Municipal budgetary lighting installation

"Vasylivska main school of lighting"

INSTRUCTION

v. Vasilievskiy

"22" fierce 2017 rock number 25

About assigning a group I for electrical safety of non-electrical personnel

Vіdpovіdno up to point 1.4.4. Rules technical operation electrical installations approved by order of the Ministry of Energy Russian Federation dated September 13, 2003 No. 6 with the method of ensuring the safety of non-electrical personnel, International Rules for the protection of practice (safety rules), approved by the decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated September 05, 2001. No. 3 and by order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation on December 27, 2000 No. 163

PUNISH:

1. Assign a voucher for the briefing and assignment to the staff of the Municipal Budgetary Illumination Mortgage "Vasylivska Basic Illumination School" (hereinafter - the organization of illumination) of the groupIfrom the electrical safety of the specialist of the Department of Education, Youth Policy, physical culture and sports administration of the Verkhovskiy district /ПІБ/ (weather permitting) –IVgroup z electrical safety.

2. Appoint as deputy deputy for the electric state lighting organization head of state /PIB/.

3. Solidify:

program of briefing for assignmentIgroups of electrical safety for non-electrical personnel (Appendix 1);

perelіk posad, scho to lay down to non-electric staff with a groupI(Appendix 2).

4. Carry out the assignmentIgroups with electrical safety in the way of carrying out instruction, which is the next step to complete the re-verification of knowledge in the form of oral training and, for the necessary re-verification, the acquired knowledge of beginners of safe methods of work and first aid in case of injury electric jet.

5. Register the assignment of group I for electrical safety in the journal assignment of group I for electrical safety to non-electrical personnel when hiring practitioners for work and work (Appendix 3). A report about the re-verification of knowledge of group I is not issued.

6. Know /ПІБ/ with the order of the practitioners of the lighting organization under the signature.

7. I deprive myself of control over vikonannyam.

Director O.O. Semiokhin

By order of knowledge(s):

"____" ____________2017 date ________________ /ПІБ/

"____" ____________2017 date ________________ /ПІБ/

"____" ____________2017 date ________________ /ПІБ/

"____" ____________2017 date ________________ /ПІБ/

"____" ____________2017 date ________________ /ПІБ/

"____" ____________2017 date ________________ /ПІБ/

"____" ____________2017 date ________________ /ПІБ/

Addendum 1

to the order of MBOU "Vasylivska

main lighting

dated February 22, 2017 No. 25

Program

conducting a briefing of a non-electrical

personnel for group I from electrical safety

The program is recognized for the training of the staff of the Municipal Budgetary Regional Lighting Institute "Vasilyevsky Main Regional Lighting School" (further - lighting organization) on the basic provisions of how to enter the safety when vikoristannі elektroobdnannya or turn on the electricity20, just turn on20.

1. Zagalni vіdomostі:

– information about electric strum,

Diya electric strumu per person,

In some vipads, people may be injured by an electric jet,

2. See the injection of an electric stream on the human body:

Teplov,

Svіtlov,

Chemical,

Mechanical,

Biological,

Electric shock.

3. The fallout of the step and the depth of the damage by the electrostrum:

View sili struma,

I'll become a host,

4. Techniques to enter the defense against the shock of the electrostrum:

Self-repair technical service electric state,

In my own time I will test the insulation of electrical wires,

Grounding (zeroing) electrical installation,

Self-testing grounding,

Zastosuvannya only tried and tested sobіv zahistu,

Zastosuvannya fencing strumoveduchih parts and unsafe areas.

5. Organizations enter the defense against the electric shock:

Training and briefing of non-electrical personnel on electrical safety,

Appointment of a major fault for the electric state,

Maintenance of the electric state by personnel trained and certified by Rostechnaglyad.

6. Dії z nadannya first help people under the hour of injury by electric jet

Ways of sounding people in the air to the electrostrum:

Nadannya to the injured first medical help.

7. Vidpovіdalnіst damage vmog elektrobepeke.

8. Familiarization of the practitioner with instructions for burying work for the assignment of 1st group of electrical safety for non-electrical personnel IVT-01-2012

Director of the lighting organization O.O. Semiokhin

Vіdpovіdalny for elektrogospodarstvo /ПІБ/

Defender of the Supreme Power for the Electricity State /ПІБ/

INSTRUCTION

Diya electric struma per person

I will especially inject an electric stream on a person and make him invisible. Tsya osoblivіst obumovlyuє that factor, that practically all robochi and non-working mіstsya, de є elektroobladnannya (portable elektropriymachi) under pressure, vvazhayutsya unsafe. In such a skin area, it is impossible to take into account the switched-on problem of injuring a person with an electric jet. You can pour an electric stream on a person, as well as an electric arc (bliskavka), static electricity, an electromagnetic field.

The body of a person is a conductor of an electric strum, and a strum flowing through the body, may have a different influx on various organs, and the central nervous system.

The most important mental injury of a person with an electric strum is the way of that strum. If the path of the strum is affected by life important organs (heart, legenia, brain), then the danger of a fatal blow is even greater. її decline sharply.

Strum pierces only in a closed lance. To that, the place can be like the entrance point (dilyanka) of the body, so it is the exit point of the electric stream. Possible ways strumu in the body of a person of an indistinguishable number. Prote characteristic vvazhatimutsya like this:

Hand - hand;

Hand leg;

Leg - leg;

Head - hand;

Head - leg.

The most unsafe are the loops "head - arm" and "head - leg", if the strum can pass not only through the heart, but also through the head and spinal cord.

Passing through the body of a person, an electric stream can vibrate thermal, electrical, mechanical, biological air:

The thermal strum is manifested in the pits of the body, heated to high temperatures of blood-bearing vessels, blood, nerve tissue, heart, brain and other organs that are on the strum route, causing serious functional disorders;

The electrolytic strum is seen in the spread of the organic motherland, including the blood, which is accompanied by significant damage to its physical and chemical warehouse;

The mechanical (dynamic) injection of the struma is manifested in the venous pressure in the blood vessels and tissues of the body when the blood and other tissues are heated, as well as the displacement of the mechanical tension of the tissues as a result of the mimotile contraction of the tissues and the injection of electrodynamic forces;

Biological strumu is manifested in irritated and awakened living tissues of the body, as well as in damaged internal bioelectrical processes that proceed normally orderly organism.
The electric stream, passing through the body, drapes living tissues, vibrating in them a reaction in the mind - awakening. As the strum passes without interruption through the m'yazovu tissue, the awakening is manifested in the seemingly mimicry speed of the m'yaziv. Such a direction is called a straight line. However, the diya struma can be not only direct, but also reflex, tobto. through the central nervous system.

In this case, when passing through the body of a human struma, the central nervous system can give an inadequate command to cause serious damage to the life of important organs, including hearts and legenivs.

In living tissue (in meats, hearts, legenia), as well as in the central and peripheral nervous systems, electrical potentials (biopotentials) are constantly blamed. The outer strum, which, in conjunction with the biostrums, can destroy the normal character of the spleen on the tissues of the human body, strangle the biostrum and cause serious discord in the body right up to its death. The versatility of an electric shock on the body can lead to various electrical injuries. Mentally, all electrical injuries can be subdivided into mіstsevі and zagalnі.
Before mіstsevih electrical injuries one can see mіstsevі ushkodzhennya organіznі or clearly vіrazhenі mіstsevі prаshennia tsіlinostі tіlіsі tіla, including іstkovіh tіkanіn, prichinenі vplivі elektricі strumu аbo elektricі ї arc.

Before the most characteristic mіstsevih traumas lie electrical opiki, electrical signs, metalization of the shkіri, mechanical damage and electrophthalmia.

Electrical opik (pokrivny) vinikaє, as a rule, in electrical installations up to 1000 V. high voltage vinikaє electric arc chi іskra, scho vyklikає arc electric opіk.

The electric arc causes great dangers of the human body. With this injury, an important character can often end in the death of the victim.

Electrical signs in the stream are sharply lined with gray or pale-yellow colors of round or oval shape on the surface of the human body.

Metallization of the shkiri - penetration at the upper balls of the shkiri of particles of metal, which melted under the action of the electric arc. Such falls trapleyutsya at short hums, turning on the knife switches in the presence of tensions With this breeze of metal, which melts, under the influence of dynamic forces and heat flow, which winickles, spread on all sides with great swedishness, strikingly sound the parts of the body - guise, hands.

The plot of the shkіri is damaged, and the surface is short. Suffered in the presence of an injured spacer in the presence of a third-party body. Mechanical ushkodzhennya є naslіkі rіzkіh mimilіnіh sudomnіh soon m'yazіv pіd ієyu strumu, scho to go through the body of a person. As a result, tendon, shkiri, blood-bearing vessels and nerve tissue may develop. They can also be displaced suglobiv, and bring on fractures of the bones. Electric ophthalmia causes the flow of ultraviolet changes (electrical arcs) to the shell of the eyes, as a result of which the shell is ignited. Electrophthalmia develops in 4-8 years after prominence. At the same time, reddening and sore skins are exposed and the mucous membranes of the eyes, tearing, purulent vision of the eyes, spasms of the eyes, spasms of the eyes, and chastkovy vtrata zoru. The victim is the head of the bіl that sharp bіl in the eyes that look at the light. In severe depressions, the transparency of the cornea is destroyed.
The advance of electrophthalmia during the service hours of electrical installations is ensured by blocking of the eyepieces or shields from the extreme slope. Depending on the result of the injection of strum on the body of a person, electric shocks can be divided into five stages:

I - vessel, ledve obviously short-lived m'yaziv;

I I - the vessel is short-lived, which is accompanied by severe pain, without wasting information;

III - the ship's speedy m'yazіv z vtratoyu svіdomosti, ale z dihannyam, who were saved, and the work of the heart;

IV - loss of information and damage to the heart activity and breathing;

V - the soundness of the breath and the sound of the heart's heart.

An electric shock can cause a person to death, but it also causes such discord in the body, as it can manifest itself in a few years or days (the appearance of arrhythmia of the heart, angina pectoris, rozsіyannosti, weakened memory and respect).

There are two main stages of death: clinical and biological death.

Clinical death (raptova death) is a short period of transition between life and death, which comes from the attachment of the heart and lungs. In a person who is living at the camp of clinical death, all the signs of life are daily: breathless, heart does not work, painful teasing does not call out the reaction of the body, the eyes widen sharply and do not react to the light. However, in the whole period of life, the organism did not completely die out, because. fabrics and fabrics do not immediately fall into decay, and life is saved. The first to repair the bends are already sensitive to the sour starvation of the cells of the brain. After a certain hour (4-6 hours), there is a multiple breakdown of the brain cells, which leads to irrevocable ruins and practically turns off the possibility of a trophy to the body. However, even before the end of this period, the victim will be given first medical help, then the development of death can be taken to save the life of a person.

Biological death is an irreversible phenomenon, as it is characterized by biological processes in the cells and tissues of the body and the breakdown of protein structures. Biological death comes after the end of clinical death (7-8 years)

Causes of death from an electric shock can be: attached robotic heart, breath and electric shock. Having injected the struma onto the heart, it can be direct, if the struma passes without a middle through the region of the heart, and reflex, then through the central nervous system. In both vibrations, there may be a heartbeat or some fibrillation. Fibrillation of the heart is a chaotically random movement of the fibers of the heart meat, in which the heart is unable to drive blood through the vessels. The breath sounds in the wake of an uninterrupted inflow of strum on the m'yazi of the chest, which is in the process of breathing.

Electric shock is a kind of important neuro-reflex reaction to the body in a superficial teasing with an electric stream, which is accompanied by deep disorders of the blood circulation, breathing, and exchange of speech. In case of sudden spitting of an electric stream, the injured person has a short-hour phase of awakening, if the wine reacts sharply to the pain that bleeds, a blood pressure is coming from the new one. After that, the phase of galvanization and dismantling begins nervous system, if the blood pressure is sharply reduced, the pulse becomes more frequent, the breath becomes weaker, causing depression. Shock mill trivaє vіd kіlkoh desyatkіv khvilin to doby. After that, either the death of a person or a woman may come, as an aftermath of an active jubilant vtruchannya.

2. Krokova voltage

Krokov's voltage is connected to the outlets of the electric jet on the surface of the earth at different single-phase flicker to the ground the wire of the submarine is thin.

If a person is standing on the surface of the earth in the zone of the outlet of an electric jet, then there is a voltage on the top of the line, and an electric jet passes through this body. The value of the voltage, called the crock, is to lie in the width of the crop and the space of the people's growth. Chim closer people stand until the month of zamikannya, tim larger value crock tension.

The value of the unsafe zone of the critical voltage is determined by the value of the electrical voltage. As the voltage of the submarine, the more unsafe zone fit in. It is important that at a distance of 8 m there is an electric shock at a voltage of 1000 V, the short-circuit voltage zone is not safe during the day. When the voltage of the electric wire is lower than 1000, the value of the crock voltage zone becomes 5 m.

In order to escape the electric shock, the person is guilty of leaving the zone of crock tension in short crochets, not piercing one leg out of the way.

For the obviousness of the deficiencies from the dielectric humi (boots, galoshes), you can speed them up to get out of the zone of the crock voltage.

It is not allowed to show from the zone of the crock voltage on one leg.
At the time of the fall of a person (on the hands), the magnitude of the blood pressure is significantly increased, also, the magnitude of the struma, which passes through the body and life of important organs - the heart, legs, head brain.

3. Come in special electrical safety

Under the hour of work, follow the following rules for electrical safety:
- increase the electrical power by inserting the right plug at the right socket;

Do not transfer electrical power to persons, as if you have the right to practice with him;

As soon as an hour of work, a malfunction of the electrical system appears, or the work is to blame, but it is negligently pinned that the malfunction of the possession may be put in place for re-verification and repair;

Turn on the electric power when interrupted in the robot and after the completion of the work process;

Before skin zastosuvannya zahistu pratsіvnik goiter perevіrit yoga spravnіst, vіdsutnіst zvnіshnіh ushkodzhenі, stinks can be clean, dry, s by the term attachment (behind the stamp on the new one);

Do not step on laying, earth electric darts and cables for timing wiring;

Slowly beat the vimogi posters and signs of safety.

4. First help for the victims of electrostrum

One of the most important provisions of the first aid is terminology. I will help that person at any time, if I can and can give it to the one who is rebuking the order from the sufferer.

The sequence of the first help:

Zvіlniti vіd dії elektrichego strumu and evaluate the camp of the victim;
- determine the nature and severity of the injury, the greatest threat to the life of the victim, and the sequence of entry into another order;

Vikonati need to come in to order the victim in order wild ways, carry out a piece of breathing, a heart massage, etc.), for the presence of a pulse on the carotid artery, follow a blow with a fist on the sternum and proceed to resuscitation;

I will call for a medical help, either a doctor, or a visit to transport the victim to the nearest likuval mortgage;

Support the main life functions the victim before the arrival of a medical practitioner.

The sound of an injured electric stream is connected by a way to turn on a part of the installation, which causes suffering. If it is impossible to turn on the installation, then in order to remove the injured part of the strum-conducting parts, or the dart should be speeded up with the help of a fence, a rope, a club, a doshka, or another dry object, so as not to conduct an electric strum. It is possible to pull the victim by the clothes (dry), uniquely with this dotik to the most metal objects and parts of the body that were not covered with clothes.
For the isolation of hands, we must help to put on dielectric mittens, or wrap your hands with dry clothes. You can also tell yourself, having stood on a gum kilimok, a dry doshka, or be it so that you don’t conduct an electric strum, paddle, clothes and that. In case of injured sight of the strum parts, it is recommended to use one hand.

As an electric strum passes through the injured person into the ground, and convulsively squeezes the strum-guiding element in the hands, you can interrupt the strum, resurrecting the injured person from the ground (stretch the robe, put a dry object on the victim).

After the sound of the injured in the air of the electric strumu, the next step is to evaluate the yogo camp.

Signs of I will become a victim:

Svіdomіst (clear, broken, vіdsutnya);

The color of the fur coats (erysipelas, bluish, bluish);

Dihannia (normal, broken, daily);

Pulse (good, bad, daily);

Zіnitsi (high, wide).

If the victim’s eyes are clear, breathless, pulse, cyanotic skin, eyes widened, then you can take it so that you are in the camp of clinical (raptov) death. In case of any need, it is necessary to call in resuscitation and provide a call to the doctor (Swedish assistance).
As if you were patient at the bridge, but before that, at the unfamiliar camp, lay it on dry objects, unzip your robes, create a tide fresh air, Keep the body warm in cold weather, or protect the cold on a hot day, create new calmness, uninterruptedly watch for the pulse and breath, call the doctor.
As if the patient is resting at an unfamiliar camp, it is necessary to guard for this respiratory distress, and to ensure that the resuscitation visits are taken care of.

In case of a glare attack, one can hope for the same help as in the case of an electric blast.

If the camp of the victim does not allow him to be transported, it is necessary to give help.

Biggest in an efficient way piece-by-piece breathing - the method "from company to mouth" or "from company to nis".

To carry out a piece of breathing, lay the injured child on his back, untie his clothes, which squeeze the breath.

After that, it helps to roztashovuetsya sideways in front of the head of the victim, throwing his head (putting his hand under his hand) and carrying out a piece of mouth-to-mouth breathing (with the victim’s nose closed).
If the victim has a good pulse and it is necessary to breathe more than a piece, then the interval between breaths is to become 5 s (12 dyhal cycles per whilina).

At the time of the day, not only gasp, but the pulse, sing a row of 2 pieces in the breath and proceed to the heart massage.

To help, I hope one person is standing on the side of the victim, with one hand on the lower half of the sternum (stepping on two fingers above the lower edge), fingers lifted. I put my other hand on top of the first one across, or I push and push, helping my frail body. The hands, when pressed, may be straightened at the elbows.
The onset of the next is carried out with swedish stitches, so that the sternum is not less than 3-4 cm thick, the treadiness of the onslaught is not more than 0.5 s, the interval between the onsets is 0.5 s.

If you want to carry out one person, then two skin injections of veins viroblya 15 push on the sternum. For the participation in the resuscitation of two special spivvіdnoshennia "breathing - massage" become 2:5.

For the presence of the injured pulse on the carotid artery, one can recognize the work of the heart by hitting the sternum with a fist, and one’s hand can be bent at a 90° angle. Before hitting the victim, it is necessary to break the chest into the cloak, loosen the waist belt, cover the sword-like windrow with two fingers and give a blow to the chest more than once. It is not possible to strike at the sword-like windrow or at the clavicle area.

After that, as it was inspired by the heart's activity, the massage of the heart can be negligently pinned, but with a weak breath of the injured piece, the breath is trivay. With the introduction of a full-fledged independent breathing, the piecework breathing is also attached.

Even though the heart's activity has become more self-reliant, but the resuscitation comes in efficiently, you can only blame them for the transfer of the injured to the medical practitioner.

Resuscitation may come in, if the victim shows signs of biological death:

Hanging the horns of the eye (appearance of the sedentary glare);

Deformation of the chin with the protective squeezing of the apple with the fingers;

The appearance of dead bodies.

When given help, the victim cannot stick around with the hands of the scorched shkiri, or smear them with ointments, mastils, stick with baking soda, starch thinly. It is not possible to open the optics of the bulbs of the shkiri, to see the mastic, the rosin, or the other resinous speech, which stuck to the singed mass.
When the first step is small beyond the area, it is necessary to put a sterile bandage on the scorched deck of the shkir. As if the clothes were stuck to the scorched litter of shkir, over them they next put a sterile bandage and send the victim to the likuvalny mortgage.
In case of important and great fears of the victim, it is necessary to lighten up in a clean stretch or cloth, without loosening yoga, warmly open and create a calm until the healer arrives.
The burnt person should be covered with sterile gauze.

In the case of eyelids, it is necessary to use cold lotions from a variety of boric acid and to direct the victim to the doctor.

5. Features of the operation of portable electric pickups

A portable electrical receiver is an electrical receiver, which can be moved manually until the month of zastosuvannya for recognition, and the connection to the lifeline can be connected to an additional cord, cord, portable wires and time sockets or other choice of contacts.
To portable electric machines one can see:

Portable electrical appliances at industrial installations (electrical cooking installations, electric pumps, electric fans, electric furnaces, electric compressors, distribution transformers and other additional equipment);

Use portable power supplies ( cleaning machines, refrigerators, electric heaters, sawmills, electric kettles, etc.);

Manual electric machines and electric tools (electric drills, electric hammers, electric planes, electric saws, grinders, electric soldering irons);

Manual electric lamps (lamps with heating lamps, fluorescent lamps, lamps in fire-safe areas, lamps in vibro-hazardous areas only).
Portable electric appliances, like electrical engineering products, comply with GOST 12.2.007.0-75 Standard systems for safety of work “Electrical engineering products. Zagalni vimogi security” according to the method of zahistu, people in the presence of an electric shock are divided into five classes of zahistu: 0; 01; I; II; III.

Up to class 0, it is possible to see the pipes that can accept the main (working) insulation and not the elements for grounding, because the pipes are not allowed to class II or III.

Up to class 01, it can be seen that it is possible to use the main (working) insulation, an element for grounding and a wire without grounding lived for access to the living room.

Up to class I, it can be seen that the main (working) insulation and the element for grounding can be used. In the case of a vipadku, yakscho virib class I may be wired to get to the dzherel zhivlennya, this wire is responsible for the mother earthing core and the plug with a grounding contact.

Up to class II, it is possible to see the bases, which can be used for underwire or for reinforced insulation, and not for elements for grounding.

Up to class III, there are varieties, yakі do not muffle neither internal nor external. electric lancers with a strain not higher than 42 tbsp.

Fallow in the category of accommodation for a level of insecurity of people with an electric jet, portable electrical receivers can live directly in the middle, or through razdilov or step-down transformers.

Metal housings and portable power supplies 50 V snake struma and higher 120 V fast strumu at the receptions promoted by unsafe, especially unsafe ones in modern installations are to be grounded behind a wink of electrical receivers with hanging insulation, or to live in different transformers.

Electric tools, hand-held electric machines (EI, REM) comply with GOST 12.2.013.0-91 system of safety standards for work “Electric hand-held machines. Zagalnі vymogi bezpeka that methodi vyprobvan' that after the type of zakhistu vіd razhennya electric strum stench subdivided into virobi І, ІІ or ІІІ class zakhistu.

Before working with portable power tools and hand-held electrical machines class I in the case of advanced insecurity is to be admitted to personnel who belong to group II.

Connection of additional equipment (transformers, frequency changers, switch-off devices, etc.) electric lines and vіd'єdnannya yogo vіd merezі maє vykonuvati electrical personnel, who has group III, who operates the electric line
In applications with advanced health problems and especially unsafe portable electric lamps, the voltage of the mother is not higher than 50 V. When working in especially unfriendly minds (wells, metal tanks, they were pushed too thin), the portable lamps of the mother are not more than 12 V.
Electric tools and hand-held electric machines of class I for applications without power supply, as well as for applications with advanced safety, it is necessary to use one of the electric mittens, kilims, etc. Especially unsafe accommodations qi tools and machines are not allowed to stop.
Electric tools and hand-held electric machines of class II and III in especially unsafe applications are allowed to be used without zastosuvannya elektrozakhisnih zabіv.

Before the cob, he works with manual electric machines, portable power tools and lamps:

Designate the class of machine and tool for the passport;

Verify the completeness and reliability of the fastening of parts;

Take a look at the correctness of the cable (cord), the shackle tube and the plug, the integrity of the insulating parts of the body, the handles and the covers of the shields, the shackles;

Verify the clarity of the work of vimikacha;

Vikonati (if necessary) testing ELVs;

Pereviriti robot power tool chi machine idling;

Verify at the car of the І class the grounding of the lancet is grounded.

It is not allowed to beat in robotic manual electric machines, portable lamps and power tools with additional features that can be seen before them, which may cause defects.

When coring with electric tools, manual electric machines, portable lamps, darts and cables are to be moved as far as possible. The cable of the power tool is guilty of thefts from vipadkovy mechanical shock and dotik with hot, dry and oily surfaces.

In case of various malfunctions of the robot with hand-held electric machines, portable power tools, and lamps, it is guilty of being negligently pinned.

For support of the right state, carrying out periodic testing and re-verification of manual electrical machines, portable power tools and lamps, additional possession, the order of the director is assigned a senior practitioner, which may be a group not lower than III.

Power supply

for verification of knowledge of practitioners from electrical safety, for assigning 1 group of tolerance

The magnitude of the voltage is not safe for the life of that healthy people.

Vіd kakіh faktorіv to lie down the steps and the depth of the damage by an electric jet?

How is it to blame for the installation of electrical wiring when laying її more than 2 m from the level of the logs?

How is the electrical wiring to be blamed when laying її below 2 m from the level of the logs?

How to lay down a hole of damage with an electric jet according to the magnitude of the voltage?

See the influx of electric shock on the human body.

Pererakhuvaty ways zvilnennya lyudiny vіd diї elektrichnoy struma.

Pererakhuvat organіzatsiyni come in to defend the people in the presence of electrostrum damage.

Pererahuvati technically come in zakhistu people from electrostrum.

Pererakhuvat dielectric cause zakhistu.

The periodicity of the re-verification of the dielectric zabіv zakhistu.

The frequency of the pressure at the heart of the house when the people are chewed.

The frequency of piece breaths when people are born.

Trivality of one pressure on the region of the heart.

Trivality of resuscitation processes in case of electrostrum injury.

What are your thoughts on the failure of the electrical system, electrical appliances, electrical wiring?

How to lay down the depth of damage with an electric jet according to the magnitude of the voltage?

Your actions in case of electric shock?

Periodicity of training and re-verification of knowledge for personnel with electrical safety in case of upcoming assignment of 1st group of tolerance?

What is the approval group for electrical safety for non-electrical personnel?

Who has the right to instruct in electrical safety non-electric staff?

Can you repair the wrong possession of the staff, which can I get the permission of the group?

Food and drink

for verification of knowledge of practitioners of electrical safety, for the assignment of 1 group of admission.

1. The magnitude of the voltage is not safe for the life of that healthy people.

Vidpovid: 42V.

2. What are the factors to lay down a step and a depth of damage by an electric jet?

Suggestion:

- vіd force struma,

- I’ll become a destination (dry, sire)

- in the form of a psychological become of a person (cheerful or dramatic),

- in the form of individual power of people,

- At the hour of perebuvannya people pіd vpliv elektrostrumu.

3. How is the fault of the power wiring under the hour of laying її more than 2 m from the river?

Vidpovid: vіdcrito.

4. What is the fault of the power wiring under the hour of laying її below 2 m from the level of the logs?

Note: at the canals under plaster or metal pipes.

5. How to deposit the depth of damage with an electric jet depending on the magnitude of the voltage?

Vidpovid: the greater the voltage, the greater the depth of the damage by the electric jet.

6. Pererahuvat see the injection of electric shock on the body of a person.

Suggestion:

- thermal - opiki 1,2,3 steps, scalding

- svіtlove - zaslіplenya z chastkovy chimney vtratoy zora,

- chemichne - to bring blood to a change,

- mechanically - to produce until the opening of the m'yazіv that tendon,

- biological - the nervous system is paralyzed,

- electric shock - priuspinennya robot and life of important organs - hearts, livers, legends thinly.

7. Pererakhuvaty ways zvіlnennya lyudiny vіd diї elektrichnoy struma.

Suggestion:

- switching on the knife switch, plug socket,

- vydtyaguvannya stricken z vikoristannymi dielectric zabiv zahistu,

- vydtyaguvannya stricken from vikoristannym materials, so do not let the electric jet through,

- cutting the streak-carrying darts with a juice with a wooden handle.

8. Pererakhuvat organіzаtsіynі come in to defend the people in the case of electrostrum damage.

Suggestion:

- the electrical wiring is correctly connected,

- training of personnel in electrical safety,

- obov'yaskove grounding of all possessions,

- Safeguarding the right morning of the electric state,

- Appointment of senior citizens for the electric state,

- Provision of practitioners with protection against electrostrum damage.

9. Pererahuvat tekhnіchnі come in to protect people from damage by electrostrum.

Suggestion:

- technical maintenance and timely repair of electrical equipment,

- in due time I will test the insulation of electrical wiring,

- own (schorichne) testing of grounding,

- Zastosuvannya only viprobuvanih zasobіv dielectric zakhistu.

10. Perekhuvat dielectric cause zakhistu.

Suggestion:

- dielectric mittens, galoshes,

- dielectric kilimki, supports, current-insulating tools.

11. Periodicity of reverification of dielectric devices.

Suggestion:

- mittens, galoshes - 1 time for 6 months,

- kilimki and pedestals are not tested.

12. The frequency of pushing the heart at the farmer when the person is being chewed.

Vidpovіd: 55-60 times per quill.

13. The frequency of piece breaths when people are chewed.

Response: 0.5 seconds.

14. Trivality of one pressure on the region of the heart.

Response: 8-10 times per quill.

15. Trivality of resuscitation processes in case of electrostrum injury.

Note: until the arrival of the shvidkoy, help, or a sign of life.

16. What are your thoughts on the failure of electrical equipment, electrical appliances, electrical wiring?

Suggestion:

- povidomiti kerіvnitstvo,

- contact the electrician or the emergency service.

17. How to lay down the depth of damage with an electric jet depending on the magnitude of the voltage?

Suggestion:

- the higher the voltage, the greater the depth of the hit,

- Voltage up to 42V DC and 110V AC will not cause adverse factors.

18. What are your actions in case of electric blast?

Suggestion:

- call for an injured person from an electric jet;

- give the first medical help,

- viklikati I'll help the shvidka,

- tell me about those who became kerіvnitstvu.

19. Periodicity of training and re-verification of knowledge for personnel with electrical safety in case of upcoming assignment of 1st group of admission?

Response: at least 1 time per river.

20. What is the approval group for electrical safety for non-electrical personnel?

Validation: the first group of approval for electrical safety.

21. Who is authorized to conduct electrical safety training for non-electric personnel?

Vidpovid: a person with electrical engineering personnel with a qualification group of electrical safety not lower than the third group.

22. What can be done to repair improperly possessed personnel, which may be the first group of admission?

Note: no, the repair will be done only by specially trained staff.

Addendum 2

to the order of MBOU "Vasylivska

main lighting

dated February 22, 2017 No. 25

List

Posad, which lies before non-electrical personnel with group I

1. Administration:

Director of lighting organization

2. Pedagogical warehouse:

Teachers of the educational organization

3. Service and technical staff:

Head of the state,

cook,

Pіdsobny worker,

Working from a comprehensive service budіvel ta sporud,

Cleaner for service premises,

wardrobe,

watchman,

Gas boiler operator,

Water.

Intercessor of the Vіdpovidalny for the electric state
____________________ /___________________/
signed P.I.B.

Addendum 3

to the order of MBOU "Vasylivska

main lighting

dated February 22, 2017 No. 25

magazine

type assigned to group I of electrical safety

non-electrical personnel

Arkush 1

_____________________________________________________________________________

magazine
to the form assigned to group I from electrical safety of non-electrical personnel

Organization _________________________
P_drozdil _______________________

Pink "___" ______________ 201 __ р.
Finished "___" ______________ 201 __ p.

Arkush 2

p/n

P.I.B.

name

pіdrozdіli

Posada

(profession)

the date

front

assigned

the date

assigned

signature

perevіryaєє

mogo

signature

pereviryayu-

foot

Numbered, laced: __________________________ arkushiv

Vіdpovidalny for elektrogospodarstvo _______________ _________________
(signature) (calling, initials)

M Moscow

About the assignment of group 1 for electrical safety to non-electrical personnel

For the safety of the safety of non-electrical personnel, it is subject to clause 1.4.4. Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of spare parts, approved by the order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 01.01.01 p. No. 6, Mizhgaluzev rules for the protection of work (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations POT RM, RD 153-34.0-03.150-00, approved resolution 2001 p. No. 3 and by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 01.01.01 p. No. 000,

PUNISH:

1. Assign a certificate of approval for the briefing and assignment to the personnel of ANO TsO "Znak" of group 1 of electrical safety: electrical equipment (3rd group of safety).

2.Harden:

· The program of instructing non-electrical personnel for group 1 with electrical safety (addition 1).

* perelіk posad, scho lie to non-electrical personnel from group 1 (addition 2).

3. Assigned to group 1 from electrical safety, carry out a briefing, which should be completed by re-verification of knowledge in the form of oral training, and for the need to re-verify, a new beginning of safe methods of work and first aid in case of electric shock.

4. Formation of the assignment of group 1 from electrical safety to be registered in the journal assigned to group 1 from electrical safety to non-electrical technical personnel in case of admission of practitioners to work that way. A confirmation about the re-verification of knowledge for group 1 is not issued.

5. To the head of the cadre officer, he should know by order of the vikonavtsa pіd rozpis.

5. Control over vikonannya tsgogo mandate I deprive myself.

Director of ANO TsO "Znak": ____________/

Known by order:

_________________/

_________________/

Addendum 1

"Sverdzhuyu"

Director of ANO TsO "Znak"

_______________________

"_____" _______ 20____

The program of instructing non-electrical personnel for group I of electrical safety

The program is recognized for teaching the staff of the organization the basic provisions for how to enter the safety when using electrical equipment or electrical appliances that are switched on at a voltage of 220 V.

Diya electric struma per person

I will especially inject an electric stream on a person and make him invisible. Tsya osoblivіst obumovlyuє that factor, that practically all robochi and non-working mіstsya, de є elektroobladnannya (portable elektropriymachi) under pressure, vvazhayutsya unsafe. In such a skin area, it is impossible to take into account the switched-on problem of injuring a person with an electric jet. You can pour an electric stream on a person, as well as an electric arc (bliskavka), static electricity, an electromagnetic field.

As a human body flows through an electric strum, it can have a different character on different organs, and the central nervous system.

The body of a person is a conductor of an electric stream. The resistance of living tissue on the basis of the conductivity of the most important conductors is framed both by physical powers, and by folding biochemical and biophysical processes, by powerful living matter. As a result of which the body of a person is considered to be a changeable value, that there is a non-linear staleness in the form of impersonal factors, among that I will become shkiri, physiological processes that take place in the body, the parameters of the electric lance, I will become a medium.

The most important mental injury of a person with an electric strum is the way of that strum. If the path of the strum is affected by life important organs (heart, legenia, brain), then the danger of a fatal blow is even greater. її decline sharply.

Strum pierces only in a closed lance. To that, the place can be like the entrance point (dilyanka) of the body, so it is the exit point of the electric stream. It is possible for the ways of the strum in the body of a person of an indistinguishable number. Prote characteristic vvazhatimutsya like this:

Hand - hand;

· hand leg;

leg - leg;

Head - hand;

Head - leg.

The steps of the difficulty of the various loops of the struma can be assessed for the perceptible amount of fluctuations during the time spent pouring in the struma, as well as the significance of the struma to pass through the region of the heart. The most unsafe are the loops "head - arm" and "head - leg", if the strum can pass not only through the heart, but also through the head and spinal cord.

Passing through the body of a person, an electric stream can vibrate thermal, electrical, mechanical, biological air:

· The thermal strum is manifested in the opikakh of the okremi body of the body, heated to high temperatures of the blood vessels, blood, nerve tissue, heart, brain and other organs, which are located on the strum route, causing serious functional disorders.

· Electrolytic strumu appears in the distribution of organic motherland, including blood, which is accompanied by significant damage to its physical and chemical warehouse.

· Mechanical (dynamic) infusion of the struma is manifested in the venous pressure in the blood vessels and tissues of the body during heating of the blood and other tissues, as well as the displacement of the mechanical tension of the tissues due to the mimotile shortness of the m'yazyv and influx of electrodynamics.

· Biological strumu manifests itself in irritated living tissues of the body, as well as in damaged internal bioelectrical processes that occur in a normally active organism.

Electrically, the strum, passing through the body, frays living tissues, calling out in them a reaction in the body - awakening, which is one of the main physiological processes, if the living creed passes from the state of perceptible physiological calm into the state of instability.

As the strum passes without interruption through the m'yazovu tissue, the awakening is manifested in the seemingly mimicry speed of the m'yaziv. Such a direction is called a straight line. However, the struma can be not only direct, but also reflex, that is, through the central nervous system. Otherwise, the strum can wake up and quiet fabrics, like not being on yoga path.

In this case, when passing through the body of a human struma, the central nervous system can give an inadequate command to cause serious damage to the life of important organs, including hearts and legenivs.

In living tissue (in meats, hearts, legenia), as well as in the central and peripheral nervous systems, electrical potentials (biopotentials) are constantly blamed. The outward strum, which interacts with the biostrums, can destroy the normal character of the spleen on the tissues of the human body, strangle the biostrum and cause serious discord in the body right up to its death. Analogous injection to rob the body of an electromagnetic field.

The versatility of an electric shock on the body can lead to various electrical injuries. Mentally, all electrical injuries can be subdivided into mіstsevі and zagalnі.

Before mіstsevih electrical injuries one can see mіstsevі ushkodzhennya organіznі or clearly vіrazhenі mіstsevі prаshennia tsіlinostі tіlіsі tіla, including іstkovіh tіkanіn, prichinenі vplivі elektricі strumu аbo elektricі ї arc.

Before the most characteristic mіstsevih traumas lie electrical opiki, electrical signs, metalization of the shkіri, mechanical damage and electrophthalmia.

Electric opik (pokryvniy) vinikaє, as a rule, in electrical installations up to 1000 V. With a greater high voltage, an electric arc or a spark is produced, which causes an electric arc opik.

The current opik of the body of the body is the result of the transformation of the energy of the electric stream, which must pass through the heat of the house. This opik is distinguished by the size of the struma, the hour of its passage and the support of the body of the body, which recognized the struma inflow. The maximum amount of heat is seen at the points of contact of the conductor with a shield. To that, basically strumovy opіk є opіkom shkіri. However, strumovym opіk can be poshkodzhenі pіdshkіrnі fabrics. With strums of high frequency, the greatest shilling to strum optics of the internal organs.

The electric arc causes great dangers of the human body. With this injury, an important character can often end in the death of the victim.

Electrical signs in the stream are sharply adorned with gray or pale-yellow colors on the surface of the human body. Sound the stench to make a round or oval shape and expand 1-5 mm from the depressions at the center. The dіlyanka shkіri is stricken hard like to callosity. There is a death of the upper ball of the shkir. The top of the sign is dry, not lit.

Electrical signs are painless. In an hour, the upper ball of the shkiri will descend and the area will be filled with cob color, elasticity and sensitivity.

Metallization of the shkiri - penetration at the upper balls of the shkiri of particles of metal, which melted under the action of the electric arc. Such fluctuations trap at short chimes, switching on the knife switches in the presence of adventures. With this breeze of metal, which melts, under the influence of dynamic forces and heat flow, which vinyls, spread on all sides with a great swirl. Shards of a particle, which have melted, may have a high temperature, but a small supply of heat, then the stench is not the building of the fire of the robes, and the stench of the body parts of the body - a guise, hands.

The plot of the shkіri is damaged, and the surface is short. Suffered in the presence of an injured spacer in the presence of a third-party body. Particularly unsafe is the sting of the melting metal of the eyes. Therefore, such works, as a commemoration of that replacement of the zapobіzhniks, are carried out at the zahisnyh eyepieces.

With a constant stream, metalization of the shkiri is possible and as a result of electrolysis, which can be blamed for a thin and audibly trival contact with the stream-carrying part, which is under tension. In this way, particles of metal are brought into the skin with an electric stream, which at once lays out an organic motherland in tissues, filling acid ions.

Mechanical ushkodzhennya є naslіkі rіzkіh mimilіnіh sudomnіh soon m'yazіv pіd ієyu strumu, scho to go through the body of a person. As a result, tendon, shkiri, blood-bearing vessels and nerve tissue may develop. They can also be displaced suglobiv, and bring on fractures of the bones. Mechanical failures, vyklikanі sudomnim korochennyam m'yazіv, vydbuvayutsya mainly in installations up to 1000 with a trivial znahodzhennі people under pressure.

Electric ophthalmia causes the flow of ultraviolet changes (electrical arcs) to the shell of the eyes, as a result of which the shell is ignited. Electrophthalmia develops in 4-8 years after prominence. At the same time, reddening and sore skins are exposed and the mucous membranes of the eyes, tearing, purulent vision of the eyes, spasms of the eyes, spasms of the eyes, and chastkovy vtrata zoru. Tolerant visceral head bіl and sharp bіl in the eyes, scho poslyuєєtsya on the light. In severe depressions, the transparency of the cornea is destroyed.

The advance of electrophthalmia during the service hours of electrical installations is ensured by blocking of the eyepieces or shields from the extreme slope.

Severe electrical injuries (electric shocks) are blamed for stimulating the living tissue of the body by an electric stream that flows through it, and they appear in the fleeting judiciary of the body. In case of any threat, the whole organism appears through the disruption of the normal functioning of various organ systems, including the heart, lungs, and the central nervous system.

Depending on the result of the injection of strum on the body of a person, electric shocks can be divided into five stages:

I - vessel, ledve obviously short-lived m'yaziv;

II - the vessel is short-lived, which is accompanied by severe pain, without wasting information;

III - the ship's speedy m'yazіv z vtratoyu svіdomosti, ale z dihannyam, who were saved, and the work of the heart;

IV - loss of information and damage to the heart activity and breathing;

V - the soundness of the breath and the sound of the heart's heart.

An electric shock can cause a person to death, but it also causes such discord in the body, as it can manifest itself in a few years or days (the appearance of arrhythmia of the heart, angina pectoris, rozsіyannosti, weakened memory and respect).

There are two main stages of death: clinical and biological death.

Clinical death (raptova death) is a short period of transition between life and death, which comes from the attachment of the heart and lungs. In a person who is living at the camp of clinical death, all the signs of life are daily: breathless, heart does not work, painful teasing does not call out the reaction of the body, the eyes widen sharply and do not react to the light. However, during the whole period of life in the body, the body has not completely died out, because the tissues and tissues do not fall into decay, and life is saved. The first to repair the bends are already sensitive to the sour starvation of the cells of the brain. After a certain hour (4-6 hours), there is a multiple breakdown of the brain cells, which leads to irrevocable ruins and practically turns off the possibility of a trophy to the body. However, even before the end of this period, the victim will be given first medical help, then the development of death can be taken to save the life of a person.

Biological death is an irreversible phenomenon, as it is characterized by biological processes in the cells and tissues of the body and the breakdown of protein structures. Biological death comes after the end of clinical death (7-8 years)

Causes of death from an electric shock can be: attached robotic heart, breath and electric shock. Having injected the struma onto the heart, it can be direct, if the struma passes without a middle through the region of the heart, and reflex, then through the central nervous system. In both vibrations, there may be a heartbeat or some fibrillation. Fibrillation of the heart is a chaotically random movement of the fibers of the heart meat, in which the heart is unable to drive blood through the vessels. Strumi less than 50 mA and more than 5 A with a frequency of 50 Hz, as a rule, do not cry out the fibrillation of the heart.

The breath sounds in the wake of an uninterrupted inflow of strum on the m'yazi of the chest, which is in the process of breathing.

Electric shock is a kind of important neuro-reflex reaction to the body in the air above the world, teasing with an electric stream, which is accompanied by deep disorders of the blood circulation, breathing, and exchange of words. on the bіl, scho vinicles, a bloody vice moves from the new one. Next to cym comes the phase of galvanization and the excitation of the nervous system, if the blood pressure drops sharply, the pulse drops, the pulse becomes weaker, causing depression. Shock mill trivaє vіd kіlkoh desyatkіv khvilin to doby. After that, either the death of a person or a woman may come, as an aftermath of an active jubilant vtruchannya.

The result of pouring the strum on the human body is to lie down due to the significance of the trevalosity of the passage of the strum through the body, the type and frequency of the struma, the individual powers of the person, the psycho-physiological state, the support of the body of the person, the tension and other factors.

Krokova voltage

Krokov's voltage is connected to the outlets of an electric stream on the surface of the earth at the same time as a single-phase short circuit to the ground, the submarine is too thin.

If a person is standing on the surface of the earth in the zone of the outlet of an electric jet, then there is a voltage on the top of the line, and an electric jet passes through this body. The value of the voltage, called the crock, is to lie in the width of the crop and the space of the people's growth. The closer a person is to stand until the month of zamikannya, then the greater the magnitude of the crock voltage.

The value of the unsafe zone of the critical voltage is determined by the value of the electrical voltage. As the voltage of the submarine, the more unsafe zone fit in. It is important that at a distance of 8 m there is an electric shock at a voltage of 1000 V, the short-circuit voltage zone is not safe during the day. When the voltage of the electric wire is lower than 1000, the value of the crock voltage zone becomes 5 m.

In order to escape the electric shock, the person is guilty of leaving the zone of crock tension in short crochets, not piercing one leg out of the way.

For the obviousness of the deficiencies from the dielectric humi (boots, galoshes), you can speed them up to get out of the zone of the crock voltage.

It is not allowed to show from the zone of the crock voltage on one leg.

At the time of the fall of a person (on the hands), the magnitude of the blood pressure is significantly increased, also, the magnitude of the struma that passes through the body and life of important organs - the heart, legs, head brain.

As a result of stumbling with strum particles, or when the electric discharge is faulty, the mechanism, or the vantage-opidiymal machine, is not allowed to lean under the pressure, stumble on them and descend from them to the ground, or it is not allowed to climb on them until the voltage is relieved

Come in for electrical safety at the factory

The provision of electrical safety at the construction site can be achieved by a complex of organizational and technical visits: recognition of major operations, carrying out work on orders and ordering, conducting scheduled repairs and re-wiring electrical control, training staff and others.

Let's see if you can come in to avoid electrical trauma.

3.1. Grounding (grounding) of buildings in electrical installation.

In normal working minds, the daily strum does not flow through the grounded earth. In case of an emergency station of the lansyug, the magnitude of the electric stream (through grounding with a low support) is high enough in order to melt the guards, or to viklikati diyu zakhistu, as you know the electrical life of the electrical installation.

3.2. Application of electric manual machines class II or III.

3.3. Zastosuvannya luminaires with reduced voltage.

In applications with advanced health problems and especially unsafe portable electric lamps, the voltage of the mother is not higher than 50 V. When working in especially unfriendly minds (wells of the vimikachiv, drums of the boilers are empty), the portable lamps of the mother are not more than 12 V.

3.4. Connection and connection of additional equipment (transformers, frequency changeovers, attachments zahisnogo inclusion etc.) to the electric line, it is the responsibility of the electrical personnel from group III to operate the line.

3.5. Zastosuvannya pristroїv zakhisnogo vіklyuchennya (PZV). This attachment reacts to the deterioration of insulation. electric darts: if the strum coil moves up to the limit value of 30 mA, the electric wires are switched on for 30 microseconds. ELVs are set up for the protection of internal electrical wires, for the safety of work with hand-held electric machines and for the hour of carrying out electrical work at the premises of the emergency and especially unsafe.

3.6. Zastosuvannya zasobіv zahist (dielectric mittens, kilimіv, boots and galoshes, coasters, insulating tools too).

Come in special electrical safety

For an hour of work, and also at home minds, follow the rules of electrical safety:

· Increase the electrical power by inserting the right plug at the right socket;

· Do not transfer the electrical power to persons, if you do not have the right to practice with him;

· as soon as the hour of the robot appears, there is a malfunction of the electrical system, or the work is to blame, but it is negligently pinned and the malfunction may be put in place for re-verification and repair;

· turn on the electric power during interruptions in the robot and after the completion of the work process;

· Before skin zastosuvannyam zahistu pratsіvnik goiter perevіrit yogo spravnіst, vіdsutnіst zvnіshnіh poshkodzhenі, stinks due to be clean, dry, not completed by the term of appurtenance (with a stamp on it);

· Do not step on the laying of electric wires and cables on the ground;

· Nefariously vimogi posters and signs of safety.

Cry and zastosovuyut safety signs :

· For fence diy z switching devices, when the pardon is turned on, some can be applied to the work space;

· For fencing the transfer without zabіv zahistu in the GRP 330 kV and more with the electric field voltage more than 15 kV / m (fence weeds);

· for a warning about the lack of proximity to the stream-guided parts, which are under the pressure (forward crying signs);

· For the rendition of singing diy only while vikonannі specific vimog bezpeki pratsі (commandments crying);

· For the introduction of the local budget of various objects and outbuildings (various posters).

Behind the nature of the stagnation of crying, signs can be permanent and portable.

First aid help in times of unfortunate depressions

First help - the whole complex of calls, directing to recovery or saving the life and health of the injured, which does not work medical practitioners but we ourselves suffer.

One of the most important provisions of the first aid is terminology. I will help that person at any time, if I can and can give it to the one who is rebuking the order from the sufferer.

The sequence of the first help:

· Suspend an influx on the body of ear-drinking factors (strengthen in the air of an electric strum, carry it out of an infected atmosphere, extinguish the flames of clothes too soon), assess the victim's camp;

· Determine the nature and severity of the injury, the greatest threat to the life of the victim, and the sequence of entering the next order;

· Vikonati need to go in order of the injured person in the order of terminology (recognize the passage of the dyhal passages, carry out a piece of breathing, heart massage, make me bleed thinly), for the presence of the pulse on the carotid artery, follow the blow to the chest;

After the sound of the injured in the air of the electric strumu, the next step is to evaluate the yogo camp.

Signs of I will become a victim:

· svіdomіst (clear, broken, vіdsutnya);

· Colour of fur coats (erysipelas, bluish, bluish);

Dihannya (normal, broken, daily);

· Pulse (good, bad, daily);

Zіnitsi (vuzki, wide).

If the victim’s eyesight, breathlessness, pulse, cyanotic fur, widening eyes, can lead to clinical (rapt) death. In case of any need, it is necessary to call in resuscitation and provide a call to the doctor (Swedish assistance).

Just be patient at the bridge, ale until the first bov in a non-obnoxious camp, lay it on dry objects, untie clothes, create a rush of fresh air, warm up the body in cold weather, or protect the cold on a scorching day, create a fresh pulse for the calm, without interruption , calling the doctor.

As if the patient is resting at an unfamiliar camp, it is necessary to guard for this respiratory distress, and to ensure that the resuscitation visits are taken care of.

Only a doctor can virishiti food about the health of the victim.

In case of an attack with a glare, one can also help, as in case of an electric shock.

In times of impossibility to call the doctor on the floor of the undertaking, it is necessary to ensure the transportation of the victim to the nearest liquor mortgage. It is possible to transport the injured person only if there is an overwhelming breathlessness and a steady pulse. If the camp of the victim does not allow him to be transported, it is necessary to give help.

A piece of dihannya is carried out at the vipadkah, if the sufferers do not die, they die rarely (by boat), and navіt yakscho yogo dihannya will gradually go down.

The most effective way of piece-by-piece breathing is the method "from company to mouth" or "from company to nis".

To carry out a piece of breathing, lay the injured child on his back, untie his clothes, which squeeze the breath.

First of all, it’s almost a piece of shit, it’s necessary in the first black to secure the passage of the wild ways, like in the position on the back with an unfamiliar start to close the tongue. In addition, in an empty company there can be third-party objects, which must be seen with a finger, burnt with a bandage (bandage).

After that, it helps to roztashovuetsya sideways in front of the head of the victim, throwing his head (putting his hand under his hand) and carrying out a piece of mouth-to-mouth breathing (with the victim’s nose closed).

If the victim has a good pulse and it is necessary to breathe more than a piece, then the interval between breaths is to become 5 s (12 dyhal cycles per whilina).

At the time of the day, not only gasp, but the pulse, sing a row of 2 pieces in the breath and proceed to the heart massage.

To help, I hope one person is standing on the side of the victim, with one hand on the lower half of the sternum (stepping on two fingers above the lower edge), fingers lifted. I put my other hand on top of the first one across, or I push and push, helping my frail body. The hands, when pressed, may be straightened at the elbows.

The onset of the next is carried out with swedish stitches, so that the sternum is not less than 3-4 cm thick, the treadiness of the onslaught is not more than 0.5 s, the interval between the onsets is 0.5 s.

If you want to carry out one person, then two skin injections of veins viroblya 15 push on the sternum. For the participation in the resuscitation of two special spivvіdnoshennia "breathing - massage" become 2:5.

For the presence of the injured pulse on the carotid artery, one can recognize the work of the heart by hitting the sternum with a fist, and one’s hand can be bent at a 90° angle. Before hitting the victim, it is necessary to break the chest into the cloak, loosen the waist belt, cover the sword-like windrow with two fingers and give a blow to the chest more than once. It is not possible to strike at the sword-like windrow or at the clavicle area.

After that, as it was inspired by the heart's activity, the massage of the heart can be negligently pinned, but with a weak breath of the injured piece, the breath is trivay. With the introduction of a full-fledged independent breathing, the piecework breathing is also attached.

Even though the heart's activity has become more self-reliant, but the resuscitation comes in efficiently, you can only blame them for the transfer of the injured to the medical practitioner.

Resuscitation may come in, if the victim shows signs of biological death:

· hanging of the horn of the eye (appearance of the sedentary glare);

· Deformation of the chin with the protective squeezing of the apple with the fingers;

· The appearance of dead bodies.

For the first aid for the hour of injury, it is necessary to vicorist an individual dressing material (bandage, khustka, clean cloth). It is not possible to put cotton wool directly on the wound. If a wound falls like a tissue on a chi organ, then a bandage is applied to the animal, at the same time trying to set the tissue of the chi organ in the middle of the wound.

For a tooth to bleed, it is necessary:

· Raise the wounded tip;

· Cover the wound with bandaging material and press down on the beast, not sticking out the fingers of the self-inflicted wound (4-5 min.). As if the bleeding is spiky, then, without knowing the applied material, bandage the wounded mass with a small vice, so as not to break the blood circulation of the wounded tip;

· in case of severe bleeding, squeeze the blood-bearing judge with your fingers, a jig, or bend the tip in the swamps.

Internal bleeding is recognized by the sharp pallor of appearance, weakness, weak pulse, ass, confusion, inconspicuous body, strong spagh. In such situations, it is necessary to call out the doctor in terms, and before his arrival, create peace for the injured. It is impossible to give you a drink, as if there is a suspicion of wounded organs in the empty stomach. On the site of injury, it is necessary to put cold lotions, m'yaku єmnіst іz cold water.

It is possible to bleed quickly by pressing the bleeding dishes with your fingers until the brushes are more wounded (closer to the toulub). Press down with your fingers on the bleeding vessel and finish it strongly.

Bleeding from wounds can be zupiniti:

· On the lower part of the individual - pressing the slit artery to the lower slit;

· on the crown of the forehead - pressing the crown artery over the ear;

· on the head and neck - pressing the carotid artery to the neck ridges;

· on the inguinal depression and shoulders - pressing the subclavian artery to the cyst in the subclavian fossa;

· On the front shoulder - pressing the brachial artery in the middle of the shoulder from the inner side;

on the hand and fingers - squeeze two arteries (promeneval and ulnar) to lower thirds in front of the brush;

· On gomіlki - priskannyam pіdkolіnnoї artery;

· On the stegni - pressing the stegnial artery to the pelvic bones;

· On the foot - squeeze the artery, which goes along the tiln_y part of the foot.

In case of severe bleeding, tighten the entire tie, applying a tourniquet. Yak jgut dotsilno vykoristovuvati whether-yaku spring cloth, humovu tube, braces and so on. You can put a harness over the sleeves or pants.

Pulling with a jig of kintsivka can be over the world. Tighten the tourniquet as little as possible until bleeding occurs. The correctness of the application of the tourniquet is checked by the pulse. If the wine is smeared, then the overlays are tied incorrectly, it is necessary to take them off and put them on again.

Trimati overlays are not allowed for more than one year, shards can be brought to death.

In case of bleeding from the nose of the victim, sit down, heal the head forward, put the blood flowing down like an amnesia, spread it out, put a cold lotion on it, put cotton wool or gauze soaked with 3% peroxide in water, squeeze it into the nose. wings of the nose for 4-5 minutes.

In case of bleeding from the company of the injured, the patient should be put down and terminologically called the doctor.

As if you had thrown off a robe on the victim, it is necessary to throw a piece of cloth over the new one, or beat half a cloud with water.

When given help, the victim cannot stick around with the hands of the singed women of the shkir, or smear them with ointments, oils, stick with baking soda, starch thinly.

When the first step is small beyond the area, it is necessary to put a sterile bandage on the scorched deck of the shkir. As if the clothes were stuck to the scorched litter of shkir, over them they next put a sterile bandage and send the victim to the likuvalny mortgage.

In case of important and great fears of the victim, it is necessary to lighten up in a clean stretch or cloth, without loosening yoga, warmly open and create a calm until the healer arrives.

The burnt person should be covered with sterile gauze.

In the case of eyelids, it is necessary to use cold lotions from a variety of boric acid and to direct the victim to the doctor.

In case of chemical surgeries, the mass is washed with a large amount of water for a stretch of 15-20 min.

When opiku shkіri acid shatter lotion rose soda. When opiku meadow - boric acid or weak octic acid.

In case of fractures, vivices, slaughters and stretching of the ligaments, the main moment of supplanting the first aid to the victim is immobilization (calmness) of the poor kintsivka. Tires, chains, boards, a line and other are ready for this vicory.

At the anterior pit of the stomach (skarga for confusion, boredom, tightness in the chest, darkening in the eyes), the victim should be laid down, lowering his head a troch lower than the toe, to that, when unpretentious, it is seen in the blood in the brain. It is necessary to loosen the clothes of the victim, to provide a rush of fresh air, to give him a drink of cold water and to give him a sniff of ammonia. So the very next repair, as if the unpretentiousness has already arrived.

In case of heat and sony stroke, there is a rush of blood to the brain; To take the victim out of a troubled misfortune, secure a rush of fresh air, lay it down so that the head was loose behind the coat, untie the robe, put a cold object on the head, wet the chest with cold water, give it a sniff of ammonia.

Features of the operation of portable electric receivers

A portable electrical receiver is an electrical receiver, which can be moved manually until the month of zastosuvannya for recognition, and the connection to the lifeline can be connected to an additional cord, cord, portable wires and time sockets or other choice of contacts.

To portable electric machines one can see:

· portable electrical appliances in industrial installations (electrical cooking installations, electric pumps, electric fans, electric furnaces, electric compressors, distribution transformers and other additional equipment);

· portable electric machines (cleaning machines, refrigerators, electric heaters, sawdusters, electric kettles);

· manual electric machines and electric tools (electric drills, electric hammers, electric planes, electric saws, grinders, electric soldering irons);

· manual electric lamps (lamps with heating lamps, luminescent lamps, lamps near fire-safe zones, lamps near vibro-safe zones only).

Portable electric appliances, like electrical engineering products, comply with GOST 12.2.007.0-75 Standard systems for safety of work “Electrical engineering products. Zagalni vomogi bezpeki ”for the method of zakhistu, people in the presence of electric shock are divided into five classes of zakhistu: 0; 01; I; II; III.

Up to class 0, it is possible to see the pipes that can accept the main (working) insulation and not the elements for grounding, because the pipes are not allowed to class II or III.

Up to class 01, it can be seen that it is possible to use the main (working) insulation, an element for grounding and a wire without grounding lived for access to the living room.

Up to class I, it can be seen that the main (working) insulation and the element for grounding can be used. In the case of a vipadku, yakscho virib class I may be wired to get to the dzherel zhivlennya, this wire is responsible for the mother earthing core and the plug with a grounding contact.

Up to class II, it is possible to see the bases, which can be used for underwire or for reinforced insulation, and not for elements for grounding.

Up to class III, you can see the bends, which do not make any internal or external electric lances with a greater force than 42 Art.

Varieties, which take life from a normal dzherel, can be carried up to class III only in that case, as they are recognized for coming directly to a dzherel life with a voltage not higher than 42 V, for which, when idling, it does not exceed 50 V. dzherela zhivlennya transformer or reworking yogo input and output windings are not guilty but electrically connected and between them may be suspended or the insulation is reinforced.

Livelihoods of portable electrical appliances should be wound up in the mesh with a voltage of no more than 380/220 V.

Fallow in the category of accommodation for a level of insecurity of people with an electric jet, portable electrical receivers can live directly in the middle, or through razdilov or step-down transformers.

Metal housings of portable electric receivers higher than 50 V of a replaceable strum and higher than 120 V of a permanent strum in the premises with a moving insecurity, especially in unsafe ones in the outer installations, the fault is grounded for the fault of the electrical insulators with a floating transformer living.

The grounding of portable electrical receivers is due to be equipped with a special hull (the third - for electrical receivers of a single-phase and permanent stream, the fourth - for an electrical receiver. triphasic struma);

Peretin tsієї lived may dorіvnjuvati pererіzu phase provіdnikіv. Vykoristannya tsієї meti zero working conductor, zokrem roztashovanogo zagalnoї obolontsі, is not allowed.

Lived wires and cables, which are twisted for grounding portable electrical receivers, are made of medium, flexible, retinal not less than 1.5 mm2 for portable electrical receivers in industrial installations and not less than 0.75 mm2 for portable electrical receivers.

At the vtichnyh plugs of portable electric pickups, podzhuvalnyh wires and cables to the outlet, but also lead wires from the side of the power supply, and to the plug - from the side of the electric pickups.

Vtichnye z'dnuvachі materi spetsial'nі contacts, to which priyadnuyutsya grounding zahisnі guides. The connection between these contacts, when switched on, can be restored before the contacts of the phase conductors reach the contact. The order of opening contacts when enabled may be reversible.

The design of the secondary contacts can be such that the possibility of connecting the contacts in the phase conductors from the grounding contacts is switched off.

Like the case of a spring-loaded contactor with metal, it is the fault of the electrical connection with the ground contact.

Grounding conductors of portable wires and cables of faulty mother to the sign.

Electric tools, hand-held electric machines (EI, REM) comply with GOST 12.2.013.0-91 system of safety standards for work “Electric hand-held machines. Zagalnі vymogi bezpeka that methodi vyprobvan' that after the type of zakhistu vіd razhennya electric strum stench subdivided into virobi І, ІІ or ІІІ class zakhistu.

To work with portable power tools and hand-held electric machines of class I in persons with advanced disabilities, personnel who belong to group II are to be admitted.

The connection of additional equipment (transformers, frequency changeovers, zahisno-mimicing attachments) to the electric line and the connection of the line to the line is the responsibility of the electrical personnel, which may be group III, to the extent that it is operated.

In places with advanced health problems and especially unsafe portable electric lamps, the voltage of the mother is not higher than 50 V. When working in especially unfriendly minds (wells, metal tanks are thin), the portable lamps of the mother are not more than 12 V.

Electric tools and hand-held electric machines of class I for applications without power supply, as well as for applications with advanced safety, it is necessary to use one of the electric mittens, kilims, etc. In especially unsafe applications and tools, the machine is not allowed to stop.

Electric tools and hand-held electric machines of class II and III in especially unsafe applications are allowed to be used without zastosuvannya elektrozakhisnih zabіv.

Before the cob, he works with manual electric machines, portable power tools and lamps:

· Designate the class of the machine or the tool for the passport;

· reverify the completeness and reliability of the fastening of details;

· perekonatisya zovnіshnіshnіm oglja at sravnostі cable (cord), yogo zahisnoї tube and plug, the integrity of the insulating parts of the body, handles and krishok shchitkotrimachiv, zahisnih kozhukhіv;

· Verify the accuracy of the work of vimikacha;

· Vikonati (if necessary) testing ELVs;

· perevіriti robot power tool chi machine idling;

· Verify the grounding of the lancet in a class I machine.

It is not allowed to beat in robotic manual electric machines, portable lamps and power tools with additional features that can be seen before them, which may cause defects.

When coring with electric tools, manual electric machines, portable lamps, darts and cables are to be moved as far as possible.

The cable of the power tool is guilty of thefts from vipadkovy mechanical shock and dotik with hot, dry and oily surfaces.

In case of various malfunctions of the robot with hand-held electric machines, portable power tools, and lamps, it is guilty of being negligently pinned.

For support of the right state, carrying out periodic tests and re-tests of manual electric machines, portable power tools and lamps, additional equipment, arrangements for the organization’s certifier, it is the fault of the appointments of a senior practitioner, who is a member of group III.

Portable electrical appliances are subject to periodic revisions and tests at the line, GOST 12.2.013-91 is installed, specifications for them and the Rules for the Operation of Electrical Installations of the Spazhivachiv.

Periodic rechecking is carried out at least once every 6 months and includes:

· zovnіshnіy glance;

· Rechecking the robot at idle with a pull of at least 5 min. At whom the accuracy of the work of the vimikacha is distorted;

· Measure the insulation support with a megohmmeter for 500 V at the included station. The value of the insulation support may be not less than 0.5 MΩ, and for class II machines - not less than 2 MΩ;

· Re-checking the strength of the earthing lance. For this vikoristovuetsya attachments at a voltage of no more than 12 V, one of which is connected to the ground contact of the socket (plug), and the other to the metal part accessible to the dotik. Lanzyug is in vvazhaetsya with reference to how he shows the presence of the strum.

Addendum 2

"Sverdzhuyu"

Director of ANO TsO "Znak"

_______________________

"_____" _______ 20____

PERELIK POSAD

What can be seen by non-electrical personnel with group 1

Director Director's Protector Intercessor of the director of preschool education Intercessor of the director of the OIA Pomіchnik kerіvnik Accountant Kuhar Helper of a cook kitchen robot Water Nurse Dvirnik houseworker Technical staff(cleaner) Librarian teacher post school teacher Psychologist Vihovatel Helper