Technology for installation of attached electrical wiring. Installation of electrical wiring in the apartment
I love you, dear readers! We continue our knowledge of electricity. In this article, I will tell you what kind of electrical wiring is being laid.
Vzagali, vіdkritiy type of electrical wiring є the oldest and least foldable vikonannya. With this option, the wires are laid directly on the walls and steles (on their surfaces). Zvіdsi i vinikla called the type of wiring - vіdkrita, even if it is laid vіdkrito, right on the vіdkrit.
Methods for laying this type of wiring are the most anonymous and the oldest and simplest of them - laying on the surface (nailing flowers to a wooden wall or vicorist rollers-insulators).
This way is the simplest and oldest, but not aesthetic, even if the aesthetics of the place are destroyed, the shards from the opposite mirrors cannot be twisted. Dyakuvat God, in our days there are few ways to fix wiring without damaging the aesthetics of the place.
Ways of vikonannya
Let's look at the widest їх -. I wrote okremo about qiu article. Let's go over the top at once.
This method is less aesthetic, lower plinth and cable channel, with corrugated pipes it is much easier to turn around, and it is easier to install them.
Write comments, adding to the article, maybe I missed it. Take a look at, I'll be radium, as you can see on my website there is more. All the best.
Electrical wiring is to be installed on power lines and lighting, main lines and sub-bases. To speed up the process of installation of wire bundles of the same type, we prepare okremo from attachments.
Jgut - a bunch of darts, laid and tied between themselves, with tips for getting to the elements of the scheme or vice versa. At the jet, go straight ahead and turn the conductors with the streams of the industrial frequency from the yogo scheme. The conductor, which is victorious at high-frequency outbuildings, is not combined with jguti, so as with this, the capacity between conductors increases.
Jguti is prepared with a shell for fixing that screen, and also without a shell. Spend jgutіv skr_plyuyut bandage with bavovnyah threads, and for robotic circuits in the minds of increased temperature - glassy threads with far-flung bandage with wax or paraffin, and sometimes they skriplyuyut with varnish or glue. The husks can be tubular, stitched, dark-skinned and woven. Tubular shells can be soft and hard. For soft shells, chlorovinyl tubes are used, for hard ones - aluminium, which ensures safety with significant mechanical stresses. In addition, the stench of the functions of the electrical screening.
The preparation of the harness includes the following operations:
Preparation of wires for the type, filling and cutting;
Vіdrіzannya drotіv;
Laying the wires at the necessary time for the template;
Skrіplennya wired with a viscous or wrapping jacket, ringing and marking, ending wired and controlling the harness.
When installed in the middle of that ring, budvel and spores will illuminate and power electrical wiring with a voltage of up to 1000 V insulated wires different grades and pereraziv, as well as non-armored cables with gum insulation peretin up to 16 m2.
Wimogi before wiring:
1) in cases without promoted insecurity strikes electric jet droti due to roztashovuvatisya at a height of not less than 2 m, and in places with elevated or special insecurity - not less than 2.5 m in the case of pidlogs;
2) the darts are laid along the upper part of the wall on the 150-200 mm stand in front of the stele, and the darts up to the lamps glowing lighting- along the stele;
3) since the height of the place of residence does not allow the appearance of the appointment of roses, then the darts are laid at the pipes or attached to the walls of the place of residence. It is ordered not to expand on the descents of the wires to the lighting of the sockets at the premises without the safety of the electric jet.
Installation rules:
1) in one-piece (box of ABO tray), a closed channels of Budіvelno-region constructs, fenced by Spіlna Protdanna, Lantseugіv Avarian, Luncennya, Lantseugіv Oswellennya Ta Silovich, Unitviluvalny Lantseugіv Highlights up to 42 V Lantseugs;
2) dry ones water applications with fire-fighting structures, all types of wiring are allowed. In case of powdered, sirih, and especially sirih, it is not allowed to carry out on rollers;
3) in especially the six applications, and in the applications with a chemically active medium, it is not possible to lay darts near plastic pipes, under plaster and on rollers;
4) in case of fire-insecure applications, it is not allowed to lay darts at plastic pipes, on cables and with cable darts, on rollers, and in case of burning structures - under plaster and at vinyl plastic pipes;
5) have lived flexible wires and cables (including grounding) are connected to the core sheathing, braided or matted insulation. Isolation of wires and cables is due to rated voltage merezhі;
6) when choosing wires for electrical wiring, indemnify mechanical integrity. For example, for aluminum wires accepted the least cut for the introduction of up to spozhivachіv and conduction to electric chillers - 4 mm2, for wires on insulators, between them up to 6 m - 4 mm2, up to 12 m - 10, up to 25 m - 16 mm2;
7) in places where mechanical failure of electrical wiring is possible, wires are laid and cables are to be protected by sheathing or pipes, boxes, fences.
The installation of electrical wiring is carried out according to the design documentation, in the following designation of the brand of wires and cables, the place of installation of electrical control and lamps, starters and vimikayuchi equipment, the time of passage through the intersection or walls, the wiring route is thin.
Installation of electrical wiring prior to attacking operations:
1) markup;
2) installation of rollers, insulators, brackets;
3) punching through the furrows thinly;
4) laying darts;
5) picking up darts;
6) installation electrical installations, apartment shields, lamps toshcho;
7) termination of wires and connections to electrical supplies;
8) vikonannya vimiriv;
9) building for operation.
After the completion of the installation work, they select the entire wiring diagram, check the correctness of the order, re-test the selection of the wiring diagram and signalization. Wiring and testing of electrical wiring, checking by the personnel of the installation organizations during the installation process, as well as by the tax personnel without intermediary before commissioning, are drawn up by the relevant acts and protocols. Let's take a look at the order of the skin of the visceral operations. Rozmіtku vykonuyut to the cob vyrobnitstva plastering, farbuvalnyh and other ozdobluvalnyh robots. Under what circumstances is the insurance of maintenance and service of the wiring under the hour of operation for the maintenance of the rules of electricity fire safety.
The marking of the trace of the main axes of the placement of the electric power and the lamps is carried out in a stepwise manner: on the bottom or on the steel, put signs at the black smuga with a width of 10-12 mm and a length of 120-150 mm.
The rosette is spun after the help of tape measures, and the lines are beaten with a cord, frayed with blue or dry ocher. The stretched cord is pulled and released sharply to hit the surface. The place of roztashuvannya of the fortification details is marked by transverse risiks of the beaten line. The route for high-voltage electrical wiring can be parallel to the lines of building constructions.
When rozmіttsі vznachayut place rozmіschennya transitional boxes, fastening of electrical wiring, openings for wires, cables, pipes and niches for shields. After that, specify the dimensions of the electrical wiring elements and their configuration. At the harvesting workshop, it is possible to carry out wires for the skin trade of the trace before the natural windings.
Kіntsі wires and cables need to be prepared for z'єdnân, vіdgaluzhen and priєdnanny to obladnannya (luminaires): їх clear the vіd іїlyatsії, reverify the circuits z'єдна and mark the electrical wiring. Preparing electric wiring contractors to install gaskets at home with additional support.
In order to protect the darts from the mechanical pockets, open for them to pass through the cracks of wood or stone. internal walls budinki and inter-overhead overlappings (div. small) are laid in the railings of metal or insulating pipes.
Rice. Laying wires through the wall and inter-overlapping
The ends of the pipes are guilty of protruding 10 mm from the walls of that stele, and the upper end of the pipe, laid across the crest, is guilty of rising no less than 1.5 m above the bottom of the other on top.
Ends of pipes from both sides are decorated with porcelain or plastic bushings. They lay a tube of PVC or hard rubber with a diameter of about 15 mm and such a length, so that the ends protrude from the bushings by 10 mm. Potim krіz lay the pipe wire.
At the same time, that wiring is allowed to be used only in the middle of the wiring boxes. The traces are laid along the shortest width between the attachments that are connected, parallel and perpendicular to the walls, ceilings and columns, with a minimum number of turns, overlapping with technological communications and smallest number pink z'ednan pipes; filed in the form of technological possession, as it is subject to partial separations, in the field, unsafe for the service personnel, where it is possible to heat up to a temperature of over 60 degrees and mechanical and chemical damage; at places suitable for installation, maintenance and repair.
Trace the laying of plastic pipes and non-armoured cables on open structures and outdoor installations to select budvels, flyovers from direct sleepy exchanges with the protection of these elements. If straight pipe wiring and other electrical tethers avoid, it is recommended to overcome them with confusion, as it is permissible behind the minds of the sleeping pads, near the open channels, tunnels and on the flyovers.
The radii of the twisted pipes are not less than 10 outer diameters of the cable at temperatures up to -40 ° C, for areas with lower temperatures down to -50 ° C, the permissible radius of the outer pipes is to blame but not less than 20 outer diameters of the cable. With the total laying of technological pipes, electrical wiring behind the installed selected structures, the cables are laid out below the pipes.
Vіdstan mіzh ducts and pipelines with hot springs or gases can be buti: when parallel gasket- to the pipelines, which pass from either side, not less than 250 mm; when crossing - to the pipelines, which should pass under the boxes or from the sides, not less than 100 mm; above them - not less than 250 mm.
Apply a line of traces along the walls, columns, overlaps, then mark out the areas of fastening and installation of structures, which are to be trimmed, and those other elements of the trace, re-verify the correctness of the layout of the trace for the appropriateness of the project.
Yak intertopoverhovі overlap in zhitlovyh i civil life zastosovuyt rich hollow concrete panels. Empty panels are often recycled for laying their wiring. At the places, where it is necessary to conduct wires to the lamp, and for the yogo fastening on the lower version, punch through the passage. Open it up so that the stench fell in the center of the empty panel. For whom you need to be familiar with the dimensions of the structures, floating on the wall, the panels are standard. In case of a skin-smooth rash, it is necessary to first re-verify the lines on the panels, stagnant on given object, after which proceed to the mark.
Barrels for attached electrical wiring are to be punched at cast-iron, concrete and gypsum plaster building structures. Breaking through the furrows in concrete, as a rule, is unacceptable. To make a furrow with a width of 8 mm and a depth of 20 mm in a gypsum plaster, or in a hole, you can make a furrow, in which a working tool is a disk cutter - a steel disk with plates of hard alloy, raztoshovannymi radially at the visible teeth. The skin plate may have a posterior cut of 15 °. Before the work, proceed after vikonannya rozmіtki borozen, reverification of the correctness of the furrow, and testing the yogo robot and idle. When robotic, the handle is raised with the right hand. At the world, the filling of the lumber bar is being cleaned. The great transverse opening of the furrow is punched with an electric or pneumatic hammer or a manual perforator. To cut the furrow of the correct form, after the front marking, the furrow cutter marks the contour lines, and then punch the middle part with a hammer or a manual puncher.
Transmission of electrical energy from the dzherel її to rozpodіlny outbuildings that substations, as well as the sewerage of electrical energy, are built up with wires, buses and cables, so the sewerage systems of electricity are divided into electrical wiring, busbars (current lines), cable and winding lines.
Sukupnіst provodіv i kabelіv of krіplennyami scho pіdtrimuyut zahisnimi konstruktsіyami i details nazivayut electrical wiring, pristrіy, priznacheny for kanalіzatsії elektroenergії i scho skladaєtsya of tires rіznogo profіlyu, strіchok, bagatodrotyanih i odnodrotovih provodіv of usіma іzolyatorami i konstruktsіyami scho vіdnosyatsya to them - the rail.
The line for the transmission of electricity, which is made up of one or more cables, with spoluchnymi and end sleeves (bookmarks) and fixing parts, is called a cable, and an attachment for the transmission of that distribution of electricity through wires, we will put it on the armature with a crimped support with a heat exchanger attached to it engineering disputes, - red line(PL). Attachment and installation of submarines at the book are not looked at.
The current industrial installation of electrical wiring takes place in two stages: preparation of routes for laying wires and cables (1st stage) and laying wires and cables along the preparation routes (2nd stage).
At the first stage, the necessary preparation and procurement works are being carried out: cable lines; vykonannya passing through the cristal walls and inter-overhead crossings, bypassing technological pipelines and other crossings; fastening of supporting parts and structures, smug and shackle for laying wires, cables and grounding; installation of supporting parts for the opening boxes and the installation of external parts. At the same time, in the MEZ, they pick up cable structures into blocks, tray mains, assemble bench preparation of junctions of electrical wiring and complete lines, charge lamps and prepare peaceful winding cables.
Bench preparation of electrical wiring elements and complete lines - the main direct industrial installation of electrical installations. On technological lines, wires and cables are processed, and lines or elements of electrical wiring are assembled, as well as components are completed, or as a whole lines together with fittings, jigs, fastening parts, factory-made structures.
For the processing of wires and cables, the plants produce sets of mechanisms and attachments for technological lines, for example, processing lines and preparations for lighting electrical wiring KMO-6 and in. On the technological line KMO-6, the following assembly operations are carried out: straightening of wires; inspection of peaceful blanks of wires and inspection of finished blanks; stripping of insulation from wire ends and notching of flat wires; gortannya peace vіdrіzkіv dart near the bay; the establishment of contact cells; marking of workpieces;
arrival of blanks of darts to the contacts of fixtures; skruchuvannya kіntsiv lived drotu, reverification of the correctness of the folding of the scheme; z'ednannya twisted conductors of wires and insulation of the area of z'ednan.
The set of mechanisms KMO-6 includes a rewinding reel, an automatic machine for peaceful cutting and closing of insulation, a ring twisting mechanism, a twisting mechanism and an overstretching of wires, an installation for zvaryuvannya lived wires and a mounting steel.
Electrical wiring is the main most popular type electrical installation robots. Behind the method of vikonannya, electrical wiring is cut, which are laid along the surface of the walls, steles, along the trusses and other building elements, bud and spores, along the supports, and attachments, which are laid in the middle of the structural elements of the buds and spores (near the walls, under the foundations, foundations) and also, according to the crosses, at the bottom, without a middle, under the dark light, thinly.
When the electrical wiring is blocked different ways laying wires and cables: without a middle on the surface of the walls, beds, on strings, smugs, cables, insulators, rollers, near pipes, ducts, flexible metal sleeves, on trays, in electrical skirting boards and platbands, in a vilna pіdvіska thin.
The choice of the type of electrical wiring and the method of laying wires and cables are determined by the minds dovkilla, technical and economical heating, minds of electrical and fire safety, simplicity and reliability of operation. The largest width of the nabula was used for pipeless wiring (on trays and boxes, cables and others.), for industrial installation with frontal preparation and assembly of wiring on technological lines of the Mez. Let's take a look at the electrical wiring.
Electrical wiring on trays and boxes is wired using industrial methods. All kinds of details, for the help of which large blocks are taken from the eight sections of the trays, are supplied by factories. Most of the labor costs are carried out to the first stage of installation - the installation of supporting structures, laying and fixing trays on them, remaining at the tray main and grounding.
In order to avoid trouble during the general robots, the trays are installed according to the preparation of the route in the ready-made applications. Trasi rozm_chayut vіdpovіdno to rozmіrіv, appointed by the State Customs Union. The height of roztashuvannya trays and boxes is not standardized. When trays are installed on a height of less than 2 m, the servicemen will transfer the outbuildings, which protect the wires and cables from the mechanical failures. Electrical facilities that are serviced by personnel do not need designated attachments. Vіdstan between points of fastening of trays is not standardized (sound 1.6-2 m). Vіdstanі between bales of reinforced boxes and between supporting structures are not guilty of overhanging 3 m, so that one section will last.
According to the chosen route and vykonaniya rozmіttsі install for trays and boxes of supporting structures, cables podvіski thinly. n. Enlarge sections of boxes and trays are lifted up, laid on supporting structures and secured with seals, staples or suspended on cable slings.
At the same time, with the installation of blocks of sections and single sections, turn, turn, pidyomi, bypass the crossing and other transitional elements of highways for additional ready-made structures and details, as well as perforating mounting profiles and swag. The boxes are closed with special strips, which are included before the delivery kit. The laying of trays is similar. Okremi trays and tray mains can be roztashovuvat horizontally, vertically that is sick. At horizontal surfaces, they can be installed in a sprat of tiers (small 1). Perforated trays are laid by a few pieces in a row, so you need a wide top that you carry.
Rice. one.
Trays and boxes are also attached to load-bearing cables and cable carriers for additional cable extensions. To close the trays between themselves, zastosovuyut: for perforated - good coils on the bolts, and for zvarnyh - bolt that good plank. After the installation of the trays, electrical wiring is laid along the route, prepared in mains or directly on the site.
Sequentially, the following installation operations are carried out: pidyom, rozkochuvannya and laying of wires and cables on trays; layout and fastening on trays; fastening of harvested lines; arrival and delivery, prepared OKremo.
Z'ednannya that v_dgaluzhennya wires and cables at the trays vibrate at the boxes or special zatskachakh from the insulated sheath, yakі zhorstko zakriplyuyut. The rest of the operation during laying - marking the wires and cables on the cob and in the ends of the trays and boxes, at the turns of the route and the wiring, and also at the places of connection to the electrical installation.
Grounded trays and boxes are connected to the okremikh sections in the tray main, which is without interruption by an electric lance. The bottom sections of the trays and boxes are additionally welded (welded) not less than two places from the skin side. Main lines from trays and boxes come to the contour zahisnogo grounding at the ends of the line, not less than at the bottom, at two points, with a steel swirl of 40X4 mm. Skin care should be additionally grounded for example.
Cable electrical wiring (Fig. 2, a, b) is mounted with the highest stage of industrialization at two stages. Qi postings are cheap for іnshі and may be surrounded by a kіlkіst krіplen per unit of time. Electrical wiring cables are installed at the premises with any kind of middle core, choosing either cables or cables for that middle core.
Installation with cable wire APT is the most suitable for industrial installation, shards of wine can be removed between trioma or chotirma with wires with a high-power cable that you carry. 
Rice. 2. :
but - hot-eyed wiring, wired with APT wire, b - cable wiring options
All installation components and details necessary for the preparation of cable lines for installation are produced by leading factories. I will prepare the cable electrical wiring and folding at the sight of the completion of the assembly nodes on two technological lines: according to the sample rope(Drotu) That wiring harness. On these lines, I will prepare a load-bearing cable, strings, drawstrings, folding a block of terminal fastening, I will prepare a cable or a cable and fixing it to a cable, installing boxes and inserting into them a broken cable, a cable, calling and marking, closing a box.
Installation of cable electrical wiring, like that of others, is carried out in two stages. At the first stage in the maister, they prepare and collect electrical wiring, complete the anchor structures, tension and support attachments, and transport them to the installation site. Anchors and support structures, vertical slings, transverse and later tie-downs are installed on the assembly object, and the preparation of routes for lifelines is carried out.
Installation of prefabricated poles of cable wiring is laid in podvіstsі, reguluvannі strіl sagging and fixed twirl blanks at the first stage of installation of anchoring, tensioning and supporting outbuildings and podvіskah. A sagging arrow for a span of 6 m is recommended to take 100-150 mm, and a span of 12 m - 200-250 mm. This installation operation is carried out in two ways: front suspension and tension, and residual tension of the wiring by the tensioning device with the adjustment of the arrow sagging. After the residual tension of the load-bearing cable and the adjustment of the arrows, sagging with tension couplings or anchor bolts, ground the cable and all metal parts, connecting the line to the lifeline and re-checking for a light effect. Carrying cables are grounded at two points on the ends of the line. On the lines with a zero drotom, the grounding is to be attached to the carrier cable up to zero dart bellows with a copper jumper with a peretina of 2.5 mm2, on the lines with insulated neutral- attaching the cable, which you carry, to the busbar connected to the ground loop.
The metal parts of all elements of the cable wiring, which do not wash or galvanize, as well as the bare cable pits and anchorage attachments at the sites of their dotika, should be coated with technical vaseline. Metal shackles and shackles for fixing wires and cables of a faulty mother covered against corrosion and soft gaskets with presspan, glassine, roofing felt, so that the z-pid shackle protrudes by 1.5-2 mm evenly from both sides.
Vіdgaluzhennya to lamps and іnshih elektropryymachіv vykonuyat v_dgaluzhuvalnih plastic boxes.
(with non-intermediately fixed wires and cables to the cable) and in a plastic case for additional iron grips (when wires are fixed on pedestals).
Wiring in steel pipes ah zastosovuyt at vnutrishnyotsehovyh merezhah, ignoring the global trend of wide deployment of pipeless wiring and replacements of steel pipes, - light steel pipes (the thickness of the walls is 15-20% less, lower for large water and gas pipes), thin-walled electrical and polymer pipes.
In advance, the preparation of pipes and the selection of pipe blocks should be carried out at the Mez, centrally for all installation objects for the windows or chairs of the working project and pipe magazines. Frontal preparation of pipes using progressive and industrial installation methods.
Vikonuyuchi elements carried out for the sketches of the previous vimiriv, special zamіrniki after completion weekly work determine the actual rozmіri of the route of electrical wiring and establish the necessary sketches. In an expanded way - wiring electrical wiring in steel pipes by way of laying pipelines from normalized elements, which are supplied by factories.
Installation of electrical wiring at pipes is carried out at two stages: preparing the route and laying pipes at the first stage, tightening the rods into the pipes and bending them at the next stage. The laying of pipes can be laid and at another stage, after the completion of the budding and maintenance work.
The steel and other trumpets, the gaskets are attached, the bellies are responsible for the trumpet magazine and armchairs, and they are issued with an act on the attachment of robots. Omissions of okremy pipes or pardons at the choice of their diameters when attaching gaskets are unacceptable.
When rozmіttsі piping routes, they are to be appointed in the working chairs of the project for their direct length, binding to technological axes and complete outbuildings, the place of installation of broaching boxes and drawers; Exit pipes to electrical supplies are specified at home.
The marking is fixed in line with the installation of the PUE normative lines between the pipe fixing points, the radii of their bend and other dimensions. The fastening of steel pipes is vibrated: with a diameter of 15-20 mm - after 2.5 m; 25-32 mm - after 3 m; 40-80 mm - after 3.5-4 m, and on the windings - after 150-200 mm at the turn. Vіdstan vіd piping scorched and hot water supply with parallel laying buti is not less than 100 mm, and with bridles - 50 mm at the light.
When bending pipes, it is allowed to normalize the cut and turn 90, 105, 120, 135 and 150 0 and bend radius 200, 400 and 800 mm. The smallest allowable radius of the pipe with a diameter of 50 mm for the laying of pipes - chotyrirazovy outer diameter trumpet.
I prepare and make pipes, as well as folding them at pipe blocks, vibrating on technological lines at mains, after the installation area. All pipework operations are carried out on them: straightening, cleaning from scaling and corrosion, rinsing and drying, cutting at peaceful preparations and cutting of pipes, rolling and rolling, cutting, folding, folding in bags and blocks.
Water and gas pipelines with pipe grooves on the ends are connected between themselves with couplings on the grooves, and thin-walled pipes - with couplings with knurled grooves.
Harvested in mains, the elements of pipe wiring are transported to the installation site and laid by a prepared route. Steel pipelines are laid without intermediary on a daily basis or on supporting structures of a different vikonann. The supporting structures are installed in the same plane of the marking line. Two extreme structures are mounted on the back of the head on the wiring route, either side of the railing, and between them, pull the lace or drіt, after which, on equal walls, on the same level, other structures are installed in the same plane. Fasten the structures on a 50-100 mm wide wall to the surface, which makes it easier to lay pipes on uneven walls and walls, as well as to introduce pipes into boxes and boxes. To the supporting structures, the pipes are attached with shackles with paws, clamps, overlays and other factory-made details (Fig. 3 a-i). Electrical attachment is not allowed.
The laying of pipes in the furrows was nailed to “freeze” with alabaster coating from the advancing coatings with plaster coating. Steel trumpets zastosovuyt for zahistu drotіv vіd mekhanіchnyh podshkodzhenya, as well as for zahistu _izoljatsiї and darts vіd ruynuvannya sredovischennym prishkodzhennya. In the first case, pipelines made of steel pipes are allowed to be leaky (unstrengthened), in the other case, they are only hermetic, moisture-proof and non-permeable. 
Rice. 3. :
a, b, c - insole support structures with a fold, perforated swag and on pedestals;
The tightness of the pipeline is reached by the narrowing of the place of connecting pipes between themselves and the place of their arrival to the devices and fittings.
Relatively reverberate vykonannannya when folded and z'ednanny pipes and їх entered into boxes and boxes. Wimogi up to the step of strengthening the pipelines in є raznimi. So, in case of vibrationally unsafe medium, the pipelines can be secure enough, so that the vitrimat is installed by the norms of their testing by moving the pressure, and in the case of the use of Syrian and chemically active medium, it is necessary to protect the penetration of the entire medium Zvichaynі non-strengthened pipelines protect dross due to the possibility of mechanical failures and direct hit on them by water.
Mіstsya z'єdnannya piping strengthen podmotuvannyam on razblennya spun'yanogo fiber, seeped red lead or white, grated on drying oil. When vikoristanny steel pipes as grounding conductors are responsible for ensuring safety electric lansyug and supra-contact of the pipes with each other, which can be reached by the tightening of the closing couplings and the welding of the pipe sticks from the skin side at two points.
Plastic pipes, like steel, are harvested on technological lines at mains. Pipes in the passage through the walls and overlaps are laid at special sleeves - steel, gum, plastic. Z'ednannya pipes at tsikh sleeves are not allowed. The inner diameter of the liner is to be 5-10 mm larger than the original diameter of the pipe, and the edges of the liner protrude by 10-20 mm beyond the walls and other building structures.
When choosing routes for laying vinyl-plastic pipes, parallel to the pipes of scorching and hot water supply, they are trimmed between them at least 100 mm in the light and laid below the hot pipes. Viniplast pipes are laid at lithium viniplast couplings or couplings with rose pipes. Stand between the fixing points of polymer pipes with a diameter of 15 mm - 1 m, 20 mm - 1.4 m, 25 mm - 1.8 m, etc.
Vinyl plastic pipes can be used for hard-wiring and bonded laying of electrical wiring on inflammable and critically flammable surfaces and structures in the middle of that ring (for vibrating non-safe installations). They are laid at temperatures from 60 to - 20 ° C and are laid on versts after heating up to 130 ° C, and then glued and behind an additional socket on the ends of one of the pipes that are mounted.
To the devices and boxes of vinyl plastic pipes, attach with special couplings. Trumpet change your dozhina when heated and cooled, so fasten them to the supports so that the crumbling supports are drawn from the unruly ones. Special boxes are installed on PVC pipes insulation material abo plastic and metal boxes of charred recognition.
The wire at the pipe is tightened with a steel rod with a diameter of 1.5-2 mm for the help of special mechanisms and attachments. Z'єdnannya that vіdgaluzhennya provіv vykonuyut less at the boxes. Bushings are installed on the ends of the pipes when they are introduced into the apparatus and boxes, so as not to damage the sheathing of wires and cables. After the laying of wires and cables, they are supported by a megaohmmeter of 1000 V.
In praktitsі elektromontazhnih robіt wide poshirennya Nabeul beztrubnі prihovanі electrical wiring, scho vikonuyutsya wires APPZS i reclosure of prokladannyam їh bezposeredno in tovschі budіvelnih konstruktsіy: in gіpsolіtovih, concrete partitions, pid plaster in cavities i channels perekrittіv stіn i, s zamonolіchuvannyam in budіvelnі konstruktsії. at the factories of concrete castings
Attached laying of wires is to be laid, dotrimuyuchis advancing vimog: conduct in thin-walled partitions up to 80 mm, or under the plaster ball, lay parallel to the architectural and budding lines; between horizontally laid wires and overlapping plates, it is not necessary to overhang 150 mm; in emergency constructions with a thickness of over 80 mm, the darts are laid with the shortest routes.
In the premises of the stone houses, as well as in the large-block houses with partitions, made from slabs of small rosemaries, the attachment of electrical wiring with flat wires should be fixed as follows: in the stone walls and cinder-concrete plastered walls - without a middle under the plaster ball; at the walls of the great concrete blocks - at the seams between the blocks, and the okrem - at the gates; at gypsum-concrete partitions with okremih slabs - at furrows, at overlappings from selected rich hollow slabs - at the voids of slabs or at non-metal pipes laid on top of the overlapping slabs at the preparation of pidlogs.
Before the installation of electrical wiring, proceed after the completion of the work and the work of laying the clean line.
Technological operations for installation attaching electrical wiring wink at the singing sequence. On the back, they mark the route of the electrical wiring, the place of installation of the wiring boxes under the vimikachi that socket outlets, after the design of the shields, lamps, vimikachi and plug sockets. Dali rozmіchayut traces laying wires. Flat darts in a horizontal straight line are laid on a 100-150 mm window in front of a stele or 50-100 mm in front of a beam or a cornice. The conductor can be laid in the gap between the partition and the overlap or the beam. The lines to the socket outlets are laid at the height of the installation (800 or 300 mm for underlays) or in the kutka between the partition and the top of the overlap plate. Descents and descents to vimikachiv, svetilnikov vykonuyut vertically. The mark of the place of installation of the lamps is fixed in the same way before the mark. postcritical postings flat darts.
Butt vykonannya electrical wiring at the channels of the large-panel administrative life;
1 - overlapping panel; 2 - wall panel; 3 - channels for wires; 4 - niche of the lighting shield; 5 - niche for low-voltage outbuildings; 6- embedment in the panel for wire entry
Open in the concrete and crush the electricity with a pneumatic tool. At gypsum concrete partitions that whole walls furrows are prepared by the MVB-2MU1 mechanism. Punch robots and hammers are hammered into concrete with pneumatic ruble hammers, and drilling and drilling boxes, plug sockets and vimikachi - with KGS crowns.
Harvesting of peaceful air darts of flat darts should be carried out without interruption at the installation site. On the tips of the darts, a rose is seen on the bottom of the windlass 75 mm, and in the vines - 40-60 mm. At three-core wires after a swipe of spitting in the places of the vine, one vein should be brought in a loop in the middle of the kut. Tsvyakhami hosted you can't cry. The fastening of the wires is made to “freeze” with alabaster design, plastic staples, bavovnyanoy line. They gave darts to enter at the box, to slacken the s'dnannya, to inspect and isolate them.
When laying wires and cables near the channels of selected budding structures, it is not necessary to carry out the route and installation of the fittings. Before tightening the darts with a caliber, the applicability of the channels is checked. The diameter of the gauge can be not less than 0.9 of the design diameter of the channel. With special respect, they turn to the presence of the onset and the most beautiful facets at the places of obtaining everyday elements of life. Let's reshape the camp of the happy ones of the sudis wall panels. Nishu vykonuyut napіvgloї form with a radius of 70 mm, nests for electrical installations - with a taper diameter of 72-74 mm when installed without boxes and 85 mm - with boxes. Tightening the wires at the channel is vibrated in the fitting to the boxes and niches. Zusillya tightening can be overdrawn 20 N per 1 mm 2 of the total overcut of the cores. With a channel diameter of 20 mm, up to five wires can be tightened, with a diameter of 25 mm - up to eight wires with a cross section of up to 2.5 mm2. With a small number of wires and a small length of straight channels, the tightening is done manually, with a large number - with a steel rod, tightened in front of the channel, or attached.
The butt of the installation of electrical wiring near the channels is shown in fig.
