Understanding the meaning of lighting fixtures. Designation of sockets and vimikachiv on armchairs
Whether it's a budіvelny process or installation electric lancers budіvel ta sporud starts from the project. For clarity of orientation in the numerical types of installation, what to install, as well as for turning off installation pardons, it is essential to understand the meaning. Don't forget everything. It is enough to know the normative documents, which can be overlooked in different important situations. Let's look, as if to recognize, de on the armchair rosettes and vimikachi.
Regulatory documents
The main budіvelniy chi installation document is the project. SNiPi and GOSTs are the largest global documents, ie rozpovsudzhuyut their regulations on the scale of the state chi galuzi. The project is the whole, in the plan, document. Vіn rozpovsyudzhuє svіy regulations for a specific object.
The project can be universal in terms of understanding the minds assigned to us by the categories of specialists, how to design the installation. For this and expanded state and Galuzev normative documents that regulate the type of mental designation of the category of possession that are installed, that one element (SNiPi and GOSTs).
Electrical installation is also possible.
There are two main differences in the designation of the electrical installation:
- Smarter understanding of the electrical installation (zocrema, sockets and vimikachiv) on the wake-up chairs.
- Smarter understanding of the electrical circuit diagrams.
Such a sign may be a difference. To that їх sіd look around. A little more, it is necessary to expand in the regulatory documents, so that the rules are established in accordance with the graphic designations of that third electric power.
In this hour on the territory of Russia, the new standard is:
GOST 21.614-88 "Representation of smart graphic electrical wiring and wiring on the plans" from the section "Project documentation system for everyday life".
Tsey sovereign standard of introductions in 1988.
Only this document regulates the graphic designation of electrical installation on plans, diagrams and chairs. Zokrema, images of butt and craftsmen, rosettes.
Other electrical equipment (their smart graphic designations) is standardized by another document:
GOST 2.721–74 "Designation of clever graphics in diagrams".
Electrical circuits of power and operational lances of electrically controlled warehouses with different graphic designations assigned to this GOST.
Socket designations
Use sockets of different types and recognition. Їx vikonannya to lay down according to the class of voltage, degree of protection, visibility of grounding contacts, method of installation, and so on. Let's look at the step by step graphic intellect of the skin type of sockets.
On the daily plans, diagrams, armchairs, there is a graphic designation of sockets attached holding vikonuetsya with the coming rank:
Graphically intelligible for sockets open wiring vikonano with the coming rank:
Clever graphic designations of the sockets of a waterproof wicker on the diagrams and bedside chairs are marked in this order:
At the coding of the IP, depicted on the electric control, it is encrypted showing the stage of protection of the body from the mechanical strum-conducting parts and the water falling on them. IP - the great letters of the Ingress Protection Rating (eng. - steps to protection from penetration). The classification of electrical control is consistent with the indicator according to international standards IEC 60529, DIN 40050, as well as GOST-14254.
The coding stage of the zahist is composed of the following rank:
IP X 1 X 2 AM de:
X 1 - a figure that characterizes the degree of protection of the strumous parts of the possession by the exposure of hard particles;
X 2 - a figure that characterizes the steps of the strum-carrying parts of the airway;
AM - letters that characterize the degree of zahistu obladnannya in the penetration of people to the strumming parts. The first letter can be A, I, C, D. Skin has its own characteristics. Another letter carried additional information, for example, about the class of working voltage, about testing the possession of that and more. Tsya letter can be H, M, S, W.
For clarity of orientation at the coding stage, a final table has been drawn up.
Characteristics of the electrical power are determined by the IP coding.
Graphic designation of vimics
Vimikachi, like rosettes, are classified according to their vikonannyam. Yake, at one's quarters, to lie down in the class of working voltage of the vimikach, the method of installation, the degree of protection and the other.
The main types of vimikachiv and their clever graphic designation on the daily plans, armchairs and schemes of pointing below.
Reference example:
The international classification of IP expands on vimics in the same way to sockets.
For all due respect, merit is combined with electric power. For possession - ce confusion block with sockets and vimikacha. Vin also has its own mental graphic designation.
Clever symbols on electrical diagrams
With electrical circuits, the simplest. The classification of vimics and sockets on their vikonann is especially protected. Take a look at the electrical installation may have such a clever graphic designation.
Electrical installations are made up of a combination of machines, appliances, outbuildings, fixtures, shields and electrical lances (tires, cables, wires), such as attachments between themselves.
Fallow in the form of recognition of electric lancers are subdivided into primary and secondary. Before the first ones, lances are recognized, they are recognized as transferring and distributing electricity to electric receivers (electric motors, electric heaters and others.). Before the second ones, lances, victorious transfers of control strums, signalization, vimiriv are brought.
The order of installation of electrical extensions is determined by electrical diagrams. The most frequent schemes are: principles (povnі), z'ednan (installation) and connection.
The basic electrical circuit of a double-feeder, non-reversible, with switches to the automatic mode of the RUS5115 type box (Fig. 1.1) determines the total warehouse of the box elements and the links between them and gives an external statement about the principles of yoga.
Rice. 1.1. Principal diagram of the first locks of the keruvannya box type RUSM5115
Electrical attachments and elements, which are folded, are depicted on a small scale 1.1, up to smart graphic designations, installed GOST and ESKD: GOST 2.755-87 ESKD. Significance of smart graphics in electrical circuits. Attached switching and contact facilities.
As can be seen from the little 1.1, the skin is attached or the circuit element may have a positional alphanumeric designation, as it is written right-handed as a graphic designation or above it. Great letters of the Latin alphabet indicate the type of element and its function in the scheme, and Arabic numerals- yogo serial number, for example, HL1 (div. Fig. 1.1); - fixture of light signaling (lamp).
Vіdomosti about elements and attachment schemes decoding of their positional designations indicate at the alteration of elements, which, as a rule, are placed on one archway with a principle scheme or on the offensive order of numbering the sides of the arch (Table 1.1, for Fig. 1.1).
For the recognition of the strum-carrying trees of the lancet and electrical elements, recognized for connection, the term is zastosovuetsya - "designation of zatiskachi".
Vybіr way znachennya zatskachiv lie down according to the type of extension, roztashuvannya zatiskіv, as well as the folding of the extension or wiring. When prompted alphanumeric characters win great letters of the Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals.
Plugs of electrical appliances, recognized for direct or indirect connection with live wires three-phase system, it is important to designate the letters U, V, W, as it is necessary to complete the sequence of phases. Zatyskach, z'ednany with the hull, denoted by the letters MM, equipotent zatyskach - SS.
These signs are less likely to corrode at that moment, if it is not visible from the ground through the wire.
According to GOST 2.709-89, the designation of the clamping of electrical attachments, attached to special darts, is indicated in table 1.2.
Wire designation a special form is shown in table 1.3.
The number of positional designations of the elements and their locks, on the electrical diagrams, indicate the numbers of the electric lines. The designation of the dealers of the lancers is to serve for their recognition for the hour of installation, for the improvement and repair of electrical equipment, as well as for their functional recognition and creation of a link between the scheme and the extension.
With the signification of vicorist, great letters of the Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals, written in one font size. Lantsyug poles, divided by contacts of devices, windings of machines, resistors and other elements of the mother of the designation. Problems that go through unresolved, disparate and multiple contact details mean the same. Allowed in rimmed patterns of different designations. The plots of the lansyug at the scheme indicate independently of the numbering of the inputs and outputs of the machines and extensions. The sequence of recognition may be, as a rule, from the introduction (dzherela zhivlennya) until the end. The lancers, who are roaring, signify the beast down at a straight line to the right.
For manual orientation, the schemes with the identified plots of lancers are allowed to leave out the reserve numbers and deac- ry skip numbers.
The designation of a lanceug snake struma znachennya dіlyanok lantsyugіv phase and serial number.
name | Appointment |
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alphanumeric | more graphic |
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The living system of the snake strumu: | ||
phase conductor | ||
neutral wire | ||
Eating system fast strumu: | ||
positive pole | ||
negative pole | ||
middle wire | ||
Zahisniy provіd іz grounded | ||
Zahisny wire of non-grounding | ||
Z'єdnaniy zahisny and middle provid | ||
Ground wire | ||
Conducting noiseless grounding | ||
Conducting a contract with the hull | ||
Provide equipotential | ||
For example, lansyug's dilyanki:
1st phase - L1, L11, L12, L13 etc.;
2nd phase - L2, L21, L22, L23 etc.;
3rd phase - L3, L31, L32, L33 etc.
It is allowed, even though it does not call for a pardon connection, to designate the phases appropriately to the letters A, B, C.
For the visibility of the wires of the phase or polarity, which can be seen before the various slowdowns, stop the successive numbers, so that they are placed in front of the signs of this phase or the polarity (for example, the sign 3L2 means another phase, which leads to the third slowdown).
It is allowed to designate the lancers of the lancer by the last numbers. Allowed to recognize lansyugiv control, protection, signaling, automation, switching on the phases. Before the designation of the lancer, it is allowed to include the designation that characterizes the functional recognition of the lancer. And here the sequence of numbers is allowed to be installed no more than the functional lance.
On the diagram, the markings are put down in the end or in the middle of the lancer's plot: zliva in the image of the lancer - with a vertical rotting of the lancer; above the image of the lancet - with a horizontal rotting of the lancet. In technically primed vipads, it is allowed to put down the sign of the image of the lancer.
It should be noted that the system of mental designations (brands) - letters and digital ones, which are located in the circuits of electrical plants of the first and second lances, are called markings.
Marking of assembly units and yoga elements is carried out at the stage of folding important confusions (top) and (opened) schemes. We will then apply the marking on the wiring diagrams.
Vіdpovіdno to іnstruktsії “Electrical devices and fittings. Symbols. OLH. 684.009-76 "VNDIR Minelektrotekhprom, 1977, installation symbols of relays, fittings and devices, which are included in the factory technical documentation in the wiring diagrams, are shown in frames, and their closures are shown in circles with numerical factory marks.
Installation diagramsє the main working armchairs, which are mounted on the second place, will arrange that yoga lansyug. Tom in wiring diagrams induce all necessary for the installation of the bridge: territorial placement of secondary devices and dial-up rows of clamps, direct laying of back-up wires and cables; technical characteristics of relays, accessories, devices, cables and wires; stowage of clamps, as well as marking of all attachments and accessories, cables, wires, clamps, etc.
During the process of installation and adjustment of electrical installations, the design of the armchairs, installation and principles of the scheme are fixed, which will eliminate the actual installation and marking (with the correction of the changes made).
A set of iconographic and important schemes should be up to the main technical documentation.
Marking of the first and second lances those elements give the possibility:
installation of a territorially pink-lined property, equipment, fittings, cables and lanyards before the next building (engine room, VRP, too);
The correct orientation of mutually dependent armchairs and schemes is important summed up (on the whole) and wiring diagrams that install the armchair thinly;
Appreciation of the character of the device and yoga functional recognition at the scheme (for example, a relay for zahistu or an alarm, a start button or a test just without a chair;
Depending on the belonging of the element to the next device, the nature of the element (winding, contact is thin);
The rewiring of the Lanziugs without ringing lived on the droid or the cable, and it showed both yogo kintsiv, the appointed time of their connection to the last hits at the time, as if there were no reasons for bula vіd'ednana.
I have subdivided the group of numbers for the marking of the lances in the control of the change strum is indicated in table 1.4.
Name lanzygiv | A group of numbers for the identification of lances at the boundaries of one mounting unit |
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Main group of numbers | (A, B, C) 1-99 | (A, B, C) 101-199 | (A, B, C) 201-299 | (A, B, C) 301-399 |
Lantsyugi management | (A, B, C) 3-49 | (A, B, C) 103-149 | (A, B, C) 203-249 | (A, B, C) 303-349 |
Lantsyugi included | (A, B, C) 3 | (A, B, C) 103 | (A, B, C) 203 | (A, B, C) 303 |
Lantsyugi included | (A, B, C) 33 | (A, B, C) 133 | (A, B, C) 233 | (A, B, C) 333 |
Lanziugs of automation | (A, B, C) 50-69 | (A, B, C) 150-169 | (A, B, C) 250-269 | (A, B, C) 350-369 |
Lances of lamps signaling the position of vimics | (A, B, C) 70-79 | (A, B, C) 170-179 | (A, B, C) 270-279 | (A, B, C) 370-379 |
Lances of the relay of fixation of commands of a remote keruvannya | (A, B, C) 80-89 | (A, B, C) 180-189 | (A, B, C) 280-289 | (A, B, C) 380-389 |
Lances signaling emergency activation and shaving of lancets | (A, B, C) 90-99 | (A, B, C) 190-199 | (A, B, C) 290-299 | (A, B, C) 390-399 |
Signaling busbars | (A, B, C,N)700-709 |
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Individual lancets of forward chewing signals | (A, B, C,N)900-999 |
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Technical support before installation
Shields, boxes, and other services are supplied by virobniki plants, re-assembled with devices and accessories that have been revised, regulated and tested.
Before installation, all devices are examined, checked for correctness, completeness, and validity of passport data by the design. You can see the butter, which is being preserved, manually try the friability of buttons, handles, contact systems, etc.
Ballasts can be arranged in such a way that the start-up and teeth of the electric motors are in the operator's field of view. Shields, aparati in the creature's booths are installed at the premises with a non-aggressive middle. The shafts are placed in such a way that their doors open no less than 100 ° lower, and turning the handles of the knife switches and switches uphill or right-handed, turning on the device, and down, or left-handed, turning it on. The installation of the shafi is vibrated for equal and schilom. Okremi devices (launchers, automatics) are installed at a height of 1500-1700 mm in the direction of the underlays from the vertical axis, not more than 5 °.
On the front side of all the wardrobe, the inscriptions should be written in line with the working armchair. At the drives of the devices, signs are installed from the assigned receipt and the position “Enabled” and “Enabled”. The same plates are installed in the middle of the shafi, beating the skin apparatus from the designated mechanism of the stink.
On the keys, buttons and handles, scribble inscriptions from the operations assigned to them (“Start”, “Stop”), and in the signal lamps - signs indicating the nature of the signal (“Merezha”, “Riven” toshcho.). Special locks are installed at the wardrobe doors and drawers, which can be opened by outsiders.
Installation of internal doors
When installing shields, outbuildings, secondary lancets, it is necessary to comply with the following rules:
Up to the cob it is necessary to improve the work chair, technical documentation;
Mustache devices, stashed in the middle of the box of chi shafi, zadnuyut between themselves with inseparable jumpers without the introduction of darts
on the dial. Lances for connecting external outbuildings are attached to the fastening strips (rails). To straighten the wire before laying and wipe it with ganchir'yam, seeping paraffin;
Lay the closet on the panels either vertically or horizontally. The radius of the wigu dart is no less than three times the diameter of the dart. To the panel, the bolt is fastened with brackets with insulating gaskets. The streams of darts are fixed with bandages every 200 mm;
The transition of wires from the body of the shield on a loose door or loose contacts I will attach with flexible copper wires near the bundle that looks like it is twisted vertically, without cutting wires.
The jgut is fastened to the body and the doors are behind an additional arch. The non-destructive case of the control box slides behind the doors behind the help of a bare veined trunk. Kіltsya on kіntsy lived roztashovuyut at the tack along the course of the gwent, which they tightened strongly, not allowing them to see the vluvannya lived or the vision of the carving.
As soon as two darts are added to the zatyskach, then a puck is laid between the rings. More than two wires under the gwent are blocked. Vaginati are not allowed to live or work on them with pliers or wire cutters.
The conductors at the dials of the devices are due to the mother's marking, as they are written on the rings made of plastic by writing either a polymer tube with a length of 20 mm or 15 mm.
The inscriptions on the tubes should be applied on both sides with ink, so as not to wrinkle. Hang the tags on the darts instead of the ring fence.
The jumpers and keys of the control are connected in a similar way to the diagrams of the switching of contacts, as to direct them to the armchairs with the principle scheme.
The installation of wires and cables made of aluminum conductors for the internal installation of panel buildings is not allowed.
Installation
1. Behind the principle of the electrical circuit, a circuit is formed in an address way. For example, for the principle diagram of the primary circuits of the control box type RUSM5115, a circuit of electrical circuits is drawn up, pointed at little 1.2.
Addresses and two parts: the first includes the sign of the positional designation, the other - the number of the contact, invitation by the manufacturer. On the wiring diagrams, the factory numbers and contacts are put down at the edges, which means the contacts, or at the temples there are contacts. Addresses are written against the explorer's data - it shows the positional value of that number to the contact of that element of the scheme, which may be accepted by the explorer.
For example (div. fig. 1.1), conductor A1, coming to contact 2 of the QF1 vimikach, can be addressed to the address KM1: 1, as it is read by the coming order: wire, which goes to contact 2 of the QF1 vimikach, is guilty of coming to contact 1 magnetic launcher KM1. At contact 1 of the KM1 launcher, write QF1:2, which you indicate, calls to the contact will be sent. Often, in projects, the deputy schemes of the bills add up the table of bills for the form (Table 1.5).
In the column "designated dart" indicate the designation of the plot of the dart for marking on the principle scheme (Fig. 1.2). At the next columns - the addresses of the elements that are called.
2. On the panel of the drawer there are electrical appliances needed. There is a track coming up, which darts will be laid. The necessary vimir is fixed on the panel i, dppovіdno to otrimanoї trace, eskіz zhgut is folded.
Eskіz skladayut on pіdstavі schemes z'єdnán, rozmіtki trace laying, as well as the place of laying on the outbuilding, scho to be commuted. Sketch of the wiring harness can be drawn in single-line (div. fig. 1.3, a) and isometric (div. fig. 1.3, b) images.
On the sketches, the wiring harnesses with the help of the wires and the twists were followed by one line.
On the skin rectilinear gap of the harness (from the top to the top or the top) apply rosemaries, which are indicated during the death of the laying of the harness of the darts (div. Fig. 1.3 a).
Rice. 1.2. Schematic diagram of the electrical connection of the keruvannya box type RUSM5115
On the sketches, the straight lines and the winding of the bundle of wires on the edge are depicted at the sight of lines, and the cut of the twist of the bundle on the flat is shown with a cross, or another cross. On all the plots, the stream in mugs is told the number of darts.
Zdіysnyuvati vymіri for the job and apply rozmіri on sketches following the accuracy, which includes hoses during installation and rewire when preparing harnesses.
Behind the sketches, they designate that on the scheme of the date of the wire.
Rice. 1.3.
3. On a universal template, which is a perforated plate with openings with a diameter of 3-5 mm, stitched on an opening of 25-50 mm, the contour of the bundle is applied with a crade. The ends and top studs are displayed.
4. Darts are selected for the installation of lanyards of the main stream and secondary lances. Vidpovidno to the sketch, the darts of the necessary dozhina are cut, wiped with ganchir'yam, seeping paraffin, and corrected.
5. Darts are marked. The tube-tags are put on from the skin tip, and for additional ink, which does not wrinkle, a marking is applied, which shows the marking on the scheme of the day.
Marking on panels, consoles, attachments, devices apply farboy on a stencil, on cables - with tags or inscriptions on the cuffs of the terminations, on the cores and wires - by writing signs on the terminations, polyvinyl chloride tubes, on the insulation of the wires with a sticky markuval line.
To understand the phases and polarities, they lived to mark Farbs of different colors or mount darts with color insulation (for phase A - yellow, B - green, C - red). Lances of the fast struma are divided, zastosovuchi conductors from blue insulation (minus) and red (plus).
6. The darts are laid out on the template in the same way to the folded sketch. Darts are tied into a jig (perforated stitch, male buckle, thin thread bandage).
Two (and more) go in parallel on one track insulated darts dozhinoy over 50mm owing to buti tied at the harness. Vignatkom can be more unacceptable zbіlshennya mutual guidance in electric lances. For knitting, put on threads, cords, tasma, insulating stitches, thermotubes that in. The operation is usually applied to templates.
Krok knitting l lie down in the cut of the wires, the number of wires n and the diameter D of the bundle. On curvilinear plots, the crop is guilty of buti changes in the fallow in the diameter and radius of the twist of the bundle. In the places where the wires are loosened, the knitting is due to the mother 2-5 turns on all the needles, the bandages are due to the breakage of 2-3 loops, which should lie instructed. Ends of the harness due to the mother bandages and knots (Fig. 1.4). Finish with a knot, which can be fastened with glue, varnish or melting.
Rice. 1.4. Options for knitting jgutiv: 1 - harness; 2 - threads; 3 - bandage from threads; l - krok v'yazannya
7. Znіmaєtsіya іzolyatsіya z kіntsіv drotіv. With a tester or a megaohmmeter, “call” the pickup of the harness and the marking of the wires is checked.
For a little 1.5. shows a diagram of the znahodzhennya kintsіv odnomennyh veins of the cable behind the auxiliary probe, yakscho ¾ one vein veiled the cable, for example, more thin or may be zabarvlennya. On the other end of the cable, the shukana lived with a lead wire behind an additional jumper, and on the nearest end of the cable, a fastener of a fixed test probe (crocodile fastener) connects with the front wire. Dali shearing probes the rest is alive docks do not identify themselves with a special rank (for example, a sound signal) control-and-wire device, connections to the probe through a rose. The presence of a sound signal is significant, that the lancer appeared from the known lived, that probe lived near the house. Like a return (visible) core of the probe, it can also be vikoristan wire sheathed cable or grounded structures.
Rice. 1.5. : 1 - cable; 2 - lived on the cable; 3 - lived in the house; 4 - shukana lived; 5 - jumper; 6 - crocodile grip; 7- shear (tip) of the probe; 8 - probe; 9 - roses; 10 - control and vimiryuvalne possession
Darts end up in the jug (shtirem or kіlts) fallow in the sight of their installation with electric outbuildings and devices. Bagatodrotyanі honey darts need to be soldered.
The harness is transferred to the panel of the drawer and the connection (installation) of the wires is connected to the fasteners and fittings and devices.
When installing accessories or devices on the doors of the wardrobe, the transition of the darts along the axis of the hinges from the non-destructive part to the soft part of the insert medium darts with bagatodrotovy gnuchki veins, which is called a gnuchka compensator.
Gnuchki compensators (Fig. 1.6) win in different ways.
In this way, you can install a set of fasteners, mount the compensators as shown in the little 1.6, and if you use flexible wires, you can use only a row of fasteners (the length of the jumper of the flexible fastener is not more than 250 mm). When vikoristanny slats (Fig. 1.6 b) all lances are taken from flexible wires. Compensators can be wired with single-core wires (Fig. 1.6, c, d), if you don’t often need to open doors, shards of darts in this way can be used not for bending, but for twisting. Bundles of wires of compensators, which are used for twisting, are recommended to be protected with a metal hose or a PVC tube. Wrap the dart out of the metal hoses or tubes around the dekilkom with balls of insulating stitch. Gnuchka z'ednannya at the sight of a harness, like a loop, it is guilty of a mother’s dozhin not less than 550 mm.
Rice. 1.6. : a - from the set-ups of the set-ups; b - with clamping strips; in - working on twisting; g - loop type
At installation of secondary lanyards on panels it is necessary to win such vimogi:
Lead the darts to the month of arrival by the shortest path;
Pragnut to least number crossing between streams of wires;
It follows that the streams of wires did not block access to the dials, the fittings and devices did not matter to their replacements;
Combine, if possible, into one stream of darts, which lie up to one or a group of similar devices;
Put darts in the lower ball with rich ball flows, the greatest distance from the set of zatskachiv devices and accessories;
Pick up darts in one row, closest one to one in the months of arrival to the apparatus;
Dotrimuvatisya of the same type of fastening and molding of the flow of wires;
Look at the darts until they lay down the stream, straighten them with a sweatshirt and wipe them with ganchirs, seeping with stearin or paraffin;
When molding, make sure that the flow of the wires is loose, which is due to the strong constriction of the bandages; put the darts in pots, schіlno and strictly parallel one to one; to eliminate the streams of darts after skin aggravation;
Make sure that the horizontal and vertical flows and the okremikh wires are allowed (the allowance is not more than 6 mm per 1 m of the length of the flow);
Turn over the crossroads and run through the main stream, and also turn the same way along the straight edge; give special respect to the first dart's wig, so that there is a turn of the whole stream according to the new shape.
8. After the completion of the installation, a quality control is carried out. At the same glance, the marking of wires according to the wiring diagram, the number of wires in the strum conductors, the lightness of their moon, the daytime of the day and the zabrudneniya of the insulation are reconsidered.
The mechanics of the soldering of the cores are checked with tweezers made of PVC tubes, which are tampered with on the other side. Zusillya tyazhennya vzdovzh os drotu may be but not more than 10 N. The pereginat drіt vіd mіstsya soldering is blocked. After the control of the soldering space, I solder farbuetsya through the color varnish. The correctness of the arrival of wires depends on the help of the tester.
The control is attacked in the attack: one tester's lancet is connected to the back of the conductor, directly which one is necessary to designate. We will wait until the end of the conductors, roztasovaniya in the other part of the apparatus or a complete outbuilding, for another visit of the tester. If the lantern appears as a closed conductor, the tester will show the minimum value of the support. Tse give the opportunity to perekonatis, scho tsey kіnets shukany.
Screenshots of management and distribution of energy series RUSM
Attachments of PKU series RUSM are used in industrial applications with high water content, sawnness, for the obviousness of chemically aggressive mediums and in advanced industrial installations.
virobnitstv. Type of grounding system electrical tethers, In which vikoristovuyutsya given pristroї, vіdpovidaє TN-C. See the climatic vikonannya - U; HL; T; accommodation categories - 5 and 1.
Boxes RUSM 5000 are designated for curing by asynchronous electric motors with a short-circuited rotor, which can be used in three-shaft, short-hour or repeated short-hour modes, in category AC3.
Drawers are classified according to the number of electric motors (1, 2 or 3), the ability to reverse, the ability to switch to automatic mode, the method of live lance control.
Added capacity of boxes in RUSM 5000, which rely on devices, which will be: short hum and shaving the phase.
Structurally, the RUSM is built like a metal box with a step protection IP54, of several standard sizes; hanging (for fastening on walls, columns and other similar structures) (Fig. 1.7) or sub-logic (with vicarious frame) hanging after the method of installation.
Rice. 1.7.
For the installation of complete selected shields (hinged chimney of a sub-logic visor), a frame is installed. Electric devices are installed both on the panel in the middle of the drawer, and on the first front cover, moreover, devices are installed on the front cover, which implement the functions of control and management - buttons, light signal fittings, jumpers, actuate the switches and thermal relays.
Structure mental cognition RUSM5 Х1Х2 Х3-ХХ47Х5-ХХ6УХЛ4 is indicated in Table 1.6, technical characteristics in Table 1.7.
Skrinka, IP54; M - upgrades |
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PKU class for recognition - management asynchronous motors with squirrel-cage rotor |
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Group in this class: 1 - control of non-reversible engines; 4 - turning with reversible engines |
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1 - automatic vimikach for leather feeder; 2 - hot automatic wimikach on all feeders; 3 - without automatic vimicach; 4 - automatic switch for leather feeder from industrial relay; 5 - hot automatic switch on all feeders from industrial relays; 6 - without automatic switch off from intermediate relay |
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0 – single-fed, without switching to automatic mode; 1 - single-feeder, with switching to automatic mode; 2 - single-feeder, without switching to automatic mode with contacts, I will switch to automatic switching; 3 - single-feeder, with switching to automatic mode, with additional contacts on automatic switching; 4 - dual-feeder, without switching to automatic mode; 5 – dual feeder, with switching to automatic mode; 6 - dual feeder, without switching to automatic mode, with additional contacts on automatic switching; 7 - dvofederny, with switching to automatic mode, with additional contacts on automatic switching; 8 - trifiderny, without switching to automatic mode; 9 - trifiderny, with switching to automatic mode |
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Vikonannya strumu (div. table. 1.7) |
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The voltage of the power lance 380 V |
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control voltage: 4 - 220 V, 7 - 380 V |
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For the presence of the 2nd, 3rd fideriv (for different stiffness of the engines that are connected) it is indicated їх vikonannya zgidno tables 1.7 |
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Screen type | Type index | Rated box strum, A | Adjustment range Inom thermal relay, BUT | |
The introduction/visitation of the ovnishnіh conductors is carried out through the stuffing boxes, stuffed to the beast and from the bottom of the box. As glands vicoristuyutsya universal cable insert from a flexible polymer, recognized for the introduction of cables of various diameters (the required diameter of the insertion is ensured by a cut of the gland at the required height). The opening diameter of one universal gland can be, for example, 4, 12, 14 and 20 mm.
The leather box is both internal and external grounding attachment.
Let's take a look at the robot of the circuit of keruvannya three-phase asynchronous electric motor to the drive of the rope-scraper installation type TSG for the auxiliary box of keruvannya RUSM 5415
Screeper installations for collecting pus from open passages of pus in case of unattached box-like urination of great-horned thinness TSG-170, TSG-250 (Fig. 1.8) are indicated for collecting pus
great horned leanness with severe pustules with unattached boxing morbid leanness.
The scraper is equipped with a number of working organs, which allow the extraction of pus from the butt, and from the middle of the application. Z'єdnannya lancet zdіysnyuєtsya for the help of happy lanok, which includes zastosuvannya zvaryuvannya when folding and changing the lancet in the process of exploitation.
Rice. 1.8. : 1 - lead; 2 - turning attachment; 3 - pozzun; 4 - lanceug; 5 - control panel
Schematic diagram of the primary controls of the control box, type RUSM5415, little 1.9.
The basic electrical circuit for controlling the rope-scraper installation for the auxiliary RUSM5415 (Fig. 1.10) can be removed from the circuit, directed to the little 1.9, after connecting to the secondary clamps power cable life of the electric motor and control cables;
Rope-scraper installation is controlled from two places: for additional buttons SB1 “Stop”, SB2 “Forward” and SB3 “Back”, for the doors of the carousel box located in the electrical panel, and also for the additional push-button station (buttons SB4 “Stop” » , SB5 “Forward” and SB6 “Back”), rolled on the wall of the barn, charged with an electric conveyor (Fig. 1.8).
To control the rope-scraper installation with an electrical switchboard, set the jumper SA at the “P” position - manually, when contacts (1-2) and (5-6) are switched. When pressing the button SB2, the voltage 220 is supplied through the closed contacts of the button SB1, the contacts (1-2) of the jumper SA, the open contact of the end switch SQ1 and the open contact of the thermal relay KK to the coil of the magnetic starter KM. The electric jet passes through the KM coil, creating a magnetic field, as it attracts the yakir to the core, and at the same time locks the head and auxiliary contacts of the KM launcher, which shunt the flickering contacts of the “Forward” button.
The voltage is applied to the windings of the electric motor M (div. Fig. 1.10) and it starts up, which is signaled by the HL4 lamp. The cable is wound on the drum and the first scraper is pulled in the purulent channel to the vivantage channel, and the other scraper is passed along the other channel to the other vivantage window at the exit position. So, like a scraper, the back wall hits, rot does not get ripped off during the turning move. Just like the first scraper, to take out the rot at the top, emphasis, attachments to the cable, the pressure of the last vimikach SQ1. Switching contact SQ1 opens the live coil of the starter KM1 and the engine starts.
Rice. 1.9. Principal diagram of the first locks of the keruvannya box type RUSM5415
Rice. 1.10. Principal electrical circuit for controlling the rope-scraper installation for auxiliary RUSM5415
Changing the direction of the wrapping of the rotor of the engine (reverse of the engine) is caused by pressing the “Back” button SB3. With whom electric strum, Flowing through the KM2 coil, the head and auxiliary contacts of the KM2 starter are switching, which shunt the switching contacts of the SB3 button. The voltage is applied to the windings of the electric motor (the HL3 lamp lights up), and when this happens, the wrapping of the magnetic field changes directly (the sequence of phases on the windings of the electric motor changes). Now another scraper transports the rot to another vivantageous vein, and if the veins fail at the vein, the other one presses on the terminal vimikach SQ2, roaming the contacts of which zupinayut dvigun. To turn on the engine, manually press the "Stop" button SB1.
Controlling the process of removing pus, sound immediately from the application of a barn. Set the switch SA on the RUSM doors at position "A" - it will automatically switch to button post SB4-SB6. The live on the coils KM1 and KM2, in this case, is supplied by pushing the SB5 “Forward” and SB6 “Back” buttons through the closed contacts (3-4), (7-8) of the SA jumper. Zupinka elektrodviguna zdіysnyuєtsya by the very same kіtsevy vimikachami, scho th in manual mode chi button SB4.
In order to prevent a short flicker between phases "B" and "C", with one-hour flickering of the head flicker contacts in the starters KM1 and KM2, in the design of the reversing starter, electrical blocking was transferred: modes
The scheme representing the baby 1.10 has been redone zahisne zanulennya vikonan z'ednannya iz zahisnim conductor PE to the body of the electric motor. In your hell zahisny guide in front of the grounded neutral of the transformer. In the event of a breakdown of the insulation of the electric motor or the cable to the case, the circuit has a short-circuit mode (through the “phase-case-zero” loop, a short-circuit streak is passed). Blame the short-circuit mode to bring it to work electromagnetic blower QF automatic vimic, and QF is optionally turned on. Spratsyuvannya automatic vimikacha znestrum the entire scheme.
Accommodation planning electrical wiring at the occupied and serious zavdannya, in the accuracy and correctness of the vikonannya, which lie like a distant installation and the level of safety of people who are located on this territory. So that the electrical wiring was placed properly and competently, it is necessary to fold the report plan forward.
Vіn є to armchairs, vikonanim z dotrimannya of the opposite scale, it is possible to plan the life, which shows the expansion of all the nodes of the electrical wiring and the main її elements, such as a rozpodіlnі group and one-line. principle diagram. Only after the fact that the armchair is folded can we talk about the connection of electricity.
However, it is important not only the mother in order to order such an armchair, requiring the mind to read it. The skin of a person, as it can be right with robots, which convey the need for electrical installation, is guilty of orienting in mental images on the diagram, which means different elements of electrical installation. The stench may be looking at the singing symbols and their revenge on the practical skin of the electrical circuit.
But today it’s not about those how to create a plan for a scheme, but about those that are shown on it. I will say once again folding elements, such as resistors, automatics, knife switches, jumpers, relays, moving thinly. we will not look at it, but we will look at those elements as they grow up, whether they are people today. designation of sockets and vimikachiv on armchairs. I think it will be ok for everyone.
What documents are regulated by the designation
Expanded for radio hours DSTU clearly indicate the visibility on the diagram and in the design documentation of the elements of the electric lance to the same inserted graphic symbols. It is necessary for the maintenance of critically accepted records in order to remove information about the design of the electrical system.
The role of graphic designations is played by elementary geometric figures: squares, stakes, rectangles, points and lines. At various standard standards, the number of elements is considered to be warehouses of electrical appliances, machines and mechanisms, which are stagnant in modern electrical engineering, as well as the principles of their management.
Often blamed on natural nutrition normative document, which regulates all the principles of the method and encouragement of smart graphic images of electrical wiring and wiring on the wiring diagrams is indicated by GOST 21.614-88 "Images of smart graphics of electrical wiring and wiring on the plans." From the new one you can recognize how sockets and symbols are indicated on electrical diagrams.
Designation of sockets on the diagram
Normative technical documentation give a specific description of the socket electrical circuits. Її zagalny schematic look є pіvkolo, vіd opukloї part of what uphill to go between, її old look This indicates the type of outlet. One rice is a bipolar socket, two are double bipolar, three, as you can see, are a tripolar socket.
Similar sockets are characterized by a degree of protection in the range of IP20 - IP23. The presence of grounding is indicated on the diagrams by a flat boundary, parallel to the center of the half of the stake, which shows the designation of all sockets in critical installations.
As soon as the installation is attached, the schematic images of the sockets are changed for the help of adding one more rice in the central part of the pivkol. Vaughn can go straight from the center to the boundary, which indicates the number of poles of the socket.
The sockets themselves, when they are embedded in the wall, the riven їх їху від від віву vologa, and the saw is in the induced range (IP20 - IP23). The wall does not become unsafe, the shards of all the parts that carry out the strum are nadily attached to it.
On some diagrams of the designation of sockets, a black pivkol can be seen. Tse vologost_yk_ sockets, r_ven zakhistu okolonka yak IP 44 - IP55. It is allowed to install outdoors on the surfaces of buildings that go out onto the street. In living quarters, such sockets are installed in water and other common quarters, for example, bathrooms and showers.
Significance of symbols on electrical diagrams
All types of vimikachiv can be schematically depicted at the sight of a stake at the boundary near the upper part. Kolo with rice, to avenge the hook on the kіnci, designates a one-key switch for lighting the installation(step zakhistu IP20 - IP23). Two gachkas on the kіntsi risochka mean a two-clave vimikach, three - a triclavish one.
Yakscho on schematic representation vimikacha above the rice should be placed perpendicular to the line, go about vimikachi attached installation(step zakhistu IP20 - IP23). One line - vimikach is unipolar, two - bipolar, three - tripolar.
The stake of the black color designates the water-resistant vimikach of the installation (the step of protection is IP44 - IP55).
The circle, which intersects with the line with risks at the ends, is fixed for the image on the electrical circuits of passing switches (changers) from two positions (IP20 - IP23). The image of a single-pole jumper is a mirror image of two standard ones. Water-resistant switches (IP44 - IP55) are shown on the diagrams near a stuffed stake.
How is the block of vimics indicated from the socket
To save time, and with the method of layout, a socket with a vimikach or a kіlka of sockets and a vimikach is installed in the central block. Surely, there were a lot of such blocks. Take accommodation switching devices It’s more convenient, because you are in one place, when installing electrical wiring, you can protect it on the gates (wire on the vimikach and the sockets are laid in one gate).
Zagalom, the arrangement of blocks can be whatever and everything, as it seems, can be laid down according to your imagination. You can install a block of vimics from a socket, a sprat of vimics or a sprat of sockets. You can’t look at these articles in such blocks, I just don’t have the right to.
Otzhe, the first block is the Wimikach socket. Signature of the attached installation.
Other foldable, block foldable one-key vimikach, two-key switch and grounded sockets.
The rest of the designation of sockets and switches in the electrical circuits is shown in the block that looks like two switches and this socket.
For the sharpness of ideas, there is only one small butt, choose (create) be-like a combination. Once again I repeat everything to lie in your imagination).
