You can find a conductor of honey. Advantages and shortcomings of aluminum wiring

Only two metals - copper and aluminum were widely known as conductors electric struma. Your victoriousness at this quality is obumovlyuєtsya with a complex of physical powers of the metals themselves at that cost.

Physical bases of electric strum ducting in conductors

As per physics, electric strum - ce ordering ruh electric charges at the conductor under the action of the forces of the electric field. When electric charges are moved at the conductor, stinks are emitted, because they are estimated by the magnitude of the electric support and are measured in ohms (Ohm).

The electrical bearing for cylindrical conductors is defined by the formula r=ρ *l/s, de r - electrical bearing of the conductor, Ohm, ρ - electrical bearing of the conductor material, Ohm*mm2/m, l - conductor length, m, s - area of ​​the cross section conductor, mm 2

Therefore, in electrical engineering for the preparation of wires, materials with a low value are used. support(copper, aluminum, steel).

For example: Pytomy opir midi - 0.0175 ohm * mm 2 / m, pitomy opir aluminum - 0.0294 ohm * mm 2 / m

The replacement of an electric support r vicorist has a turning value - conductivity g = 1/r, and the replacement of an electric support - a conductivity of γ = 1/ρ. Electrical conductivity is measured in siemens.

When moving electric charges at the conductor, the electric opir caused the heating of the conductor. Tse heating є shkіdlivim і, pіd hour of exploitation of the conductor, mає buti zamezhene, with the improvement of the physical authorities of the conductor and the class of isolation.

The temperature of the conductor with a stream that has settled down, lie in the thickness of the stream, as it depends on the formula: δ \u003d I / s, where δ is the thickness of the stream, a / mm 2, I is the size of the stream, and s is the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe cross section of the conductor, mm 2

What is more viable to zastosovuvaty like electric darts - copper or aluminum?

Given the gradual review of the trends in the growth of aluminum and midi in the XXth and early XXIst century, it is obvious that the aluminum growth is higher, lower midi. This retail is especially remembered for the beginning of the 21st century. In 2006, the price of midi on the London Metal Exchange was $8,500/ton, and that of aluminum was $2,500/ton. The price is due to the improvement and improvement of aluminum production, for affordable and inexpensive syrovina for the production of cable products, yak, at the end product, to become 25%.

For midi - the situation is different. Mineral ore stocks are dwindling, instead of mid-ore ore is falling, new genera are broken on metal and more folded at yogo winding. In addition, the genera are geographically more importantly accessible. To that, vitrati on syrovin at the varnosti of the final product, it is necessary to become over 50% and still grow.

The price trends do not change, as the dynamics of prices is equal, but the changes are not transferred. All the same, it seems to be the cost of vikoristannya aluminum.

Science and її promyslov zastosuvannya are still inaccessible for light practice. At the light of that, the electrical conductivity of aluminum is lower, lower at midi, over aluminum rod And, also yogo obsjag, due to the larger lower ones in the mid, moreover, the diameter of the aluminum rod, for the same thickness of the struma, is to blame but more lower than the mid one by 25%.

However, the zbіlshennya obyagu, and also the masses of aluminum drota, are leveled by a low thickness of metal (2.7 t / m 3 - aluminum, 8.9 t / m 3 - mid). To that mass of aluminum dart, for tієї zhіlnostі strumu, vtrychі mensha for medny.

However, I will win by weight, when the aluminum core is blocked, I can’t replace the copper one, through the help of SNIPu. For example, the mass of midi at the laying of wires and cables, at the panels of a modern three-room apartment, becomes 10 kg. The weight of a three-wire cable with a length of 1000 meters for a VVG (medium) cable with a span of 1.5 mm 2 becomes 93 kg, and the weight of an equivalent cable AVVG (aluminum) with a span of 2.5 mm 2 becomes 101 kg. Vіgoda vіd zastosuvannya aluminum wires get out through a lot less prices on aluminum.

For the current prices, the cost of aluminum wires at the kіlka razіv vіdnіshe, nizh midnyh!

For high-voltage lines and suspended cable systems, aluminum has been used for a long time. ale in insulated darts zbіlshennya diameter lived will require zbіlshennya vitrati cable PVC plastic compound, the price of which (1800 dollars / ton) is approaching the price of aluminum. Chim thin lived droti, tim more povnyalni vytrati for electrical insulation, and vygodi in the transition from midi to aluminum - lower. Prote, for current prices, savings all the same come out significant!

Designers, architects, electricians are guilty of helping to improve the timing of the installation of aluminum darts on the eve of the new life. Tse allow zastosovuvaty vigidny, but laborious aluminum when wiring in panels and piping to the points of outward navigation (sockets and vimikachi), which will give significant savings.

Aluminum winding darts, can, with good fortune, stagnate with the choice of low-power transformers, electric motors and other electrical machines.

It is all about designating the great drink on aluminum on the light market and the victoria of "cryled metal" on earth.

What do you think about which drive? Leave your comment to the article!

When passing through the struma, the cable needs to spend energy. Tsі vtrati vrazhayutsya like heating the wires themselves and viklikanі support elektronіv protіkannu struma wires. What is the smallest internal support for the cable, which can be transferred to more tightness. The smallest opir may superconductor, but on today's day technical minds wine is not suitable. Let's step into the middle of metals with a small support somewhere, albeit on the road, the most acceptable are copper and aluminum.

Aluminium - light metal, cheaper for mid, scarlet and light with a higher internal support. The Radyansk Union had more internal treads stretched out with aluminum, the logic of the designers was reasonable - cheaply and once they plastered and hovered at the wall, then there were no everyday problems from further operation, about grounding butt fittings they didn’t hesitate.

With the development of electronics in far abroad, accessories and equipment began to reach us, which would require great electrical pressure. With this, the norms began to change and the rules for laying the electricity supply line. Now, few people are using electric power supply to the booth with duralumin wires. All pragmat lay the same copper cable, ditch everything in the wall, or pack all the electrics in steel pipes. There are a lot of options.

The essence of the choice of darts is that you do not overpay and do not waste the good, as you prove the reliability of the electric supply of the booth. The wires and cables are covered with insulation balls. At the wires, there were metal and plastic coverings, and on the cables there were many interlacing wires and a ball of protective shell.

The strum, flowing through the dart, heats yoga. The melting temperature of aluminum and midi is high. For example, medniy drіt with a diameter of 1.16 mm to melt, as if it were to pass a stream of 100 amperes, then as a wire with a diameter of 1.13 mm - less than 15 amperes. It is explained that the plastic insulation of the core melts when the core is heated above 65°C. Also, if you choose to cut the wires, it is necessary to carry out the cable, depending on the temperature of heating the wire with a trivalent strum.

When choosing a dart, it is easier to go from the diameter of the dart to the size of the square cross section of the dart. Conducting at your own cut is not obov'yazkovo є stake, so the wine itself can be a square and a rectangle and wind a tricut. In case of a triangular resection of the dart, it is important to designate the diameter, so it is customary to consider the dart as the area of ​​the transverse slit.

Round square lived: S \u003d p * r 2 \u003d pd 2/4

Trikutnaya Square lived with three darts at the cable: S = p * r 2 / 3

Trikutnaya Square lived with a couple of darts at the cable: S = p * r 2 / 4

area square lived: S=a*a

Rectangular area lived: S=a*b

de S - area;

r is the radius of the round core;

d is the diameter of the round core;

a - Dovzhina perezu lived;

b - the width of the cut lived;

Conduct, lay at the same time, heat and heat one by one, to select a dart or a cable, after the table “Admissible trips for darts and cables”, select the type of dart or cable, you need the tension (the first digit) and the strum (another number), lived droti chi cable.

The strum does not lie down in the presence of tension, but only in the presence of tightness. To that, there is no significant voltage, which is how to live comfortably. Tilki strum.

It is not required to repair the wire, which, under normal operation, and the installation of the jet does not leak - the wire is grounded. As the tables show three PV-1 strums, then the third wire is not grounded, one more phase is zero. In the tables, the marginally admissible tension and streaks are indicated. Intensity is protected for 220 V working devices (phase and zero). You can't change the meaning. Bazhano deprive a small reserve for exhaustion - about every fluctuation. The skin is put in a shield, in a box it saves energy, although it’s not great, but it’s necessary to stock up on it.

Cables with GOST and TU markings are for sale. Call GOST - normal cut, then cut the cross section, same as TU - underestimated cut, for example VVG cable 3*6 THAT may be pereriz lived in VVG 3*4 cable. It is better for you to bathe the darts with a caliper in your hands.

Permissible triple jets for wires and cables with mid-cores in fallows in their quantity when laid at the same time

Admissible trials for wires and cables with aluminum conductorsin fallow in їх quantity when laid at once

For example, you need to connect pick up the car to the edge through the podovzhuvach. The cleaning machine is running at 3.5 kW. It is known from the table that with a single-phase supply, the greatest intensity for “Two blasts of PV-1 or PV-3 when laid at the same time, kW / A” is 3.52 kW, the machine is connected to a three-wire line from grounded, to that in the table the jet for two single-core wires of 16 amperes and the passage of the skin lived to go out 1.5 square meters. mm. At the same time, we need a cable PVA 3X1.5. It is necessary to protect that the tension, which is transmitted by the cable, is closed, so that in the zavantage mode of operation (boiling) the cable will be warm. To ensure a supply of tension, you can take a PVA cable 3X2.5. Such a cable allows you to transmit 4.84 kW with a strum of 22 amperes. On confirmation of what has been said, I respect that at the booths with the old wiring, the central machines work normally. Aluminium, 2.5 sq.mm. Before speech, in the instructions for the right machine, it is said that the right machine cannot be connected through the jack. Therefore, according to the grounding rules, nothing is to be done on plugs and sockets. Then the car itself is not guilty of the mother of roses, but the roses are unreasonably attributed not to turn on the car through the podovzhuvach.

It is necessary to connect a pair of sconces with fastenings on the wall to a separate wiring from the grommets near the wall. Leather sconce with two bulbs running approximately 120 watts. At the same time, 2X120 = 240 watts. Behind the table it is known that with a single-phase voltage, the greatest power loss is 1.98 kW with a stream of 9 amperes. The sconce is connected to the double-wire fence, the skin core goes out 0.5 sq. mm. The gasket is viconuated with a PV-3 dart with a 0.5 sq. mm retina

Industry produces a large number of darts and cables. Available in stores, there is only a small quantity, which is enough to supply the house with electricity. Penetrating voltage of insulation - voltage, at which insulation can be blown to the core of either cable, moreover, this indicator is more powerful, moreover, it is the most important and long-term cable.

VVGng - cable, leather core with midi at vinyl chloride insulation and cable sheath with vinyl chloride, cable does not expand the neck, breakdown voltage is 0.66 kV. All lived with the same people, tobto. health. Orientation cable on the wording

AVVGng - cable, leather core with aluminum with vinyl chloride insulation and cable sheath with vinyl chloride, cable does not expand the horn, breakdown voltage is 0.66 kV. All lived with the same people, tobto. health. Orientation cable on the wording

PVS - cable, leather core with midi at polyethylene insulation and cable sheath with vinyl chloride, breakdown voltage 0.4 kV. All rich people lived, tobto. are made up of a number of calls. Orientation cable on the other hand.

PUNP - cable, leather core with midi in polyethylene insulation and cable sheath with polyethylene, penetrating voltage 0.25 kV. All rich people lived, tobto. are made up of a number of calls. Orientation cable on the other hand.

PV-1 - conductor, scho lived in midi in polyvinylchloride insulation, breakdown voltage 0.66 kV. Lived odnodrotyana, provіd orientations on the distribution of electrical circuits at the shield.

PV-3 - conductor, scho lived in midi in polyvinylchloride insulation, breakdown voltage 0.66 kV. Lived bagatodrotyan, provided orientation for broach in pipes, boxes, cable channels, metal hoses thinly.

Run that cable through the heating and choose from a small margin. The darts themselves are chosen for the minds of laying fallowly in the material of the walls.

When choosing a method for laying cables, we are queried in front of logic. For radian hours, it was possible to lay darts in the strobes. Now the laying of wires without a protective casing is unacceptable. You can explain to us that it is necessary to increase sales of industrial cable, or else, since gaskets are clogged with flowers right at the edge and cable insulation to save life.

The method of laying cables and wires is deposited according to the material of the walls and is listed in the table.

Buvay, it is necessary to put a "bug" to the deputy of the defender, that I burned out. You can speed up in color, but it’s wrong. This table demonstrates the fallow of the diameter of the dart in the stream, which is visible.

After reading this article, you will know about such food:

In any sphere of our life, we actively beat the electrician. Obviously, the presence of electricity in the booth is one of the main strengths of our foundation. Tsya electricity is supplied by drota. Moreover, the stench comes like a booth or an apartment, so go through all the rooms of our booth. For the transmission of an electric stream, there are different types of wiring. The most popular is aluminum wiring. Vlasne on such a wire, we are mentioned in this article. More often than not, you want to know that aluminum wiring cannot boast of operational characteristics. Tobto її cannot be called the best, but the best. However, it is practical for the skin booth. І tse fact of delusions with the peculiarities of aluminum itself.

Perevagi

Tsey metal maє small vag. This advantage is strongly given signs in quiet situations, if it is necessary to win a large amount of aluminum cable. So, the ease of this metal to rob an aluminum cable is the leader for the laying of a power transmission line. Varto designate that aluminum is the same as the expansion of the metal, and the cost is less for the mid. Vlasne qi two factors became the cause of victorious aluminum wiring during everyday life lived near the SRSR.

More than one rice, yak can be shriveled to overwhelm, it is resistant to corrosion. There are some nuances here. On the right, in the fact that the surface of aluminum, upon contact, once again (mayzhe mittevo) is oxidized. From above, the spitting is established, as it were, it protects the dart from the oxidation. Minus the pole at the filthy building, the squirt is carried out. The results of the installation of cables cause problems with the passage of the stream.

Nedoliki

Aluminum conduction is characterized by a high pet electrical support. Tsey opir dorivnyu 0.0271 Ohm x sq. mm / m. Looking back at this fact, in the new editions of the PUE it is assigned that at the apartment of the chi booth it is possible to remove the aluminum wiring, the transverse cross section of which is moving 16 sq. m. millimeters.

It is allowed to go out in such a way that in order to ensure the necessary level of bandwidth, it is necessary to twist the cable great peretina. Tobto need to mount the wiring, like a great tovshchina. If you need to repair the wiring from midi, then there can be such an electric power supply, which is more expensive 0.0175 Ohm x sq. mm / m.

Such a more efficient conduction and for vikoristannya in the booth, you can take a medium cable with a smaller cross-section. As it was appointed more, the aluminum building is oxidized and the smelting, which is settled at the hour of the process, may rot the strum. There is one more nuance here: this spit is settled from the upper part of the dart. As a result, there is a slight change in the transverse overcut, and as a result, an increase in the opir.

Since smelting on aluminum wires can be a high opir, then in the areas of construction of okremih parts of the drota, a transitional opir is growing. As a result, it manifests itself in heating wiring in such areas. In quiet situations, if the interest on aluminum is increased, it starts to heat up. If there is a sufficient cross section, then there is nothing terrible. However, even the wiring is not protected on such a basis, or it is more vicorous than its normalized term of operation, so it is necessary to bring it up to heating.

The rest of the fact can be called even more disgusting for the mission of the day. On the right, when aluminum is heated, its plasticity changes. Well, the draft is expanding. After that, as the tension has arisen, the cable has cooled down, and the wine is gaining a stellar shape. However, after the repeated repetition of such processes, there is a weakening of the contact between the ends of the electrical wires.

Aluminium, too, may be highly friable. She grows a lot after she overheats. According to the term of service, then for aluminum wiring vins become 25 years. After that, it is necessary to install a different type of wiring.

Rules for choosing aluminum wiring

As you can see, the wiring, made of aluminum, cannot be called the best option for vikoristannya in a booth. However, її it is possible to vicorate, in order to reach the singing vimog:

1. The cross section may be not less than 16 square meters. millimeters.
2. For the closing of small parts, it is necessary to make tight contacts. If you want to vikoristovuvaty special oil, zavdyaki that does not cause oxidation of contacts, and save a low level of transitional support.

Also, you can viconate in another way. Vіn polagaє v zvaryuvannі aluminієvih elektroprovodіv v pink boxes. Tsei sposіb vymagayut bolshih vitraty and more than an hour. That's why a lot of electricians are trying to escape yoga. I look at the skin, who installs aluminum wiring at his booth, is guilty of guarding the work of electricians.

Lined with copper wiring

Table of por_vnyanna aluminum and midi wires

It is significant that it will be simpler and safer than copper wiring. More often, we pointed out that the middle wiring is characterized by a smaller pet support. In other words, a copper cable with the same peratin, as aluminum, can miss a larger amount of struma. Krym tsyhogo medniy elektroprovid:

• є stіykіshim to physical infusions (wine does not break after a few years);
• maє the great term of appurtenance;
• do not waste your strum-carrying powers under the hour of oxidation.

Remember the fact that aluminum and copper are oxidized. Prote plіvki, scho avowed, moyut different powers. We are worth the cost of streak conduction. As we have already indicated, the oxidation smelting of aluminum wiring may have a weak stream conductivity. Similar slick on copper wiring maє high strumoprovіdnіst. Electrical wires made of aluminum oxidize much faster, lower honey darts.

Copper oxidizes at room temperature; To do this, it is easy to twist two cables. Strongly oxidized midi begins only if the temperature becomes more than 70 degrees Celsius. It is possible to make a visnovok, which yaksnіshim i, smut, bezpechnіshim є midny cable. The reason for the popularity of aluminum lies in its cheapness.

Why can't you twist aluminum and copper cables?

Obviously, if you are planning to replace the electrical wiring in the booth and if you cannot install all the electrical wiring prepared from midi, then you can use two types of wiring. In other words, you can win aluminum cables to supply a jet to lighting fittings and the middle darts for supplying the jet to the sockets or hard electric appliances. If so, in certain areas of the vineyard, it is necessary to install copper and aluminum wiring.

From the very cob it should be noted that direct contact between midi and aluminum is at least not recommended. Tse means that it is not possible to twist electrical wires with two metals. Why? The reason lies in their physical powers. Qi two threw different sizes stream conduction and as a result of the months of their heating up. Also, to this effect, the presence of oxide smelts is sprayed.

If you are talking about oxide smelting on the mid-wire, then you can conduct a strum and that doesn’t add much to the heating. And the axis is the same slick on the aluminum electrical wire, it can be a strong support and, apparently, it passes less strum. This fact is powerful by heating. During the heating process, the cables expand. Shards of copper - the hard metal of lower aluminum, then the copper electrical wire should be brought to a deformable deformation of the aluminum core. As a result, if you feel cold, the very day looks different.

After a few times of heating, that cooling will be weakened, but it will cause problems before the appearance of overheating, sincerely that fire. Also, there may be a place for the appearance of a galvanic bet. However, you won't show up only once, if you take a vologer to the meeting. Otherwise, the couple does not settle down. A galvanic couple is declared to the fact that in the field of construction of such wires, which we call copper and aluminum, the dissociation of oxides of electrical wires begins. This process helps to reduce the oxide on the charge of the ions.

After this charge, the ions of oxides of midi and aluminum become uninterrupted participants in the process of rush strum. As a result, stinks carry charge and also collapse. It is worth bringing the metal to ruin. The empty shells are sealed at the conductors. The stench of your line is changing the cross section and the building of the wiring to let the strum pass.

The final result - overheating the mission of the day. As we have already designated, this process is blamed only for the obviousness of the vologists. And the more vologists the mist twists, the more dissociation becomes. I think you have already realized that it is not possible to allow water to enter the circuit, as well as to allow direct contact between copper and aluminum wires.

Ways to register different types of wiring

However, it is good to know that a wiring is installed in the booth, as it is made up of mid-range and aluminum wires, and these wires are required. In this case, it is necessary to vikoristovuvat boltovі that klemni z'ednannya. Let's take a look at the peculiarities of vikoristannya such spoluk. Most often in the houses you can use the pot type. Їх is so called to the one who їх old look similar to mountains. Three plates are approved at the end of the day.

Before installation, it is necessary to twist the lower and upper plates. Dali between the middle and upper plate install one wire and fasten the upper plate. Similarly, fight with another dart. If the bottom plate is screwed on, the closing process is completed. Descho similar to the "pot" є boltov zadnannya. In this swing up to one bolt two darts are attached. An anodized washer is inserted between them. They gave for help the nuts to fix the hurtful darts.

In this situation, if there is a change in the wiring in the booth, then the copper and aluminum can be connected for additional spring terminals. The stinkers are called with WAGO-type shelves. Before using spring terminals, it is necessary to clean the darts. Strip the required first 15 mm. After that, they are inserted into the opening and fixed for the help of little important ones. In the middle of such clefts there is an ostentatious speech. It is such that insults are not oxidized.

Korisna porada: vikoristovuvat spring clamps can only be for darts, as a part of the lighting system. Vykoristannya in power lances is not recommended from this point of view, as spring contacts are heated by strong pressure. Lastly, poor contact and poor conduction of the struma.