Zvyazok between strumas and voltages in R, L, C. Dzherela EPC ta strumu. Linear and non-linear lancets. Law of Ohm and Kirchhoff. Lantsyugi sinusoidal strum. Characteristics of a sinusoidal struma (spring). Kut zsuvu phases. Chinne is the average value. Energy in capacity and inductance. Lanciug with the latest orders R, L, C. Active, reactive and ground support. The pressure is active The exchange of energy in the lance of the snake strum.

Terms and definitions of the main ones to understand

Dzherelo electric strum - dzherelo electric energy, which is characterized by an electric strum at a new and internal conductivity.

Dzherelo electric voltage - Dzherelo electric energy, which is characterized by electrical breaking force and internal electrical support.

Active tension - a value equal to the arithmetic mean value mitteva tightness bipolar for the period.

Sinusoidal electric strum - periodic electric strum, which is a sinusoidal function of the hour.

The phase of the (sinusoidal electric) struma is the argument of the sinusoidal electric struma, which winds up as the point where the value of the struma passes through zero to a positive value.

Theoretical material

Opir,.

The numerical difference of potentials in a healthy robot, which is caused by the electric field of moving a single positive charge from point 1 to point 2.

For tension, it’s the same way, as for the struma, it’s pretty straight forward, it sounds like it’s running straight from the struma (Fig. 2.1).

- Ohm's law

І inductance

Vidpovidno to the law of electromagnetic induction, the change of the flux-coupling of self-induction leads to the EPC self-induction.

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Value

called the voltage of inductance. straight ahead escaping straight from the struma (Fig. 2.2).

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Amnesty

When changing on the plates of the capacitor, an electric charge changes and, later, in the lance, an electric jet is established.

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The more positively direct voltage on the container changes with the more positively direct struma (Fig. 2.3).

Jerela eds ta strumu

During the rebuilding of electric coils, they are corroded by idealized dzherels of electrical energy - dzherela EPC and struma.

They attribute the following characteristics:

Dzherelo eds

The orderly movement of the noses of electric charges from “-” to “+” in the middle of the dzherel is taken into account by the authorities of the dzherel of third-party forces. The value, numerically equal to the robot, which is created by third-party forces when a single, positive charge moves from “-” to “+”, is called EPC dzherela. Arrow in the middle of the neck to tell about the growth potential (Fig. 2.4).

An ideal EPC dzherel is called an active element from two whiskers, the voltage on which cannot be deposited due to the size of the struma that flows through the dzherelo. The internal opir of the EPC dzherel is equal to zero.

EPC and the voltage on the clamps were the same.

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When the zatiskachivs of the EPC dzherel strum are theoretically guilty of being infinitely great, and, therefore, the EPC dzherel is ideally possible as a dzherel of inexhaustible tightness.

For the recognition of the real EPC dzherel, the opir is victorious, sequentially included with the ideal dzherel (Fig. 2.5). It is between the tightness, which is seen in the old lansy.

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IN

volt-ampere characteristic, prompted for equals (*), is called the best (Fig. 2.6).

Dzherelo EPC

Figure 1 - Designated on the diagrams of the EPC dzherel (levoruch) and the real voltage dzherel (right-handed)

DzhereloEPC (ideally the voltage was right) - bipolar, voltage on the zatiskachs of a kind of fast (do not lie in the struma in the lance). The voltage can be tasks as a constant, as a function of the hour, or as a sovnishne keruyuchiy infusion.

In the simplest case, the voltage is assigned as a constant, so the voltage is dzherela EPC є constant.

Real dzherela naprugi

Malyunok 2

Figure 3 - Navantage characteristic

Ideally, the voltage was dzherelo (EPS dzherelo) is a physical abstraction, so such an attachment cannot be used. If I allow the foundation of such an attachment, then electric strum I, which flows through the new one, having jumped to the point of incompatibility with the connection of the venture, opir R H like a pragne of zero. Ale when you go out, sho tightness Dzherela EPC is also pragmatic inconsistency, shards. Alas, it’s impossible, to that, the tightness of a dzherel would be the energy of Kіntsev.

Really, be it dzherelo naprugi maє vnutrіshnіy opіr r what can be staleness due to the tightness of the dzherel. Tobto chim more tension, tim lesser opir (at a given constant pressure of the dzherel) and navpaki. The presence of the internal support in the air is really dreadful of the tension in the ideal. It should be noted that the internal opir is the key constructive power of the energy supply. Equivalent scheme of a real voltage dzherel є to the last included EPC dzherel - E(ideal spring tension) and internal support - r.

On the little 3, the navantage characteristics of the ideal voltage connector (EPC connector) (blue line) and the real voltage connector (red line) are indicated.

Falling voltage on the internal support;

Voltage drop on the vane.

With a short zamikannі () , then all the tightness of the dzherel energy rises from the yogo internal support. At this point, the strum will be the maximum for the EPC dzherel. Knowing the idle voltage and strum short hum, you can calculate the internal opir of the voltage:

Jerelo strumu.

Figure 1 - Scheme with mental meanings of Dzherel Strumu

Figure 2.1 - Designation on the diagrams of the dzherel strumu

Malyunok 3 - Strum generator type strum dzerkalo, selection on bipolar transistors

Dzherelo strumu(also strumu generator) - a two-terminal network, which creates a strum, so that it is not possible to lie in the support of the advancement, until such a fault arrives. In the case of “dzherel strum” it is often inaccurately called whether the electric voltage is dzherel (battery, generator, socket), but in a strictly physical sense it’s not so, moreover, it sounds vicorist in the dzherel voltage for its characteristics, it’s closer to the EPC penzlik, nizh to dzherel struma.

On fig. schemes.

Ideally jerelo struma

The pressure on the terminals of the ideal dzherel strumu to fall only on the support of the ovnishny lantsyug:

The tightness, which is seen by the strum in the merezha, is dear:

So, like for a struma, the tension and tension, which is seen by him, cannot grow with the growth of the support.

Really zherelo strumu

The real strum dzherelo, like the EPC dzherelo, the linear approximation can have descriptions by such a parameter as an internal reference. Vіdminnіst polyagaє in what the greater internal opіr is, the closer the strum is to the ideal (the more the EPC is closer to the ideal, the lesser the inner opіr). Really strumu with internal support is equivalent to the real EPC dzherel, which can be supported by EPC.

The voltage at the terminals of the real jerela strumu is good:

The strength of the strumu in the lances is more:

The tightness, which is seen as a real strum dzherel in merezh, is more expensive:

Apply

Dzherelom strumu є coil of inductance, which is the strum from the ovnіshny dzherel, stretching out for an hour () after turning on the dzherel. This explains the honesty of contacts when the switch is switched on inductively: saving the struma with a sharp increase in the support (the appearance of a renewed gap) leads to a breakdown of the gap.

The secondary winding of the struma transformer, the primary winding of which is sequentially included in the strained line of the struma, can be seen as an ideal struma, only not permanent, but replaceable. Therefore, the opening of the secondary stake of the strum transformer is unacceptable; the replacement of which, if necessary, re-switching in the lances of the secondary winding without turning on the line, the winding is shunted forward.

Zastosuvannya

The real generators of the struma may have a difference in the supply of water (for example, for the voltage on the yogo output), as well as the non-linear fallows in the minds of the best minds. For example, real generators and streams create an electric stream only in a specific voltage range, upper threshold what to lay down in the spring of the life of the dzherel. In this rank, really dzherela strumu may be obezzhennya schodo navantazhennya.

Dzherela strumu is widely used in analog circuitry, for example, for the life of vimiruval bridges, for the life of cascades of differential switches, and the operation of operating switches.

The concept of the strum generator is designed to represent real electronic components in seemingly equivalent circuits. For the description of active elements, equivalent circuits are introduced for them to avenge the core generators:

Dzherelo strumu, curing with force (abbreviated ITUN)

Dzherelo strumu, curing strum (short ІТUT)