a stretch of some kind, the next cycle changes the struma for the values directly. The skin of the onset period of the struma is the repetition of the anterior one. The period is denoted by a letter T(div. Fig. 161, b) and sometimes it is expressed not in hours, but in degrees.
The frequency is the number of cycles of changing the struma per hour (periods of 1 s). Frequency is a value that reverses the period, denoted by the letter f, so f \u003d 1 / T. For unity, the frequency of acceptance is hertz (Hz). The SRSR adopted a frequency of 50 Hz.
The amplitude is called the greatest value of the strum, which is within the reach of a long period. How to seep out of rice. 161, b, for one period, the changeable stream reaches the amplitude value of the binary.
The law of a constant strum of stagnation to lances of a strum is less in vipads, if the strums of lances are formed from active supports at the link from the stasis of heating lamps, rheostats. However, in bagatioh vipadkah chain variable strumu, krim active support, to take revenge on self-induction coils, electric motor windings, capacitors and other accessories, like making so called " reactive opir, which infuses the strum at the lancet "serpentine strum, the legacy of which Ohm's law is seen in, like a wine is stagnant for the lancet of the post-strum, unrealistic for the lancet of the serpentine strum.
In order to know the fluffy strum from the undecoated lancet of the zminny strum, it is necessary to upgrade the new lancer support with the improvement of all resistors that go up to the new one. Zagalom with presence in lanceugue of active R, inductive XL that єmnіsny support X s the latest opir of the lancer of the zminny strumu is assigned to the formula
The same value of the struma, what is it, in the price of a changeable struma with series-connected resistors R ,XLі X s at the input voltage U follow the formula
I = U/Z.
This formula may have the same meaning, like Ohm's law for the lancet of a fast strum. If you include an ammeter in the lancet of the strum, you will see the value; 1.4 times less amplitude strum. The value of the struma is called inflated or the effective value of the snake struma. For a sinusoidal strum fiery meaning voltage U that electrical disruptive force E will also be less than the amplitude values of 1.4 times. Survival accessories, included in the lancet of the snake struma, show the fiery meaning of the surviving greatness.
In some vipads, it is necessary to know not the mean value, but the average value of the strum, as if to show the last of the roses, which is more than the amplitude value multiplied by 0.637.
Likewise, between the poles of the cylinder wrap, on which there is not one, but three windings, the skin is closed according to the extension to the others on the kut 120, then it is induced in the skin winding of the e.d.s. it reaches the amplitude value for more than one hour, but it hangs behind the phases for 1/3 of the period (120 °), as shown in fig. 162.
On fig. 162 złiva schematically depicts a magnet with poles and a cylinder that wraps between them, with windings 1, 2 і 3, zmіscheni schodo one one by 120 °, and right-handed representations of the graph of sinusoids change the e.d. struma at tsikh windings. As the graph is screaming, the sinusoids are shifted one by one to the singing cut φ (Fig. 162), the ranks of the phases. When wrapped, the skin winding is an independent dzherel of a single-phase snake strum.
A three-phase strum is a collection of three alternating strums of the same frequency, broken by 1/3 of the period (120"). A three-phase strum vibrates three-phase generators zminnogo struma, z'ednannya windings in those who roar with a starry chi tricutnik (Fig. 163).
When z'ednanny with a star (Fig. 163, but) cobs of all phase windings go at the outer lance, other ends of the windings are connected with each other. You can calm down between a pair of linear wires, or between a pair of linear wires and zero. When z'ednanny trikutnik (Fig. 163 b) the end of the first winding of the phase comes to the cob of the other, the end of the other - to the cob of the third, the end of the third - to the cob of the first.
The voltage between the cob and the end of the phase is called the phase voltage and is indicated Uph The voltage between the ends of the phases or the wires is called the linear voltage and is indicated by Ul- Vidpovidno and the struma strength is called the phase If or linear I l -
When connecting the phases of the generator or receiving a star line strum dovnyuє phase, and line voltage 1.73 times more for the phase voltage. When connected with a tricot, the linear voltage is higher than the phase one, and the linear strum is 1.73 times greater than the phase one.
1. What bodies are called magnets, and why do they show their magnetic powers?
2. By what order can one directly designate the magnetic field that one of the power lines, which is to be blamed for the conductor with the strum?
3. What is called magnetic induction, magnetic flux and magnetic lance?
4. Why am I going to build that other electromagnet?
5. How does the interaction between a magnetic field and a conductor with a strum manifest itself?
6. What do you understand about electromagnetic induction, self-induction and mutual induction?
7. What do you understand under the changing strum that what is the principle of yoga?
8. What values characterize the change sinusoidal strum?
9. Which strum is called triphasic and how is the principle of yoga otriman?
Rukh electronics at the conductor
In order to understand what such a strum and the stars of wine are taken, it is necessary for the mother to know a little about the life of the atom and the laws of their behavior. Atoms are made up of neutrons (neutral charge), protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge).
The electric strum is the result of direct displacement of protons and electrons, as well as ions. How can you straighten out a bunch of particles? Under the hour, be it a chemical operation, electrons are driven in and pass from one atom to the next.
Those atoms that “break” the electron become positively charged (anions), those that come to them are negatively charged and are called cations. In the aftermath of the "overrunning" of electronics, the fault of the electric jet.
Naturally, this process cannot be continued forever, an electric stream is formed, if all the atoms of the system are stabilized and a neutral charge is generated (the main butt stock is a typical battery, as a result of the end of the chemical reaction).
History of the event
The ancient Greeks were the first to commemorate the cicave's sight: like rubbing a stone burshtin on a linen cloth, they begin to attract other objects. The next steps began to work for the vineyards and the vineyards of the Renaissance, as if they were raising a sprig of tents, which they demonstrated the presence.
A new stage in the development of electricity was the robots of the American Benjamin Franklin, who survived the Leyden jar - the first electric capacitor in the world.
Franklin himself understood the positive and negative charges, as well as foresaw the thunder. I have become an exact science after the description of Coulomb's law.
The main laws of that power in the electric stream
Ohm's law - yogo formula viznaє vzaєmozv'yazok force, strain that support. A tribute to the 19th century by the German scholar Georg Simon Ohm. The unit of vimіru elektroopor is named after Yogo honor. Yogo vіdkrittya buli more korisnі for a practical vikoristannya.
Joule-Lenz's law electric lansyug see a robot. Afterwards, the robot and the conductor heat up. Such a thermal effect is often seen in practice in engineering and technology (mandatory butt - heating lamp).
Ruh charges when the robot is charged
This regularity took away such a name that once 2 vchenih approximately at the same time and independently, they led її for additional help
.
On the cob of the 19th century, the British teachings Faraday realized that by changing the number of linear induction, piercing the surface surrounded by a closed circuit, you can create an induction strum. Third party forces that are on the free side, call electrical disruptive force(EPC induction).
R_novidi, characteristics of that unit vimіru
Electric strum can be buti abo changed, or postiynym.
Postiyny electrostrum - tse strum, which does not change its direct sign at the hour, however, you can change its value. Postiyny elektrostrum as dzherelo most vikoristovu galvanic elements.
Change is called the one that changes directly that sign according to the law of cosine. Yogo characteristic є frequency. The units of the virus in the system CI are Hertz (Hz).
In the rest of the decade, there is a large expansion of the nabu. This is a species of snake struma, which includes 3 lancers. In these lances, there are EPC changes of the same frequency, but they are flared in phase one more time per third period. The phase is called the skin of the okremium electric lance.
May all current generators vibrate three-phase electrostrum.
- The strength is the strength of the strum
The strength of the struma to lie down depends on the magnitude of the charge that flows through the electric lantern in one hour. The strength of the strum is worth the electric charge, which can pass through the wire through the conductor, for an hour of its passage.
In system CI, the unit of power is the coulomb (C), the hour is the second (s). The result is taken C / s, one unit is called Ampere (A). The power of the electric jet is reduced by an additional accessory - an ammeter.
- Voltage
Voltage - ce spіvvіdnoshnja roboti to the magnitude of the charge. The robot works in joules (J), charge in coulombs. This unit is called Volt (V).
- Electric Opir
Ammeter indication on different conductors to give different values. And in order to calm down the tension of the electric lance, I had to beat 3 attachments. The phenomenon is explained only by the fact that from the skin conductor there is a difference in conductivity. The loneliness of the world is called Om and is denoted by the Latin letter R. Opir is also deposited and in the form of a explorer's house.
- Electrical capacity
Two conductors, being isolated from one another, can accumulate electric charge. This phenomenon is characterized by physical. magnitude, as is called an electrical capacity. Її unity of the world - farad (F).
- Potuzhnіst that robot electric strumu
The work of the electric strum on a specific distance of the lancet is more expensive by multiplying the strum voltage by the force that hour. Voltage is measured in volts, force in amperes, hours in seconds. The unity of the world was taken by the robots Joule (J).
Potuzhnіst elektrostrumu - tse vіdnoshennia work until the hour її skoєnnya. Intensity is denoted by the letter P, and mitigated with cotton wool (W). The formula for tightness is even simpler: The strength of the struma is multiplied by the strain of the struma.
Isnuye is also called Wat-year. Її not a trace of stray with wool, tse 2 raznі physical quantities. BAT suffers from fatigue (slowness of contraction or energy transfer), and BAT-years show the energy of vibration for a specific hour. Tsey vimir often zastosovuyut schodo pobutovykh elektropriladіv.
For example, a lamp with an intensity of 100 W worked out for one year, it lasted 100 W * a year, and a lamp with an intensity of 40 watts would require electricity for 2.5 years.
In order to slow down the tension of the electric lantern, a wattmeter
What kind of struma is effective and what is the difference between them?
Permanent electrostrum is easy to vicorate at the tip parallel connection generators, for replacement, synchronization of the generator and the power system is required.
In history, it has become under the name "Vijna strumiv". Tsya "warfare" came between two brilliant wine-makers - Thomas Edison and Mykola Tesla. The first one pidtrimuvav and actively pushed through the post-yny electrostrum, and the other one was replaced. "War" ended with Tesley's victory in 2007, if New York had enough transitions to change.
The difference in the efficiency of the transfer of energy to the station turned out to be great for the brilliance of the strum. The permanent electrostrum cannot be broken, as the station is far away from the calm.
Ale postiyny all the same knows the scope of zastosuvannya: wines are widely vikoristovuєtsya in electrical engineering, galvanization, and other types of zvaryuvannya. So the post-yny electrostrum has widened beyond the scope of the city transport (trolleybuses, trams, metro).
Obviously, do not buy filthy or good strums, the skin looks like it has its own advantages and disadvantages, more than that - it’s right to beat them.
The crimson of a constant (constant in the hour) strum is a changeable strum, which changes its size directly by the year.
Electricity generators, including automobiles, vibrate a changeable stream, which then transforms into a permanent one.
As a rule, the changing strum changes at the hour according to the sinusoidal law. For yoga, I will describe additional parameters - frequency and amplitude.
Figure 10. Strumu strength
Frequency - the value, as it shows, how many times a new strum (or voltage) per second. The frequency is set in Hertz (one Hertz equals one beat per second).
For її vyznachennya, you can use a special device - a frequency meter, but in practice, you can use an oscilloscope, which can show not only the frequency, but also the shape of the signal.
With the frequency of engagements is another parameter, which is called a period. The period is the whole hour of one repeated injection. The period is reduced in seconds.
Amplitude - the height of the sinusoid, so that the maximum value of the struma, vimiryane like zero. The amplitude of these units is measured, as the main value, so that the amplitude of the changeable struma is measured in amperes, the amplitude of the changeable voltage - in volts.
IN by-butovy electric lines chirp at a frequency of 50 Hz. The magnitude of the tension of the measure is assessed not by the amplitude, but by its effective values, as it allows you to simply loosen the tension of the snake struma. Efficiently, the value can be developed according to the amplitude of the voltage and the struma, vicarious spіvіdnoshennia 11е = 0.707 Urn.
What is the amplitude of the voltage at the butted electrical circuit? 220 volt? Hi! 311 volts are shown, and the effective voltage value is 220 volts.
The term "more efficient" is often omitted. Use it to attach the lances of the snake strum to show the effective value.
Fallow in the value of the frequency of colivanny nabula different names, hover below.
To gain respect, which is only beginning with a frequency of 100 kHz, the kollyvannya can be freely used in the affected medium. However, this sound is miraculously transmitted over wires, which ensures it is widely used in car immobilizers.
Just briefly, the signal from the transponder key inserted into the lock is transmitted in a redundant medium to the receiver antenna, installed on the other lock. From the other side, when the module is bypassed by the standard immobilizer, the signal from the transponder key, buried in the engine compartment, goes through the wires to the other antenna.
Table 8. Frequency range of different colivans |
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Familiarize yourself with the area of radio frequency congestion One more table will help you.
Middle wind (SW) |
300 - 3000 kHz |
radio communication |
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Short Whistle (KB) |
radio communication; Amateur radio call (27 MHz). |
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Ultrashort Quills (UKH) |
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A) meters |
radio communication; TV broadcast |
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B) decimeters |
300 - 3000 MHz |
radio communication; Stilnikovy call (900 MHz; 1800 MHz); GPS navigation; Car alarm keychain frequency 433, 92 MHz and 867.8 MHz |
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B) centimeters |
radar; Bluetooth (2.4 - 2.48 GHz); Sensors obsyagyu; Immobilizer. |
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D) millimeters |
radar |
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Figure 11. Scheme-memo "Ohm's Law" |
Basic elements of an electric stake
With the theory of electricity, it may be over, it has not been possible to look at the main elements of the electric stake, which may be necessary for the installation of a security facility.
