Potuzhnіst elektricheskogo strumu vyznachennya. Rozrahunok spozhivanoї natuzhnostі elektropriladu. Energy injection equipment

A lot of people, if you talk about such an understanding, like electrical pressure, Mayut on uvazі I am a force. However, call school course physicists gave knowledge to those who have the intensity and strength - tse understanding of the difference, even if they are mutually related.

The very concept of "pulling up" means a characteristic of a singing undertone. In whom it is possible to show tightness from as an object. Whether there is a physical influx, you can call it a force of force. A thorough robot is called passing through the paths for additional applied force. Robot, crushed by force for a song hour, dovnjuvatime tightness. In this rank, tightness - tse physical quantity, Equal to the day of work, thoroughly finished for the singing hour with singing strength, until the next hour.

However, it is impossible to forget what they call the other world the world's energy. This can be taken to the point of firmness, which can be called the change of energy in the singing system (the speed of transformation of energy) by this term.

If you want to introduce more terms that designate more than mechanical energy, from which you can introduce such a concept as "electrical exhaustion". Twіr struma on the strain and is called So, as it is understood to lie at the same time and in the strain, and in the struma, it can be said that the same electric strain comes out like with a great struma and a lower pressure, so with a small struma. Such power lies at the basis of the transmission of electrical energy to large stations for auxiliary power plants, substations and lowering ones), rozpodіlnyh outbuildings that other electrical possession.

Electrical power is divided into two main types: reactive power and power is a characteristic of the transformation of electricity into other types of energy (heat, heat, light). Electrical tension is reduced by watts (W). IN pobuti such energy is vibrated at kilowatts, but in great power plants zastosovuyut and more singles - megawatts.

Reactive electrical tension characterizes electrical stress outbuildings. There is a costly increase in the voltage drop on the working jet and on the sine of the cut of the phase shift (phase shift) between the jet and the voltage drop. Reconcile reactive sweating in reactive volt-amperes (VAr).

Active tension can be related to electrical tension through such an understanding, like "cosine fi" - the difference in the phases of the stream and the voltage. For more butt fittings The total cosine is about 0.8. For heating attachments, yoga is often raised practically to one.

Electricity is controlled by a special device - a wattmeter. Such an attachment may have two windings. The first is a tovstim drotom, it is connected at once by the helpers of electricity and fixes the change in the magnitude of the stream. The other winding is folded with a thin rod and connected in parallel to form a voltage in the mesh. At power plants, it is often understood that “electrical pressure is installed”, as if the sum of all is more than one type or type (for example, transformers, generators, engines).

An example from the life of new settlers

A young family with two children (4.5 years and 5 months) built an exchange and moved to a three-room apartment of nine overhead houses of the 80s from the concrete panels with an elevator.

The apartment is electrically equipped without a ground loop and a PE conductor. At the skin pіїzdі, an introductory rose shield. Vіd new power cables disperse along the top shields. On the skin surface there are 4 apartments from two blocks; right and left from the back corridor. Newly installed apartment shields, which are powered by an "aluminum box" of 2.5 mm2. Tsimi, with wires, wired all the electrical wiring in the rooms.

The new master is a home master, the building’s not only clog the flowers, but also beautifully lay the road with tiles, repair the plumbing, turn on the central/dishwasher machine, find out if there is a problem with the telephone and the computer, fix software problems. Ale vin is not an electrician, although he repeatedly replaced sockets with vimics.

Under the hour of re-checking the electrical wiring, the master went through all the sockets with a floor lamp and changed at their correctness. And the light bulbs of the visvitlennya were re-verified in the vimikachiv: the stench worked. Vіn calmed down and took up decorative ozdoblennyam primіschen, and the problems began later.

In autumn, until the beginning of the opalescent season in the children's room, you need heating. We turned on the oil cooler with a pressure of 2 kW. At the same time pratsyuvali pralna that dishwasher, two televisions, a refrigerator with a freezer, a computer, lighting, a radiotelephone and a little hard work.

The smell of burning appeared in the rooms electrical insulation. Particularly strong vіn coming out of the scorched corridor housing shield. I had a chance to turn on the electricity supply from the apartment and sort it out: the wild picture looked disgusting from the look of the electrician.

At the corridor, bathroom and vital vikonana there is a hanging stele with drywall leaves, which closes access to rose boxes. The bedroom of that child's room is covered with expensive decorative trellises, and the boxes underneath are not only attached to them, but are still beautifully plastered. I had a chance to clarify with the susіdіv about to live in the lower version. The road tiles on the walls and unknown fabric tension slab cover the access to the wiring in the kitchen.

I had a chance to get to the electricians and technical dovіdnikіv, to analyze the situation. The aluminum doors of the apartment were mounted according to the nominal scope of the project, as if they were doing a thirty-year old. Before that, stinks already served as a decent term:

aluminium, giving way to twists, stretching, obscuring with screws, and in the areas of deformation, it changed its transverse overcut;

Here we will discuss the tension in electrical terms; at that hour, as the context changed, the suttviy sense of the concept could be left behind by itself. Potuzhnist - tse swidkist, with some kind of electrical energy is supplied to the ring, or it is spodzhivaetsya navantazhennyam. Electric energy is supplied to the quest for additional energy, such as an electrochemical center. Let's guess, that the middle is effectively working out of the charge, to move it from low energy to the high energy terminal. The work on the charge is equivalent to changing the electric potential of the charge.

polyvinylchloride insulation was rubbed when pulled through the empty concrete structures and recognized the overhead heating from the movement of the jets during operation.

The most critical place appeared in: there, de vikonano folding null conductors. For this bulo vikoristano, a montage maidanchik from two parts. On the first half, zero came from the surface shield, and on the other half, all other darts were taken.

Between the maidanchiks there was a bridge from the same aluminum rod. Through her, as if provіd, scho to come, all the vanity of the apartment went. The metal was vitreous, and the insulation vigorated more lower by 2/3 of the old age, commencing from the first Maidan: it was given as a sign of life, made with screwed zatskachs.

Isolation drotu from the surface shield also began to melt, but not so intensely. Pozhezha did not overtake the winknuti - the electricity was switched on hourly and the darts were allowed to cool.

At the current moment at my apartment:

the defective jumper was replaced with a mid-range one, to make it look great;

The new rulers were explained the rules for corying with electrical appliances and they were given a lot of respect for the inadmissibility of one-hour switching on of hard-pressing electric power.

After a trival conversation, the home master:

seriously taking up the development of electrical engineering and the rules of electrical installation: plan to replace the electrical wiring with a more exhaustive one for a new circuit with a PE-conductor and collect pennies for future work;

having gone to the housing and communal services to be transferred to the electric supply scheme for the TN-C-S system, but if I see that the work is still planned, I am not satisfied: I am looking for alternative options for the apartment, which have been put on the fourth version.

Rules for the selection of electrical wiring

In order to avoid similar pardons for the careless supply of electricity, you need to know the rules for choosing electrical wiring. It’s roaring up on the trial of the creation of strum navantages, which is blamed on the connection of the supporters.

The more connected to the outlet, the more attention to the electrical circuit. For a specific skin type, the value changes, but for the choice of metal and resection, the maximum value is set.

With the method of designating the maximum tension of the contraction, it is recommended to create a table for all electrical receivers. Vіdomostі next take s technical documentation or factory nameplates, as placed on the case of accessories.

Like a butt, the table can look like this (when numerical values ​​can be adjusted).

The list can be continued, but you can not go ahead with all possible purchases. To that, a small supply of tension is shattered, wanting a trace of understanding that everything refurbished accessories do not work at once.

Pіdsumkovі vіdomostі pіdsumovuyutsya, ale z urakhuvannya stavlennya spozhivannya kіmnat. The results are recorded to the prepared table.

Hierarchy is created on the basis of roses electrical circuits apartments, not only darts are included in the yak, but they are selected according to the principle of selectivity zahisnі outbuildings, fit keruvannya, automatic.

For appointment strum advancement in the case of the skin group, calculations are carried out for formulas that point the little one. For single-phase 220 and three-phase 380 circuits, the stench is adjusted by a value of 1.732.

In these formulas, the index "P" indicates the intensity of electrical devices for the skin group with an elastic band of 220 or 380 volts

The coefficient of one-hour work "КІ" is approximately the upper part of the occupied fittings, and cos φ for such an approximate estimate can be equated to one: allowing for that there is no more active storage tightness. Inductive and єmnіsnym navantazhennyam, as well as transitional processes when turned on, we are not comfortable.

After the designation of the sizes of the strums, the next step is taken to the PUE table for the choice of material and the cut of the strum-conducting lived. The stench is to protect the mind of the exploitation, which creates additional cooling / heating of the metal.

The table for choosing wire and cable cores according to the size of the struma and tightness (to increase the pressure on the little ones):

It is completely imovirno, that the charges for the latency of the strum do not match the tabular values. In this case, choose more than two options for the magnitude of the value and choose according to the new limit.

Pardons montage

Pratsyyuchi s electric wires, except electricians allow serious violation of the basic rules:

metal lived often squeezing, shaking, shaking and nadrizi with a fitter's knife, as it is important to remember with an eye, but with the help of a stench, it can be shaved.

insulation is subject to abrasion during drawing, scratches or sony radiation.

Influx of sleepy replacements on polyvinylchloride insulation of electrical wires

Cables and darts of the building are practicable for a long time: ten years with pre-triman technology. Ale, on the sign below, it is shown that the sleepy radiation on the wire, which worked on the open air, without the same infection, for a total of 5 years. It is impossible to do such a thing with electrical appliances.

Finishing the article, I want to go back to getting to know the electricians and the troubles: to supplement the material with their recommendations practical work. Tse dopomozhe to the home master, who can get stuck in the replacement of the wiring at his apartment, as well as vikonate such a robot.