If any electrician is guilty of nobility, how to carry out a re-roofing of the cable, and navіt, navіscho shy. This is one of the basic ambushes.

On this day, there is a sprat of ways to cut through the drota. The most common way for an electrician to win is the method of rozrahunka for exhaustion. To the very food and will be dedicated to our today's article.

New billing needs

For people who didn’t work closely with electricity and laying wires, they don’t understand how important it is for those who work and the correct cut of the wire. Aje tse is an even more important aspect. Such importance of power supply is explained by the fact that whether a wire or a cable is a conductive element for rozpodіlu and supply stream, which is connected to electric appliances. Absolutely all electrical appliances (lamps, computers, electric stoves, etc.) are connected to help, as they may vary in intensity and technical characteristics.

Seen at the booth

At the link with such a high demand for wires, the rozrokhunok їх peretina is simply necessary for a dependable supply of a steady surge of electrical energy to various fittings. When tsimu rizik viniknennya nebezpek is guilty of buti as much as possible to zero. Such situations can be vindicated through constant contact with the strum. Even if the repair of the necessary re-cutting of the cable was not carried out, and there may be a small re-cutting, which would ensure adequate functioning of the electrical appliances in the required facilities, until the cable was heated up. As a result of which, from time to time, there will be a full collapse of the zahisnoy isolation virobu, and the risk will appear short hum also move forward with the skin of the past day.
Like Bachimo, it’s not enough to choose the wrong type of repercussion, which can lead to the next consequences:

• fit often lamayutsya, not having served the whole term, insertion by a picker;
• suttєvo zbіshuєtsya risik zagoryannya drotu through a short zamikannya;

Short flicker cable

• lowering the term for the service of the electrical wiring itself;
• high risk of burning wiring;
• risik otrimannya human electrical injury

Get respect! Correct choice pererіz cables, scho zastosovuyutsya in the booth or other premises, obov'yazykovoy part of the electrical safety and fire safety of the room.

It’s not possible for that to be saved there, if there will be more than a misfortune. And if there is a negative situation, the situation for the repair of equipment and the replacement of wiring will have to be spent more and more, lower the cost of the dart with the necessary peretina!

Chinniki, what to pour into rozrahunok

Due to the importance of rozrahunkіv schodo nebhіdnogo reparіzu for wires it is necessary to insure a number of parametrіv:

• obov'yazkovo slid vrakhovuvat zagalnu kіlkіst elektropriladіv, yakі will be placed at the boundaries of a particular apartment;

Electrical engineering at the place of residence

• zagalne spozhivane navantazhennya priladіv. When tsmu in rozrahunkah tsey parameter can be taken with a small margin;
• total exhaustion of electrical appliances that function at the booth;
• choose a method, for the help of which you need to cut the cut of the darts.

Get respect! To calculate this parameter, you can use different methods that go.

In all skins, one of the listing points plays a significant role and in rozrahunka you can’t do without them. Also, the next signify that the oskilki are mathematically calculated, then the last figure should be re-verified once for the inclusion of a pardon.
Obviously, the skin of a mathematical rozrahunok may have a small part of the mistake, which is why it operates with non-standardized values. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary to round off the larger or smaller side in order to know the cable of the required cut.
If you go to the rozrahunka negligently, then you can call out the inaccuracy, if at least you will appear in the burnt technology or the wire, and as a maximum - bring it to the fire.

Chinniki, what to put on the heating cable

The role of the conductor of electricity plays a great role in the appointed necessary resection of the drota. Tom Danish type rozrahunka obov'yazkovo can be taken to respect this parameter. Otherwise it is impossible to get overheated cable. The following factors can be added to the process of heating wires:

• they lived on the crossroads. Here it is necessary to understand that the more will be the threshing of the darts, the strum of the greater values ​​of the wines can be passed through yourself in the safe mode;

Get respect! There are two ways to fix a cable break: just use a caliper or look at yoga markings.

Cable brands

• what the cable is made of. Selecting a wire for connecting to a new electrical appliance, or as a wiring element, you need to remember that you can use a smaller opir. Why is it so obvious that such darts will be heated much more, for example, aluminum analogs.
• type of wiring harness. A single cable, which goes at the conductor, must be passed through itself through the strum of the highest value, lower at parallel gasket with a solution of wires;
• viscous gasket type. When the wired elements are placed near the pipe, the stench will heat up much faster, lower if the wiring is different. Why is it due to the fact that the remaining option will lead to more efficient cooling;

Vіdkrit conducted

• insulation quality. Insulation material, as well as її akіst is directly injected into the temperature range, which is a kind of building vitrimuvat wire with a singing peretina.

Like a bachimo, not only the cable itself, but the th th rotting can be added to the heating of the conductor, so, by the way, rozrahunki were not carried out, otherwise there were pardons, leading to negative consequences. To that rozrahunki perezarіzu owe obov'yazkovo vrakhovuvat factori nagrіvannya.

How to spend a rozrahunok

One of the options for estimating the exact value of the cut of darts is the method of calculating what is carried out for the effort.
Get respect! Rozrahunok spritimetsya on those scho cable vykonaniy z midi. Why is it due to the fact that according to the rules of the PUE, what to work on this day, in the apartments, the conductors for the stream for aluminum do not get stuck.

Medium darts

PES table

Vykoristovuyuchi method rozrahunistu for tension, you will need to cheer up, as the exact number of fittings will be placed in the place, and also calculate the tension that you will be comfortable with, when they are included in one line in the measure.
The variant of the rozrahunka may look like this (butt):

• in a situation where you need to ask electric oven and micro-furnaces, which have an intensity of 120 W, then their total (total) intensity is 4200 W;
• let it be necessary to calculate the strength of the struma, which is in this measure. Here the victorious formula is J = 4200/220. Having divided the total tension of the fittings on the tension of the wire, mi matimemo 19 A.

If you have calculated the strength of the strum in the measure, you can speed up the offensive table of PEU, so that you can calculate the required cut for the dart.

As can be seen from the table, in our situation we need a cable with a 1.5 mm tie. sq.
Get respect! The tables have the minimum parameter. To that, in order to save the heating of the strum conductor, it is recommended to take the peretin from the reserve.
The table is as close as possible to the known value - 2.5 mm. Such a reserve will allow you to connect, if necessary, additional accessories, without raising the risk of overheating of wires.
The margin can be calculated mathematically. For which it is necessary to calculate the total tension in the result, multiply the value by the one-hour coefficient. The main coefficient is 1.2. The next step is to virahuvat the strength of the strum for the guidance of a higher algorithm.

Significantly more accurate value for contraction of tension

In order to carry out an accurate rozrahunok for the purpose of re-cutting the dart behind such a parameter as tightness, it is necessary to use the information about those, like the adjustment of the struma є at the fittings for the average pooper.

Get respect! Getting down to the exact calculation, the next thing to remember is the one who has an average value in the accessories. To that, up to the figure, as indicated on the electric appliance, it is necessary to add approximately 5% of the total.

Do not forget that the inclusion of devices can be done both at once, and one by one. If you don’t transfer anything, then one hour turning on, say, a refrigerator, a micro-furnace and spotlights in the lead to a serious overheating of cables (especially when turned on trivially). Here, the analogy is entirely acceptable, if you immediately turn on a sprig of electrical appliances in one outlet.

Outlet rewired with accessories

• for single-phase mesh it is necessary to develop tension according to the formula Р= 220*I*1.3;
• for three-phase mesh- P \u003d √3 * 380 * I * 1.3.

Zavdyaki such an accurate rozrahunka, you can required overtime cable, as well as vrahuvat all the nuances and possibilities.

Yak buti with attached wiring

In our house, regardless of the large number of electrical engineering, the darts do not roll around on the ground and do not hang from the walls. Aje, we have wiring attached to the booth. For її organіzatsії also sled razrahuvati pererіz dartіv. Only at times the stock needs to be increased not so by 5%, but by 20–30%. Such an increase in value is wised up for attached holding characteristically more heating through masking її in pipes and under the work.

Get respect! In a situation where there is one strum line, the stock needs to be increased by 35-40%.

Tse allow zapobіgti supermundane heating of conductors and reduce the risk of a short chime.
Yak bachimo, with robots electrical cables it is necessary to protect the nairiznomanіtnіshі officials. Aje alone, the smallest one, would have been given, an insignificant nuance, deprivation without respect, can lead to a real disaster.

Visnovok

It is necessary to create a calmness in a house that is comfortable for yourself and it is necessary at the planning stage, including wiring. This is the most important part of the booth, in view of which your security is lying down without a middle. Moreover, one of the most important parameters, scho vymagayut sawing respect, є correct rozrahunok and choose to cut the dart. Vykoristovuyuchi method of charging for the intensity of electrical appliances that are connected, and just choose the cable option that suits your apartment.

Conductor's collar for the exhaust and strum for electrical wiring in the apartment

Electrical installation robots - foldable late return. If your qualifications are enough, to do the electrical wiring in the apartment with your own hands, you need fawn over. If not, then hurry up with the services of specialists in electrical work. Later, let's talk about the choice of cutting darts along the struma and tightness in detail.

Rozrahunok to increase the maximum demand for electrical wiring

The correct re-roofing of wires for tension and strum is important for the mind of an uninterrupted and trouble-free operation of the electrical system. Open up the head of the cob Dozhina electrical wiring. The first way is to measure between shields, switches and sockets on the wiring diagram, multiplying the number by the scale. Another way is to assign a dovzhina for a month, de-designed electrical wiring. Vaughn includes all the darts, install that installation cables at the same time from the fastenings, which are supported by those with their own constructions. It is necessary to move the leather upholstery by at least 1 cm to fix the wires.

Dali razrakhovuєtsya zagalne vantazhennia spozhivannoї elektroenergії. The sum of the nominal pressures of all electrical appliances, which are practical at home (* div. table for example statistics). For example, as in the kitchen, an electric kettle, electric stove, micro-furnace oven, lamps are turned on at the same time, dishwasher the sum of the tightness of all fittings and multiplied by 0.75 (one-hour coefficient). Rozrahunok navantazhennya is to blame for the mother's reserve of superstition and morality. Memorize this number for the designation of the wire core.

Independently design the strum, whether there is an electrical appliance that you can use, the formula is simpler. Distribute the tension (div. instruction to attach) to the voltage in the gauge (220 V). For example, for a passport cleaning machines 2000 W; 2000/220 = maximum strum per hour of work and not exceed 9.1A.

The second option is to follow the recommendations of the PUE (Rules for the construction of electrical installations), for which the standard apartment electrical wiring with a three-dimensional voltage of 25A is covered for the maximum stream of cooling, middle dart peretina 5mm2. According to the PUE peretin, they could live no less than 2.5 mm 2, which corresponds to the conductor diameter of 1.8 mm.

On such a strum, that zahisny machine on the introduction of wires at the apartment to prevent accidents. Vikoristovuetsya at the living booths single-phase strum voltage 220 V. The power supply is divisible by the amount of voltage (220 V) input cable that automatic. It is necessary to buy the automatic machine with exact or close parameters, with a reserve of streum supply.

Select cable for electrical wiring near the apartment

* Table of reduced tension and struma
by butovy electric appliances at a voltage of 220V

Pobutovy electric appliance	Intensity, which vikoristovuetsya in the fallow in the model of the electric appliance, kW (BA)	Goodbye strum, A	Note
Roasting lamp
electric kettle			Hour of non-stop work up to 5 minutes
electric stove			In case of tension over 2 kV, an okrema wiring is required
Microhvilov pich
Elektrom'jacutter
kavomolka			Under the hour of work in the fallow, the prospect of the situation of the strum is changing
kavovarka
Electric oven			Working hour and maximum strum decreases periodically
dishwasher
Cleaning machine			The maximum strum decreases from the moment it is turned on until the water is heated
			Working hour and maximum strum decreases periodically
			Under the hour of work in the fallow, the prospect of the situation of the strum is changing
Stationary computer			Working hour and maximum strum decreases periodically
Power tool (drill, jigsaw toshcho)			Under the hour of work in the fallow, the prospect of the situation of the strum is changing

In today's technological world, electrics have practically become one equal in importance to water and water. Zastosovuetsya out of the practical be-yakіy sphere human activity. It turned out to be so clear, like an electrician in the distant 1600s, if we knew more about the electrician than the ancient Greeks. A year later, it began to expand wider, and as soon as 1920, it began to turn out the extinguished lamps from lighting the street. From that hour, the electric strum began to expand rapidly, and at the same time to wind up at the most deaf village as a minimum, illuminating the booths and for communication by telephone.

Electricity itself is a stream of directing charges that are rushing through the conductor. The conductor is the speech of the zdatna to pass through itself the qi of the electric charge itself, but at the skin conductor є opir(Crimea of ​​the so-called superconductors, opir at superconductors is zero, such a camp can be reached for a lower temperature down to -273.4 degrees Celsius).

Ale, in the wake of the overhead conductors, obviously, still not, that one will not appear on an industrial scale soon. In everyday life, as a rule, the strum is passed through the darts, and as a rule, the vein is vicorated mainly medni or aluminum darts. Copper and aluminum are popular with us, for the sake of their power of conduction, yak electrical support, and also through cheapness, porіvnyano, for example, from gold or silver.

How to cut in the cuts of medium and aluminum cables for wiring?

Tsya article is recognized to teach you how to rozrahuvati retin drot. If you want more water and want to pay, then you need a pipe with a larger diameter. So here, the more peace electric struma, more can be used to cut cables and droids. I will briefly describe what it is like: if you bite the cable or wire, and look at the new end, then you will sing it, then you will be thrashed, as if it means tightness, if you skip the building wire, heating it up to an acceptable temperature.

In order to correctly pick up the power dart to us it is necessary to protect the maximum value of the slowed down pressure of the struma. It is possible to determine the value of the struma, knowing the passport tension of the slower one, depending on the following formula: I = P / 220, de P - the tension of the slower struma, and 220 - the total number of volts at your outlet. If it’s a 110 or 380 volt socket, then it’s the same value.

It is important to know that the rozrahunok value for single-phase and three-phase merezh is considered. In order to recognize the number of phases of the merger, you need to, you need to recover the total amount of money spent on your dwelling. We will guide the butt of the average set of equipment, as you can be in your home.

A simple butt to cut through the cable behind the slow strum, it’s countable at a time the amount of tensions of electrical appliances that are connected. The main comforts of an average apartment are the following:

• TV - 160 W
• Refrigerator - 300 W
• Lighting - 500 W
• Personal computer - 550 W
• Pilosos – 600 W
• HF-p_ch - 700 W
• Electric kettle - 1150 W
• Praska - 1750 W
• Boiler (water heater) - 1950 W
• Cleaning machine - 2650 W
• Usogo 10310 W = 10.3 kW.

If we have recognized the seriousness of the electrician, we can use the formula to loosen the core for the normal functioning of the wiring. It is important to remember what for single-phase and three-phase lines, the formulas will be different.

Rozrahunok peretina drota for merezhi with one phase (single-phase)

Rozrahunok pererazu drota zdiisnyuєtsya for the help of an offensive formula:

I = (P × K i) / (U × cos (φ))

I- struma strength;

• P- Exhaustion of all saving energy in the sum
• K i- Coefficient of one-hour, as a rule, for rozrakhunkiv accepted value of 0.75
• U- phase voltage, yak to become 220V, but it can also be fluctuating between 210V and 240V.
• cos(φ)- for single-phase single-phase fittings, the value has become, and more 1.

If we know the tightness of the strum for the formula, you can start choosing a cable, which is suitable for us for exhaustion. More precisely, yogo area is cut. Below is a special table in the given data, showing the size of the struma, cutting the cable and reducing the tension.

Data can be different for wires made from different metals. Today, for stasis at residential premises, as a rule, copper, hard cable is used. The aluminum cable is practically not stuck. But all the same, in the bagats of old booths, the aluminum cable is still present.

Table of cable tightness with a strum. Choosing to cut the copper cable is subject to the following parameters:

We will also guide the table for the rozrahunka of the stunned strum aluminum cable:

As the meaning of tightness was in the middle between two ostentatious people, it is necessary to choose the meaning of cutting the dart on the larger side. Oskіlki supply of tension may be present.

Rozrahunok peretina merezhi with three phases (three-phase)

And now let's take a look at the formula for the crossover of the dart for three-phase merezh.

For the rozrahunka to cut the cable, life is speeded up by the offensive formula:

I = P / (√3 × U × cos(φ))

• I- the force of the struma, for which the area around the cable is vibrated
• U- phase voltage, 220V
• Cos φ - cut zsuvu phases
• P- show the overall performance of all electrical appliances

Cos φ- at the suggestion of the formula, it is even more important, the shards especially infuse the force of the strum. Vіn vіdіznyаєєєєєє for raznogo obladnannya, with this parameter you can most often get acquainted with technical documentation, or in respect of markings on the body.

It’s easier to know the hardness of tension, we assume the meaning of all indications of tension, and the best number that happened in the roses.

The most important feature in the three-phase area is those that have the most thin wire of the building and the greatest interest. We pick up the necessary crossover for us, for the table below.

Rozrahunok crossed the droth along the slow strum, which stagnates in the three-phase measure, vicorizes from the stagnation of such a magnitude as √3 . Cost of meaning needed for forgiveness sane looking the formula itself:

U linear = √3 × U phase

In this rank, if necessary, the replacement of the root and phase voltage is replaced by line voltage. Tsya value is 380V (U linear = 380V).

Understanding the Trival Struma

So one is not less important moment when choosing a cable for three-phase and single-phase lines, it is necessary to be sure that it sounds like an acceptable three-phase stream. This parameter shows the strength of the struma in the cable, so that you can see how long it takes for an uncircumcised amount of time. You can assign it to a special table. Also for aluminum middle conductors stink signifi- cantly.

If this parameter exceeds the allowable value, the overheating of the explorer will start. The heating temperature is wrapped in proportion to the force of the jet.

The temperature on some plots may increase not only through the wire, but with bad contact. For example, at the mist twisted wires. Such dosit is often used at the contact point of medium cables and aluminum. At the bond with zim, the surface of the metal is oxidized, curving with oxide melting, which further worsens the contact. In such a place, the cable heats up more than the permissible temperature.

If we have completed all the repairs, and looked at the data from the table, you can boldly go to a specialty store and buy the necessary cables for laying the wire at home or in the country. Your pride in front of, for example, your judge will be in the fact that you given food for the help of our stats, you will save a bunch of pennies, not overpaying for those that you want to sell the store. That and know about those, how to loosen up the struma for the middle ones aluminum wires in no case will we take it, and I am convinced that knowledge, taken away from us, will be needed more than once on your life path.

For the correct and safe installation of cables for carrying out the binding, it is necessary to grind the front opening of the transmission of pressure relief. Nevikonannya could not pick up a cable span, which is twisted for wiring, can be brought to the melting of the insulation that is burned.

Rozrahunok pererazu cable for singing system of electrical wiring can be divided into sprat stages:

1. breakdown of energy savings for groups;
2. designation of the maximum struma of the skin segment;
3. choose to cut the cable.

All electrical appliances, which can be accommodated, should be divided into sprat groups so that the total intensity of contraction by one group was not approximately 2.5-3 kW. Tse allow to pick up a mid-range cable with a crossover no more than 2.5 sq. m. mm. The tension of the main butt fittings pointed at Table 1.

Table 1

Spazhivachі, united in one group, owing to territory approximately in one place, skіlki stinks are connected to one cable. If the whole object, which is connected, lives in a single-phase border, then the number of groups and rozpodil spozhivachiv do not play the original role.

Todi vіdsotok razbіzhnosti can be razrahuvat for such a formula \u003d 100% - (Pmin/Pmax*100%), de Pmax - maximum total tension that falls on one phase, Pmin - minimum total tension that falls on one phase. The smaller the number of tensions, the better.

Rozrahunok maximum struma of the skin group of patients

In addition, as for the skin group, the tightness was found to be reduced, it is possible to loosen the maximum strum. p align="justify"> Coefficient of potency (Kc) is better to take it as equal to 1, so it doesn't turn off all the items in the same group at the same time (for example, you can turn on all the items at the same time, which can be included up to one group). The same formulas for single-phase and three-phase lines may look like:

Icalc = Pcalc / (Unom * cosφ)
for a single-phase line, for which the voltage in the line is 220 V,

Icalc = Pcalc / (√3 * Unom * cosφ)
for a three-phase rail, the voltage at the rail is 380 V.

When installing electrical wiring in the rest of the decade, the popularity of the nabuv method with victories is especially popular. This is explained by the whole set of authorities, yakі maє corrugated pipe, ale z tim, for an hour of work with her, it is necessary to finish the singing rules.

Often it is possible to understand both theoretically and practically the terms z'ednannya tricutnik and zirkoy, voltage phase and linearity - to learn from that vіdmіnnosti help cicava.

The value of the cosine for the butt fittings and the illumination by the heating lamps is taken equal to 1 for light-emitting lighting- 0.95, for luminescent lighting - 0.92. For a group є arithmetic mean cosine. It is important to lay it down depending on what cosine is attached, which reduces the most tension in this group. In this rank, knowing the strumi on all the lines of the wiring, you can choose a choice of wires and cables.

Pulling the cable for tension

With the given values ​​of the maximum rozrachunk streak, you can proceed to the selection of cables. It is possible to work in two ways, but the simplest is to use the necessary cable rethreading for tabular data. The parameters for the selection of copper and aluminum cables are given in the tables below.

Table 2

When planning electrical wiring, it is important to choose cables from one material. The construction of copper and aluminum wires with extreme twisting is blocked by the rules fire safety, Oskіlki at coliving temperatures and metal expand in a different way, so that the gaps between the contacts and the vision of heat are made to close. What is the reason for the need to connect cables different materials, That is the best speed to be specially recognized for this cleme.

Video with formulas for rozrahun cable

"Company TOV "ІEK" is recruiting additional specialists/managers for the sale of cable products. [email protected]іz sign "Summary".

When choosing a cable, which ensures the safety of electricity, it is necessary to pay attention to different sizes, and also carry out re-roofing of the cable along strumovo vanity that rozrahunok for yogo pererizom. It is necessary to know those who need to ensure safety and reliability, it is important to take such a value to respect and such a value, like a dozhina of the skin element on the line or all the lines on the top. All current electrical appliances are operated at the same limit values, for example, from 185 to 240 Volts. That is why it is necessary to use the voltage, as if it were tied with a dovzhina, so as not to take away the voltage of a smaller indicator on the end of the line, the lower one is necessary for the external technique. If the voltage is changed more, or lower than the boundary, then it will not be possible to use the extension, otherwise the stench can go out of tune. Tom, spending everything necessary rosrahunki I’ll cross the dart for a long time yakіsnoї roboti systems.

In some areas, there is a roiling of the cable behind the dozhina?

1) In the butt minds, such a roar is necessary for the preparation of the great winds. In other situations, such roses are not needed. The length of the line in this type of fall is small and the loss of voltage is not expected, otherwise there will be a small floor, which you can not take to the point of respect. One thing, a reminder of those who, when laying a line, need to leave a margin of up to 15 centimeters from the skin side for zvaryuvannya, soldering or crimping. The ends of the cable, as they will be included in the switchboard, should also be laid out of stock, so that you can easily switch on the automatic control and install neatly in the middle of the shield. At the butt heads, when laying the cable, points are placed for rotting sockets, vimics, electric switches and other "points". For additional roulette, it is necessary to measure the necessary length of the cable from the reserve and only then we will try to break the cable. Vіn creak to the wall vіdpovіdno to the standards that Wimogami PUE. If installers can work with partners, then they can lay and fasten the cable without freezing on the cob of work, overnight on the surface of the vimikacha to the socket, etc.

2) At the industrial branch, the construction of the electricity pipeline will be carried out for another hour of folding the project. The data of the rozrahunka are necessary to maintain the obov'yazykovo order, as if the cable was transmitting trival and sutti vantazhennya. Mustache guides songs of power that is the size of the support of the strum, which causes the use of an electric strum when vikoristanni. To the value of the support, add such factors as the conductor’s cut (which is smaller, more cost), the material of the conductor is that yogo dozhin (the larger the parameter, tim spend more). Zavdyaks to whom it became clear why in the conductors a drop in voltage can be guarded, as a more valuable struma, multiplied by the value of the support of the conductor. Irrespective of the price, the magnitude of the voltage drop is generally acceptable, and it is not more than 5% to blame. Still, it is necessary to choose a conductor with a great border.