Water pump 220 volts starting winding. Winding diagrams of single-phase electric motors

Instruction

It is important to turn the engine. As if the new one had six visnovkiv with jumpers, reversed, the stench was installed in a certain order. As a dvigun, there are six windings and no pads, the windings are folded in two bundles, moreover, in one bundle, fold the cob of windings, and in the other - kints.

If the engine has more than three windings, sort out the engine: remove the cover from the side of the block and find three wires in the windings. Then let's take out three darts among ourselves, solder the visible darts to them, and unite them in a bundle. By the year, six darts will be connected to the scheme of the tricutnik.

Expand the orientation capacitance of the capacitor. For which value, enter the formula: Cmkf = P / 10, for any Cmkf - the capacity of one capacitor in microfarads, R - nominal tension (in watts). What is more important: operating voltage capacitor may be high.

Increase respect: how to increase the voltage capacitors in the last way of connection, "spend in" half of the capacity, but at the same time, the voltage is increased twice. Of the number of such capacitors, a battery of required capacity can be selected.

Connecting capacitors, pay attention to their peculiarity: the fact that after switching on capacitors stink for a long time on zatskachakh saves power. Looking back at this, capacitors become unsafe for life, even too high a risk of injury by an electric jet.

Starting opir Rn is designated as the last path. In order to increase the moment of starting the engine, immediately connect the starting capacitor with the working capacitor (the vins are connected in parallel to the working one). Increase the capacity of the starting capacitor according to the following formula: Sp \u003d (v_d 2.5 to 3) Cp, for yakіy Cp - the capacity of the working capacitor.

Capacitors are actively involved in the automotive industry with high-tech electrical power. The stench is included in a lot of knots and mechanisms of the car, beginning with the control unit of the power plant, ending with the lances of the audio system.

Instruction

Without a capacitor, the stable operation of the life block is impossible. Vіn obov'yazkovo is guilty of buti inclusions wiring diagram moreover, mother pevnu єmnіst. Qia detail, in fact, to extinguish voltage drops in electric lines How to beat the shock absorber, smoothing out the roughness of the road With whom you accumulate overhead electricity and help you for the necessary. Tse protects elements from burnout and wear. Which capacitor is recommended for your car, please check the documentation beforehand. Yakshcho documents are used, returned to a specialized car service.

Choose the correct, suitable for you, the capacitor is an important task. This market is developing dynamically, provoking retailers and pickers for the release of new models. That number of virobniks grows innocently. Tim is not mensch, everyone

Hello, dear readers and guests of the site "Notatki electrician".

I am often asked about those, how it is possible to wind a working winding like a starting one in single-phase motors, if there is a daily marking on the windings.

Shchoraz has to report to explain what it is like. I axis today I have written about the entire article.

As a butt, I take a single-phase electric motor KD-25-U4, 220 (V), 1350 (rpm):

• KD - condenser motor
• 25 - tension 25 (W)
• U4 - climate change

yoga axis old look.

Yak bachite, marking (colourful and digital) on drota vіdsutnє. On the beer of the dvigun you can sing, as if marking the guilty mother of the droti:

• robocha (С1-С2) - darts of a red color
• starter (B1-B2) - darts of blue color

I’ll show you ahead of time how to design the starting windings of a single-phase motor, and then I’ll choose a circuit for switching on. Ale about tse will be such an article. Before Tim, how to start reading these articles, I recommend that you read:.

Otzhe, let's do it.

1. Cross wire

Visually marveling at the conductors. A pair of wires, which have larger cuts, can be seen to the working winding. I navpak. See them off, for those who have a smaller cut, you can see them up to the launcher.

Then we take the probes of the multimeter and robimo freeze the support between two wires.

If there is no indication on the display, then it is necessary to take another wire and re-freeze. Now, the value of the support is to become 300 Ohm.

Tse knew the windings of one winding. Now we connect the probes of the multimeter to a pair of wires and change the winding to another. Viishlo 129 (Om).

Robimo visnovok: the first winding is the launcher, the other is the robot.

So that you don’t get lost at the wires for the hour when the engine is connected, we prepare tags (“cambric”) for marking. Sound, like tags, I vicorous or PVC insulating tube, or silicone tube (Silicone Rubber) of the required smaller diameter. I put a silicone tube with a diameter of 3 (mm) in my stock.

For new GOSTs, the windings of a single-phase motor are designated as follows:

• (U1-U2) - robocha
• (Z1-Z2) - launchers

The KD-25-U4 dvigun, taken as a butt, has digital marking in the old way:

• (С1-С2) - working
• (B1-B2) - launchers

So that there were no inconsistencies in the marking of the wires that the scheme depicted on the engine tag, I left the marking on the old one.

I wear tags on darts. Axis scho vyyshlo.

For proof: Somebody has mercy, if it seems that the wrapper of the engine can be changed with a way of rearranging the threaded fork (change the poles of the voltage of life). It's not right!!! To change the wrapping directly, it is necessary to remember the starting and working windings. Just like that!!!

We looked at the vipadok, if 4 droti were inserted into the terminal block of a single-phase dvigun. And buvaє i so, that only 3 darts were put into the terminal.

In this mode of operation, the starting windings are connected not to the terminal block of the electric motor, but in the middle of the body.

How do you like this time?

Everything works in the same way. Zdіysnyuєmo zamіr support between skin wires. Thoughts are significant їх, yak 1, 2 and 3.

Axis scho in me vyyshlo:

• (1-2) - 301 (Ohm)
• (1-3) - 431 (Ohm)
• (2-3) - 129 (Ohm)

Look like this visnovok:

• (1-2) - starting winding
• (2-3) - working winding
• (1-3) - starting and working windings in series (301 + 129 = 431 Ohm)

For proof: with such windings, the reverse of a single-phase motor is also possible. If you really want to, you can open the dvigun case, find out the place of starting and operating windings, reconnect the windings and put 4 darts into the terminal block, like at the first drop. Ale, if you have a single-phase dvigun є condenser, like my type of KD-25, yoga.

P.S. On whom everything. If there is food for the material of the article, then put it in the comments. Thanks for the respect.

Single-phase electric motors are possessed by a large number of low-power refrigeration units, which are vikoristovuyutsya in the room (home refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, small heat pumps ...).
Regardless of the width of the arc, single-phase motors with an additional winding are often underestimated in comparison with three-phase motors.
The method of this division is to understand the rules for connecting single-phase electric motors, their repair and maintenance, as well as looking at the nodes and elements necessary for their work (capacitors, starting relays). Obviously, we don’t understand why such engines are wrapped, but all the features of them are different as engines for refrigeration compressors, we try to be classy.
A) Single-phase motors with auxiliary winding
Such motors, installed at most small compressors, are powered by a voltage of 220 V. The stench is made up of two windings (div. Fig. 53.1).

The main winding P, as it is called ________
often with a working winding, or with the English Run (R), it is possible to conduct a similar cut, which for a long period of the work of the engine is filled with tension, and it passes the nominal force of the engine stream.
Additional winding A, also called the starting winding, or the English S (Start), may be wired more thin cut, then, a larger opir, which allows you to easily wind it up in the main winding.

Additional or starting winding is designed to serve for the safe start of the engine.
Actually, if you try to start the engine, having applied a voltage only to the main winding (and I don’t supply power), the motor will buzz, but it won’t turn around again. If at that moment I manually turn the shaft, the motor will start and it will turn around in that direction, in which it was turned manually. Obviously, such a starting method is not suitable for practice, especially as the motor is in a hermetic casing.
The starting winding is used to start the engine and ensure the value of the starting torque is higher, lower the moment of support on the shaft of the engine.
We furthermore, that in sequence with the starting winding, as a rule, a capacitor is introduced into the lance, which ensures the necessary phase noise (about 90 °) between the jet in the main and starting windings. This piece of rozfazuvannya yakraz and allows you to start the engine.

Respect! Everything is due to the fault of viconanization with great accuracy and accuracy, especially since the model of the engine is unknown to you, otherwise the scheme for winding the windings is daily.

Vipadkove intertwining of the main and auxiliary windings, as a rule, will end up when the engine burns up without a hitch!
Do not hesitate to repeat the vimiryuvannya kіlka once and throw the scheme of the dvigun, having secured the maximum badge, but allow you to get away with a lot of pardons!
NOTE
As a three-phase motor, an ohmmeter will show the same value of the supports between the three terminals. In this rank, it seems that it’s important to have mercy, ringing this type of engine three-phase motors div. section 62).
For whatever reason, take a look at the preliminary data on the engine case, and also think about how to look inside the terminal box, having removed the cover, the shards are often induced there.

Engine overhaul. One of the most foldable for the repairman-pochatkіvtsya nutrition is to make a decision about those who, following the results of rechecking the engine, will burn out. Let's guess the main defects and electrical nature, which are most common in motors (it doesn't matter, single-phase or three-phase). The majority of these defects cause a strong overheating of the engine, astonishment by the transcendental magnitude of the flattened struma. Power surges can be either electrical (trip voltage drop, overvoltage, bad external attachments, bad electrical contact, faulty contactor) or mechanical (jamming through an oil mismatch) malfunctions, as well as a great anomaly in the condensing circuit). the presence of acids at the contour ...).

One of the windings may be broken. At this point, the ohmmeter, when vimіrі її, the support is shown more great value replace the normal support. Check to make sure your ohmmeter is in good working order and can make good contact with the winding terminals. Do not be afraid to change the ohmmeter for the help of a standard.
Let's guess that the winding of a great motor may have a maximum opir of ten ohms for small motors and ten ohms for large motors. If the winding is broken, it will be necessary to either replace the motor (otherwise I will repair the unit), or rewind it (for that, if such a possibility is possible, rewinding is more obvious, the greater the tightness of the motor).
Mіzh two windings can be used short chirp. In order to make such a re-verification, it is necessary to tidy up the rear darts (and successful jumpers on a three-phase engine).
If you spend the day, don’t bother to advance a detailed scheme of vimiriv and make a maximum of a badge, so that you give it calmly and without pardon, again put on the place of the day’s darts and jumpers.

An ohmmeter can show inconsistency. However, vin shows zero (or even a low opir), which means the possibility of a short circuit between two windings.
Such a re-wiring is less than indicative for a single-phase motor with an additional winding near the winding, so that the two windings cannot be separated (if the point C is high, which is the winding of the two windings, it is located in the middle of the motor). Definitely, fallow in the exact place of the occurrence of a short zamіkann, vimіri supports, zdіysnenі mіzh triple clamps (C -> A, C -> P і R -> A), give a reduction, but dosit unrelated values. For example, the support between points A and P may not match the sum of supports C -> A + C -> P.
So, as in the case of winding windings, with a short flicker between the windings, it is necessary to replace or rewind the motor.

The winding may be closed by a mass. Opir іzolyatsії ї ї new dvigun (with leather windings and masoy) can reach 1000 MQ. During the year this opera changes and can fall to 10...100 MQ. As a rule, it is accepted that starting from 1 MQ (1000 kQ) it is necessary to replace the engine, and if the insulation support is 500 kQ and lower, the operation of the engine is not allowed (guess: 1 MQ = 103kQ = 10°>Q).
The winding is shorted to ground
Opir pragne zero
As a result, the insulation is broken, vimiryuvannya support between the terminal windings and the body of the dvigun gives a zero shank (or even a low opir) a replacement for incompatibility (div. Fig. 53.8). Respectfully, such a tester can be checked on the skin terminal of the engine for the help of an accurate ohmmeter. Before the skin wipe, change the line so that your ohmmeter is at the right station, and that you can make good contact from the glue and metal to the engine body (if necessary, scrape the farba on the body to reach the front contact).
In the example in fig. 53.8 Vymiryuvannya indicates those that the winding, without interruption, may be closed to the body.
Rice. 53.8.
However, the contact of the winding with the mass may not be the same. Deisno, the insulation between the windings and the case can be low, if the engine is under pressure, so that the spratsovuvannya of the outside machine, at the same time, is too high, so that the voltage of the voltage is not shown for additional help.
In this case, it is necessary to vicorate a megohmmeter (or a similar accessory), which allows you to control the isolation of the victors constant voltage vіd 500 V zamіst kіlkoh volt for sizable ohmmeter
When wrapping the manual inductor of the megohmmeter, as if the insulation is normal, the arrow of the attachment must be moved to the left (pos. 1) and indicate inconsistency (oo). Greater weakness, for example, on the level of 10 MQ (pos. 2), indicating a decrease in the insulation characteristics of the dvigun, even though it is not enough for it to lead to the operation of a zahish machine, ale, prote, guilty Insignificant progress in insulation, before that, we already know, it’s too early to bring the unit to a new point.
It is also significant that only a megohmmeter can allow vikonat and re-verification of the insulation of two windings between them, if it is impossible to separate them (divinely the problem of a short circuit between the windings in a single-phase motor). We say that it is necessary to carry out a re-verification of a suspected electric motor more suvoro.
If it’s not enough for a person to just replace the engine, it’s also necessary to identify the cause of the malfunction (mechanical, electrical, or of a different nature) in order to radically turn off the possibility of repetition. In refrigeration compressors, there is a great presence of acid in the working body (which is shown by a simple oil analysis), after replacing a burned-out motor, it will be necessary to get used to additional windfalls. Do not follow the fault and look at the electrical equipment (if necessary, replace the contactor and the switch, recheck the installations and the guards ...).

KIM, ZUINOVA VIMAGA PERSON HISTORY OF HISTORY KVALIFІKATSIA TU SUVORY DOTRYMAN 'RULES: Zakliva refrigerant, at oddnosti promavyuchi Післа сой кологора, it is possible to install an anti-cylinder fіltra on Svmoktuvalnіy Magіstralі, Zimini Filtra-Oreshuvach, a jacket of a coil_v, an angrily of the circuit with Vacuumumannya shit. and a new control of the functioning... Now, especially since the unit is filled with refrigerant type CFC (R12, R502...), can we be able to speed up the replacement of the compressor to change the type of refrigerant?
B) Capacitors
To start a single-phase motor with an auxiliary winding, it is necessary to provide phase protection snake struma at the additional winding by extension to the main one. In order to reach the phase i, then, to ensure the necessary starting torque (we guess that the starting torque of the motor is due to the greater support on the th shaft for the moment), the capacitors are mainly installed in series with the auxiliary winding. Now, it is my fault to remember that the capacitance of the capacitor is taken incorrectly (too small or too large), the value of the phase delay has been reached, it may not be possible to start the engine (the engine stops).
In electrically controlled refrigeration systems, there are two types of capacitors on the right:
Working (running) capacitors (paper) of small capacity (rarely more than 30 microfarads) and significant expansion.
Starting capacitors (electrolytic), which may, on the other hand, have a large capacitance (may exceed 100 microfarads) for a remarkably small expansion. It's not the stench's fault, but it's constantly under pressure, otherwise the capacitors are overheated quickly and can vibrate. As a rule, it is important that the hour of rebuking under the pressure is not guilty of exceeding 5 seconds, and the maximum allowable number of starts is no more than 20 per year.
From one side, expand the condensers to lie in the air (the more the capacity, the more the expansion). The capacity is indicated on the capacitor case in microfarads (insh, or uF, or MF, or MFD, fallow in the retailer) with the tolerance of the retailer, for example: 15uF ± 10% (minimum can become 13.5 to 16.5 μF) or 88 - 108 MFD
In addition, expand the capacitor to lie down depending on the magnitude of the voltage indicated on the new one (the higher the voltage, the larger the capacitor). Korisne guess what the voltage is designated by the retailer as the maximum voltage, so that you can apply it to the capacitor without being afraid of it. So, as 20 microfarad / 360V is indicated on the capacitor, it means that such a capacitor can be victorious in a measure with a voltage of 220, but at the same time it cannot be applied to a new voltage of 380 V.

53.1. RIGHT

Try for the skin of the 5 capacitors shown in fig. 53.10 in the same scale, signify, if they are working (running), and if they are launchers.

Capacitor No. 1 is the largest in terms of sizes among all representations; Obviously, the capacitor.
Capacitors No. 3 and No. 4, for the same sizes, may have a small capacitance (respectfully, that capacitor No. 4, the appointments for vikoristannya in the measure with an elastic life, larger, lower capacitor No. 3, may be lower capacitance). Otzhe, qi two capacitors are also robots.
Capacitor No. 2 may be similar to the expansions, even more large capacity, also a starting capacitor. Capacitor No. 5 can be three times less, lower No. 2, ale vin appointments for more high voltage: also starting capacitor.

Capacitor revision. Vymiryuvannya for the help of an ohmmeter, if the stench gives those results, they looked at me, miraculously, the correctness of the capacitor. Tim is not less, the stench is to blame, but supplemented by the actual capacitance of the capacitor (it’s not enough, like a viconate such a vimir).
Now we can see the typical faults of capacitors (shaving of the lancet, short flickering between the plates, flickering on the mass, reduced capacitance) and the ways of their manifestation. We should note that it is absolutely unacceptable to blow the capacitor case.

The condenser may have a shaving
Just an ohmmeter, connections to connections and installations on the maximum range, showing inconsistency. For such a fault, everything seems to be like a difference in the presence of a capacitor. However, if the engine is equipped with a capacitor, it means that the wine is needed for what. Later, we can show that the engine will either not work normally, or it won’t start up, that it is often necessary to use thermal protection (thermal relay protection, automatic transmission ...).
The middle of the capacitor can be short-circuited between the plates
In case of such a fault, the ohmmeter will show zero or even a low opir (use a small range). Sometimes the compressor can start up (let's make it better), but if there are more fluctuations in the condenser, it will cause a short flicker until the thermal shutdown occurs.
Plates can be closed on mass
Capacitor plates, like and windings of an electric motor, insulated from the mass. As soon as the insulation drops sharply (the problem of which is manifested during superheated overheating), the turn of the struma will turn on the installation automatically.
Such an incompatibility can be, if the capacitor has a metal shell. Opіr, vymіryany between one of the visnovkіv and the corps at the same time pragne 0, instead of being inexcusable (it is necessary to reconsider the insults).
Capacitor capacitance may be reduced
In this case, the size of the capacity is correct, the value of the capacity is measured on the first day, lower for the capacity, it is indicated on the case with the improved tolerance of the virobnik.

In vimiryan, the capacity is guilty of a bula to change in the range of 90 to 110 microfarads. Also, in fact, the capacity is rather low, so it is not possible to provide the necessary values ​​of the sound in phase and the starting torque. In the end, which engine may no longer start.

Now let's look at how to simulate the actual capacitance of the capacitor behind the help of a clumsy circuit, which is easy to implement in the minds of the assembly maidan.
Pro
UVAGA! In order to turn off the possible safety, it is necessary before folding the circuit to reverse the capacitor for an additional ohmmeter.
The good capacitor is sufficient to connect to the measure of the changeable jet with a voltage of 220 V and dim the jet to slow down (indeed, in this case, the working voltage of the capacitor is to blame but not lower than 220 V).
It is necessary to protect the scheme, or automatically to protect it, or with a fusible protector with a knife switch. Vimiryuvannya can be short yakomoga (the starting capacitor is not safe for a long time under voltage).

At a voltage of 220 V, the capacity of the capacitor (μF) is approximately 14 times greater than that of the squid (in amperes).

For example, you want to change the capacitance of the capacitor (obviously, it is the starting capacitor, so the hour of this value under the pressure may be even small, div. Fig. 53.21). Shards on the new one are assigned, that the working voltage is 240, it can be included in the voltage of 220 V.

If so, the capacitance is assigned to the capacitor, to become 60 μF ± 10% (then from 54 to 66 μF), theoretically, it is the fault of the strum by force: 60/14 = 4.3 A.
We install an automatic machine or a fusible protector, insurance for such a strum, turn on the transformer clamps and install on the ammeter range of vimiryuvannya, for example, 10 A. Apply voltage to the capacitor, taking into account the indication of the ammeter and turn on life.

ATTENTION, UNSAFETY! If you are vimiryuєte the capacity of the starting capacitor, the hour of the yogo perebubannya under the pressure is not guilty of overshooting 5 seconds (practice shows that with small costs for the organization of the process of vimiruvannya, this hour is enough for vikonannya vimіru).
In our case, the actual capacitance is close to 4.1 x 14 = 57 microfarads, so the correct capacitor, the shards of it, the capacitance is to be found between 54 and 66 microfarads.
Yakshcho strum, becoming bi, for example, 3 A, the actual capacitance bula b 3 x 14 = 42 microfarads. Tsya value to go between the tolerance, it was also necessary to replace the capacitor.

B) Start relay

In the case of the greater number of plugs (although not plugged in), the relays are connected directly to the compressor for an additional two or three (false models) nests, plugs of the electric motor windings are included in the yak, which can be pardoned when the relay is connected to the auxiliary windings and the main one. On the top of the relay, as a rule, the following designations are applied:
R / M -> Working (Main) -> Main winding A / S -> Starting (Start) -> Auxiliary winding L Line (Line) -> Live life phase
If you turn the relay upside down, you can clearly feel the knock of loose contacts, like forging freely.
Therefore, when such a relay is installed, it is necessary to carefully observe its open space orientation, so that it writes "Up" (Thor) knowing the beast, so that the relay is turned upside down, so the normally open contact will be permanently closed.

When rewiring with an ohmmeter, the support between the contacts of the starting relay of the strum (at the time of the correct opening) between the sockets A / S and R / M, as well as between the sockets L and A / S, the mother is responsible for the opening of the lance (opir one z), zhivlennya contacts of the relay of rozіknenі.
Mіzh nіzdami R/M і L opіr close to 0, vіdpovіdayuchi support of the coil of the relay, as it is wound with a wire of a tight cut and is recognized for the passage of the starting jet.
You can also reverse the opir relay at an inverted station. In such a time, between nests A/S and L, the replacement of inconsistency may be opir, close to zero.
When mounting the relay, the struma in the inverted position will be left permanently closed, so as not to allow the starting winding to be turned on. As a result of this fault, the problem of the swedish ignition of the electric motor.

Let's now work on the start relay of the stream in the circuit, pointing to the current voltage.
As soon as a voltage is applied to the circuit, the stream passes through the thermal relay, the main winding and the relay coil. Spark contacts A/S and L are open, the starting winding is energized and the engine does not start - this indicates a sharp increase in the slowdown of the stream.
Shifting the starting stream (approximately five times the nominal value) ensures such a voltage drop on the relay coil (between points L and R / M), as it becomes sufficient, so that the core is drawn into the coil, contacts A / S and L are closed and the starting winding appeared under the strain.

Zavdyaki impulse, taken from the starting winding, the engine starts up and in the world of that, as the number of revolutions increases, the stream slows down. Poruch іz tsim drop napruga on the relay coil (mіzh L і R/M). If the motor reaches approximately 80% of the nominal speed, the voltage between the points L and R/M becomes insufficient for the core in the middle of the coil, the contact between A/S and L will open and turn on the starting winding again.
However, for such a scheme, the starting torque on the motor shaft is even insignificant, there are small chips in the first starting capacitor, which ensures a sufficient amount of phase noise between the jet in the main and starting windings (guess that the main recognition of the capacitor is an increase in starting torque). Tom given scheme less vikoristovuetsya in small engines with an insignificant moment of support on the shaft.
If there are small refrigerating compressors, in some way the expanding attachment of the obov'yazkovo vikoristovuyutsya capillary tubes, which secure the vise in the condenser and the vise at the viparnik with teeth, then in which vipad the start of the engine is carried out at the minimum possible moment of support. 51 "Capillary expansion attachments").
If it is necessary to increase the starting torque, it is necessary to install a starting capacitor (Cd) in series with the starting winding. Therefore, relays are often released from the choirma with nests, like, for example, in models, representations.
Relays of this type are supplied with a shunt jumper between sockets 1 and 2. If a starting capacitor is required, the shunt is removed.
It is significant that when such a relay is called with an ohmmeter between sockets M and 2 opir, it will be close to zero and the relay winding support will be stronger. Between sockets 1 and S opir one inconsistency (when the relay is in the normal position) and zero (when the relay is turned upside down).

UVAGA! When replacing a faulty relay, the new relay must be replaced with the same index that is faulty.

Definitely, there are dozens of different modifications of the strum relay, the skin has some of its own characteristics (the strength of the strum is muting and releasing, the maximum allowable power of the strum ...). If the relay, which is being installed, may be affected by the replacement relay of the characteristic, then either of the contacts will not be muted in any way, or they will be permanently closed.

Even though the contacts do not flicker, for example, through those that the starting relay stream is too tight (they are allowed to flicker when the starting stream is 12 A, then the starting stream does not really move 8 A), the additional winding cannot be powered and the engine does not start. Vіn gude that vіdklyuєtsya thermal relay zakhistu.
Respectfully, these signs accompany such an incompatibility, like a breakdown of the relay contacts
In extreme cases, it is possible to reverse the hypothesis by closing the contacts 1 and S for a short time, for example. When the engine starts up, it will be proof of a bad relay.
If the contact is permanently closed, for example, through the low pressure of the starting relay of the stream (it may rise when the stream drops to 4 A, and the motor in the nominal mode is reduced to 6 A), the starting winding will appear constantly under voltage. Respectfully, what happens to you, as if due to the supernatural power of the stream, the relay contacts are "welded" or as if the relay is installed upside down *, through which the contacts will be permanently closed.
The compressor should be similar to the majestic strum and, in the shortest time, it will be switched on by a thermal relay to protect it (it will burn out in the worst case). As if there is a starting capacitor in the circuit, it will be under tension all the time and during the skin test it will be very overheated, which in the final rahunka will cause it to collapse.

The normal operation of the starting relay can be easily overridden by additional transformer clamps installed at the capacitor line and the starting winding. If the relay is working normally, then at the moment the strum is started, it will be maximum, and if the contact opens, the ammeter will show the strum.
Nareshti, in order to complete the review of the starting relay of the strum, it is necessary to point out one fault, as you can blame for the transcendental increase in the pressure of condensation. Actually, if it were to increase the pressure of condensation, if it didn’t make any noise (for example, a condenser was confused), it’s inevitable to increase the strum, which is slowed down by the engine (div. section 10. “Injecting the magnitude of the yoke of condensation on the strength of the strum, compressed by the electric motor of the compressor”) . This increase may appear sufficient, in order to bring the relay and contact closure to the spration, as the engine turns around. You can see the traces of such a phenomenon!
* Installing the starting relay in a horizontal plane, as a rule, gives the same result and is also wrong. - Ed.

If the pressure of the motor increases (becomes higher, lower than 600 W), the power of the strum increases, and the strum starts to decrease, and the starting relay becomes unbearable through those that increase the required diameter of the relay coil. The starting voltage relay also has a coil and contacts, but on the inside of the relay, the voltage relay coil may have a high support (wound with a thin wire with a large number of turns), and the other contacts are normally closed. Therefore, the possibility of intertwining the two outbuildings is already insignificant.
representations of the most modern looking of the widest starting voltage relay, which is sealed in a black-colored box. If you call the relay terminals for an additional ohmmeter, you can find out that between terminals 1 and 2 opir is good 0, and between 1-5 and 2-5 it is good and set, for example, 8500 Ohm (note that terminals 4 are not switched on before the circuit and only for clarity of connection and distribution of wires on the relay case).

The relay contacts are sing-songly located between terminals 1 and 2;
As long as you have a relay circuit, there will be no problems from the designation of the main point. In the other case, you will need to vickonat an additionally small allowance, so that you can eat a cob on terminals 1 and 5, and then 2 and 5 ).

Let's assume that when voltage is applied to terminals 1-5, the relay will work in the "buzz" mode (like a buzzer) and you will clearly distinguish between a permanent flicker and a flicker of the contact (imagine the consequences of such a mode for a motor). Tse bude sign that clema 2 є zagalnoy і one z kіntsіv kotushki podklyucheniya sama to it. In times
you can disbelieve yourself by serving food at terminals 5 and 2 (contacts 1 and 2
rozіmknutsya and zalishatimutsya rozіknenimi).
UVAGA! If you apply voltage to terminals 1 and 2 (terminals of normally closed contacts), then take a short circuit, which may be even more unsafe

In order to change such a re-verification, you must change the voltage of 220 V, as the relay is recognized for equipping the engine with 220 V (it is recommended to change the fusible load in the lancet, in order to protect the circuit from possible pardons when connected). However, it may be the case that the relay contacts do not open when live is applied to terminals 1 and 5, and when live is applied to terminals 2 and 5, although the coil will be correct (when connected with an ohmmeter, opir 1-5 and 2-5 is still high). Tse can be wised by the principle itself, we will lay the basis for a robotic circuit with a voltage relay (we will look at it in the next paragraph), which means using a relay to increase the voltage. To continue the re-wiring, you can increase the voltage up to 380 V (relays do not threaten anything, the shards will increase the voltage up to 400 V).

As soon as food is supplied to the circuit, the stream will pass through the thermal relay and the main winding (C-> P). One hour vin pass through the starting winding (C-A). normally closed contacts 2-1 and start capacitor (Cd). Use it all to start up the money and start the engine wrapping.
In the world of that, as the engine gathers wraps, at the starting winding, an additional voltage is induced, as it is added to the voltage of life.

At the end of the start, the maximum voltage is induced and the voltage at the end of the starting winding can reach 400 (at a voltage of 220 V). The voltage relay coil is designed in such a way that the contacts are opened exactly at the moment when the voltage on it is increased by the value specified by the motor distributor. If the contacts I-2 open, the relay coil is energized, induced into the starting winding (the winding, wound on the main winding, is the secondary winding of the transformer).
At the start of the hour, it’s important, so that the voltage on the relay terminals exactly showed the voltage at the ends of the starting winding. That is why the starting capacitor is always to blame for being included in the circuit between points I and P, and not between points A and 2.
Use of nameless different models of voltage relays, which vary by their characteristics (voltage switching and contact opening...).

Therefore, if it is necessary to replace a faulty voltage relay, for which it is necessary to change the relay of the same model.
If the relay for replacing does not fully operate the engine - it means that none of the contacts will be closed during start-up, but will be closed permanently.
If, when starting up, the relay contacts are opened, for example, through those that the relay is too low-voltage (it works at 130 V, then just after the voltage is applied, the starting winding is powered only as secondary winding), the engine cannot be started, buzzes and turns on by the thermal relay (div. fig. 53.33).

Significantly, the same signs themselves are matimut in the event of a breakdown in contact. In the extreme case, you can always reverse the hypothesis by short-circuiting contacts 1 and 2. If the engine starts, then the contact is daily.

Start after auxiliary thermistor (STR)

The thermistor, or the thermistor (STR* - short-term, means a positive temperature coefficient, so that the support moves at a rising temperature) is included in the lance as shown in fig. 53.37.
With a non-destructive rotor of the engine, the STR is cold (maє the temperature is too high) and the yogo opіr is even low (cheap Ohm). As soon as the motor is energized, the main winding is energized. At once, the stream passes through the low opir STR and the starting winding, after which the engine starts. However, the strum, which flows through the starting winding, passing through the STR, heats up, which causes a sharp increase in temperature, and also the support. After the end of one or two seconds, the temperature of the STR becomes more than 100 ° C, as the opir easily exceeds 1000 Ohm.
Slowly moving the STR support lowers the strum at the starting windings to a few milliamperes, which is equivalent to turning on the winding circuit so that it would start the starting relay. A weak strum, not spitting on the starting winding mill, continues to pass through the STR, being filled with a sufficient amount, in order to raise the temperature at the required level.
This way of launching vikoristovuetsya deaky rozrobnik, as a moment of support when launching even more small, for example, in installations with capillary expander attachments (with protrusions, it is inevitable to reverse the vice).
However, if the compressor is humming, the frivolity of the worm is to be done with a great one, so that not only to ensure the vibrance of the pressure, but also, the main rank, to cool the STR (for the rozrakhunkami for this one, it is necessary less than 5 khvilin).
Be it a try to start the engine with a hot STR (may, then, even a high opir) do not allow the starting winding to start the engine. For such a test, you can pay for the significant growth of the strum and the spratsyuvannyam of the thermal relay zakhist.
Thermistors are ceramic discs or shears and the main type of faults of this type launchersє їх cracking and destruction of internal contacts, most often with trials of starting at hot STRs,
inevitably causing the transcendental movement of the launching strum.
. We often pointed out the importance of maintaining the identity of models when replacing faulty electrical elements ( thermal relay zahistu, starting relays ...) on new, or those, yaki are recommended for replacement by a retailer. We also recommend replacing the starter kit (relay + capacitor(s)) when replacing the compressor.
* Sometimes the term RTS is used, which means the same as STR (note peo.j.

D) Refinement of schemes of launchers, which are most commonly used.

In the documentation of various retailers, there are impersonal schemes from a kіlkom with exotic names, which are understandable at once. Having speeded up our pace, we know more about our knowledge and more about the role of working capacitors.
For a brief overview of the further material, it is suggested that on the input of the starting capacitors, the operating capacitors are protected at a constant voltage and that the capacitor is switched on up to the circuit in sequence with the starting winding, allowing you to move the moment, to turn it, to turn it.
1) PSC circuit (Permanent Split Capacitor) - a circuit with a permanently connected capacitor, the simplest, shards in the starting relay.
Capacitor, constantly changing under voltage (div. fig. 53.40 can be a working capacitor. Scaling with increasing capacity this type of capacitor is often increased in size, its capacity is between small values ​​(rarely larger).
Also, the PSC scheme is vicorous, as a rule, for small motors with an insignificant moment of support on the shaft (small refrigeration compressors for capillary expansion attachments, which ensure the vise of the teeth, fan motors of small air conditioners).
When applying voltage to the circuit, constantly connect
The densator (SR) gives a push, allowing you to start the engine. If the engine starts, the starting winding is filled with voltage at the same time from a series-connected capacitor, which combines the power of the stream and allows you to increase the moment to turn when the engine is working.
2) STOR scheme. bred earlier, also called RTS (Positive Temperature Coefficient) and victorious as a simple launcher.
It can be fully completed by adding a permanently connected capacitor.
When a voltage is applied to the circuit (if the teeth are trivalent at least 5 times), the opir of the thermistor STR is already low and the capacitor Cp, being short-circuited, does not flow into the start-up process (also, the moment of support on the shaft is due to but insignificant, ).
At the end of the start-up of the opir STR, it grows sharply, but the additional winding is connected to the line through the capacitor Cp, which allows you to move the moment to turn when the engine is working (for example, when the condensation pressure increases).
Oskіlki condenser is constantly changing under the voltage,
starting capacitors in circuits of this type cannot be broken.

53.2. RIGHT 2

Single-phase motor with a voltage of 220 V, equipped with a working capacitor with a capacity of 3 μF, wrapping the air conditioner fan. Peremikach maє 4 clamps: "Vhіd" (B), "Low speed" (MS), "Middle speed" (SS), "Great speed" (BS), which allow you to mix the engine with a treadmill in such a rank, so that you can choose the right value ( MS) , SS chi BS) number of revolutions.

Solution

Nakidaemo, zgіdno zgіdno zgіdno z our pripuschennym vnutr_shnu dvigun circuit, zvіryuchi z dannymi vymіryuvannya poles (for example, M_zh G and F can be 290 Ohm, and M_zh G and 3 - 200 Ohm).
It remains only to include a jumper in the circuit, remembering that maximum speed the wrapper (BS) is within reach, as the engine is directly connected to the border. First of all, the minimum number of revolutions will be safe at the weakest pressure of life, also, when the maximum value is set, the support to be extinguished.

Such motors, which rarely rіdko zustrechayutsya in this hour, can however vikoristovuvatysya like a drive stuffing box compressors. In order to directly change the wrapper of the engine, it is sufficient to remember the starting point of the starting and main windings crosswise.
Like an example in fig. it is shown how the end of the starting winding has become the cob, and the cob - the end.
It is worth noting that in this direction, the straight passage of the strum along the starting winding changed to the length, which allows you to give a magnetic field impulse at the turning point at the moment of launch.
Nareshti, it is also significant that double-pipe motors with a "Frage coil" or with a "phase-shifting ring", which are widely used to drive small fans with a low moment of support (as a rule, bladed ones). Qi dviguns are too long, wanting and may have a small moment to turn, and when they are included in the line, there are some special problems, shards of stench may be only two darts (exactly, plus grounding).

B) Start relay
Regardless of the design, the head of the starting relay is to turn on the starting winding, as the engine will gain approximately 80% of the nominal number of revolutions. After that, the engine is important to start and continue wrapping only for additional working windings.
There are two main types of starting relays: a jet relay and a voltage relay. We also set the start for the help of the thermistor STR.
Starter relay strumu
This type of relay will sound in small single-phase motors, which are used to drive compressors, the intensity of which does not exceed 600 W (home refrigerators, small freezers ...).

single-phase asynchronous electric motors power up to 1 kW, rarely up to 2 kW, widely stoked in the minds, if only single-phase merging, for example, for driving mechanisms of various accessories, electrified tools, in butt mechanisms, too. Yakshcho winding dviguna live single-phase strum, then the electromagnetic field in the new will be such that it does not wrap around, like in three-phase machines, but pulsating, energy indicators become louder, lower in three-phase ones, but. the starting torque is equal to zero, so the engine cannot be started without special attachments. Therefore, in the stators of single-phase motors, two windings are installed, which are often called winding phases. One of them is head, chi robocha, іnsha dopomіzhna. The windings are rotated along the stator slots in such a way that the axes of them are inserted one by one in space on the electric coil 90 ° (Fig. 1).

Fig.1. Axes of windings of two single-phase motors: a - expansion of coils of different phases in the stator grooves; b - mental image of the phases of the winding.

If the phases of the windings of the windings are not the same, then they will be turned in at the hour, then the electromagnetic field in the stator of the engine becomes overwhelmed. The energy indicators of the engine are improved and the starting moment is indicated. With the destruction of the phases of the streams on the electric coil 90 ° and the same MDS windings, the field becomes circular and the CCD of a single-phase motor will be the largest. It is possible to reach it by making the windings of the motor the same and connecting the capacitor to one of them in sequence (Fig. 2.a). Such motors are called single-phase capacitor motors.

Rice. 2. Schemes for switching on single-phase motors: a - with a permanently increased capacitor (capacitor motors); b - with working and starting capacitors; in - іz starting element; Ср – working capacitor; Sp - starting capacitor; PE - starting element.

The capacitance of the capacitor, the need to remove the circular field, to lie in the active and inductive bearings of the motor windings and the winding. For single-phase capacitor motors, the capacitor should be opened in such a way that the field will be circular for the nominal voltage. Yogo turn on sequentially with one of the phases of the windings for the entire hour of work. This capacitor is called a worker and denoted Por_vn. Before the start of the engine, the capacity of the working capacitor is insufficient for the establishment of a circular field, and the starting moment of the engine is small. To increase the starting torque, another starting capacitor (Cp) is connected in parallel with the working capacitor. The total capacity of the starting and operating capacitors ensures the elimination of the circular field, which wraps around the hour of starting the engine and the starting moment of it increases. After the engine is accelerated, the starting capacitor is turned on, and the robot is left energized (Fig. 2.b). In this order, the engine starts and works with the nominal drive with a circular field, which turns out.

Rice. 3. Scheme of a single-ball concentric winding with m = 2, z = 16, 2p = 2,
transshipment.

The stators of most single- and two-phase motors have single-ball windings with concentric coils (Fig. 3). The stench mayut abo chotiri visnovka - the cob and the end of the head and auxiliary phases, or only three. With three windings, the ends of the main and auxiliary phases are connected between themselves in the middle of the body and the name of the winding point.

Rice. 4. Scheme of a single-ball concentric winding with m = 2, z = 24, 2p = 4, q = 3, wound with “combed” coils.

To change the villota of the frontal parts of the single-ball winding coils, transshipment is often carried out. Even though the number of slots per pole and phase of a pair, then the transshipment windings, in fact, do not fit into the same windings of three-phase machines. Even though the number of q is unpaired, then the large cats in the groups are shattered “combed”, so that the frontal parts of half of their turns are pulled in one direction, and in the other half - in the other direction (Fig. 4).
The need to install capacitors is more expensive for single-phase motors, larger dimensions and lower headroom, so that capacitors go out of tune more often, lower motors. Therefore, more single-phase asynchronous motors rozrakhovuyut on the robot only with one - the head winding. However, in order to make it possible to start up, install and another - an additional winding, which is often called a starting one. It is assigned only for closing the overlay field when starting the engine. Such single-phase motors are called motors with a starting phase (or with a starting winding).
The phases of the stream of the head (robot) and starting windings reach the changeable support of the starting winding with a path of the so-called starting element connected to it (Fig. 2.c) - a capacitor or a resistor (mostly a cheap one is a resistor).
Starting windings, as a rule, are winding up as a working winding and for the number of turns, for the number of coils, and for the crossbar. The stink sounds occupy 1/3 of all stator slots. At 2/3 of the grooves, which are left out, the working winding is ripped apart. Circuits for the number of poles in the working and starting windings are the same (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Scheme of a single-ball concentric winding of a single-phase motor with a starting phase z z \u003d 24, 2p \u003d 4; C1-C2 - head phase, B1-B2 - starting phase.

In order to avoid the installation of resistors, so that they can be re-protected for the next starting stream, in case of single-phase motors, the starting winding is wound from the starting phase by the support of the starting phase. For the purpose of winding the starting winding, wind it from the core of the smaller cut, lower the work, or wrap it with the often bifilar winding.

Rice. 6. Adoption of bifilar turns.

With whom dozhina, the dart grows, її active opir zbіlshuєtsya, and іnductivny opіr and MDS are overfilled with the same ones, like without bifilar coils. In order for the bifilar turns to be established, the coil of the starting winding is wound from two sections from the straight winding (Fig. 6). One section, which is directly wound up with the polarity necessary for starting the machine, is called the main one, and the section with a zigzag winding is bifilar. The rest of the wind may be less than the turns, the lower is the main one. On the diagrams of the windings of the coil, which can often be winded, they are indicated by a loop (Fig. 7a). On fig. 7b shows a winding diagram with a starting phase, which can be partially wound up. The head winding is wound with concentric coils for transshipment. The loops at the coils of the starting phase point to those that the coils are wound with often bifilar windings.

Rice. 7. Scheme of winding with coils, where bifilar turns are made: a - image of coils with bifilar turns on the winding scheme, b - winding scheme with z = 24, 2p = 4.

In winding with bifilar coils, it is necessary to check that in the skin coil of the auxiliary phase, part of the turns are wound in a serrated way. Why change the number of effective conductors at the groove, neutralizing such a number of turns, winding in the main straight line, so for the significance of the number of effective turns at the coil (effective conductors at the groove) For example, for example, a coil lies at the groove, at which there are more than 81 turns, they are wound 22, the number of effective conductors at the groove will be: 81-2-22 = 37.
For the designation of the number of winding coils in the direction of winding a huge number conductors at the groove and the number of effective conductors at the groove, it is necessary to work the return line, so that the total number of effective conductors is taken into account and the result is divided into two. When the number of conductors is 81 and the number of effective ones is 37, the number of winding coils can be: (81-37) / 2 = 22.
The bifilar coil can be removed by placing two sections of the coil in the same grooves, one of which rotates 180 ° about the axis parallel to the grooves. The rights and left of the side of the rotated section are changed by months.
The starting winding of single-phase motors is only reserved for a short-hour operation - for an hour to start the motor. It is necessary to turn on the water in the air, as soon as the engines get married, otherwise they will overheat and the engines will be out of tune. Such motors are installed, for example, for the drive of compressors in all after-burning refrigerators, for the drive of central machines, etc. right cars turn on the windings of the motor, and after the start, turn on the starting winding. The engine works with one working winding.

In some cases, provide information about those, how to connect a single-phase engine to life-giving buildings and facilities. Single-phase asynchronous electric motors are the widest, the shards of them are installed on the most important butt fittings and that technology (computer technology). Sometimes the engines are bought and installed in the workshops, garages, just for the safety of carrying out any kind of robot (for example, under the vantage).

Single-phase asynchronous electric motors are installed on the most important large number of other accessories and equipment.

Robots require the connection of a single-phase electric motor, but it is difficult to do it for a person, as they do not understand electrical engineering and electric drives. Folding is due to the fact that the dvigun can have a lot of windings, and the amateur can have difficulties because of what he does not know, which windings should be connected to the dzherel of life. Therefore, this material looks like a power supply for the average citizen, who does not have the same knowledge about the electric drive and does not understand electrical engineering.

Machine Description

Single-phase electric motors are called asynchronous single-phase electric machines with low intensity. The magnetic conductor of such machines can have a two-phase winding, as it is connected to the starting (starting) and main. The need for the visibility of the windings 2 is offensive: the stench is due to the winding of the rotor wrapping in an electric rush (single-phase). At the moment, such an extension can be divided into 2 categories:

1. The presence of starting windings. In this variant, the starting winding is connected through a starting capacitor. If the start is off, and the machine has increased the nominal speed of the wrap, the start winding is switched on during the life. After which the engine continues to turn on the connection to the operating winding (the capacitor is charged at the start-up hour and turns on the start-up). The required volume of the condenser is standardly indicated by the machine type on the table with the required parameters (standardly it is the responsibility of all motors).
2. Machines with working capacitors. In such electrical machines, additional windings are connected through capacitors. The design of the motor depends on the size of the capacitors. In case of this, the capacitor is overwhelmed and when the machine enters the nominal mode of operation.

To correctly connect the connection electrical machines, it is necessary to determine (or know) how the starting and working windings were designed, as well as their characteristics.

Varto designate: qi windings are different for vicorist conductors (їх peretina), as well as for turns. So for working windings, conductors a bigger cut, and the stench may have a greater number of turns. For this reason, it is important to know that the number of operating windings in different machines is smaller, and the number of starting/additional ones is lower. If you choose the operation of the winding of the motor, there are no particular difficulties, especially when special multimeters are required.

On the support of the described varto, put deyaki stocks.

Apply a connection

Here we look at 3 options for engines, as if they are winding up one kind of one.

Option number 1. The dvigun has 4 visnovkas. You know the beginnings of the windings (sound the stench of the windings in pairs, it’s easy for that).

There are 2 options for arranging the embroidery: either 4 in one row, or 2 in one row and 2 in another. For the first winding, the windings are simpler: the first pair is one winding, the other is another.

At another point, you can get lost between the windings. The most widened option, if one vertical row is one winding, the other is another. Ale varto nobility, that the multimeter can see the value of an unskinned support, as if the windings of different windings were selected. And everything was simple.

They sign an opir at the windings: there, the smaller opir is the one working, and the larger one is the starter.

The connection is made in the coming rank: 220 darts are served on the tovst, and one launcher is connected with the robotic whisk. When it doesn’t wart, it’s not turbulent about the correctness of the winding up - the robot of the machine, and those, in the direction of the wrapping, do not change, no matter what kind of winding up. The wrapping is changed directly through the change of the start winding connections.

Another option is if the machine has 3 biscuits. In this case, when vibrating the supports between the windings, the multimeter shows different values ​​- minimum, maximum, average (as well as they are measured in pairs). Here is a wild kinets, which will be at the minimum and the average value, it is one of the kintsiv of the connection, another vysnovok for the connection of the merezha - the one that may have the minimum value. Visnovok, scho to get rid of - the introduction of the starting winding - can be connected with a capacitor and with one of the ends of the supply of life. In this mood it is impossible to independently change the wrapping directly.

Remaining example. Є 3 vysnovki, and vimіri support between vysnovki in pairs showed that є 2 are absolutely the same value and one more (approximately 2 times). Such rushes were often put on old ones and installed on modern modern cars. The very same thing, if the windings of the machine are identical, it does not matter at all, how to connect the windings.

How to get stuck in practice? The power supply, which is most often asked, even with connected tools (grinders, punchers, screwdrivers, etc.) can be caused by folding. The price is sometimes due to the fact that in the instrument there are collector engines, which often work without starting attachments. Let's take a look at this version of the report.

Starting an electric motor with a collector

Tsei viapadok is the widest. At the distribution of more wines of designations for the butt No. 3. Such engines often get stuck for aftermarket outbuildings, even if they just stink and are cheap.

Sound the cycles of such movements are numbered. To that, for the connection, the following links are connected 2 and 3 one with one (one is the type of anchor, and the other is the type of stator), and the numbers 1 and 2 are connected to the dzherel of life.

If you want to connect such a car without special electronic attachments, you will see only the maximum number of wraps and adjusting the speed will be impossible. With whom there will be a great launching strum and rivkov zusilla under the hour of launch.

If you need to change the wrapping of the rush directly, you should change the connection of the stator and armature by places.

Practical connection

If it is a motor, which should be connected to the measure, it is necessary to respectfully read this plate, where the nominal value of the machine and the capacitor (or dekilkoh condenser) is set. Given the name of the model of the electric machine, it is recommended to know the scheme.

The connection scheme of a single-phase electric motor for various attachments may be different, so it is recommended to choose a scheme for a specific option. In another turn, problems can be blamed, right up to the second exit from the fret of the dvigun (if the wine burns). Dali next pick up a capacitor (yakscho vіn viyshov z fret chi yogo is not). Pidbir zdijsnyuєtsya for special tables, yakі є in dovіdkovіy literature.

We look like a butt pick up the car the rest of the years release. There you can hear the stagnation of a collection of three-phase rush. At times of three-phase disruption, start-up can only be connected to a special starting block, which is necessary to select a specific model of the machine.

At the time of the presence of the collector machine, about 7 darts (± 1) will be brought to the terminal block without improving the grounding (the wire is marked with a similar sign, and a yellow-green wire will come up to the new one). A pair of visnovkіv chirp maє tachometer, the stench is not connected to the border. І by 2 you can choose the stator and the rotor of the electric machine and the marking of the alphanumeric (for example, A1-a1, or A-a). The first letter (capital) means the cob of the winding, the other - the end. The other winding is designated by the letter of the Latin alphabet. Life is fed to the cob of the rotor winding and the end of the stator winding. For whom, it is necessary to sign a long distance with a winding (like a star). If so, the windings of the windings are called for an additional jumper.

After that, I’ll build a trial run, moreover, following the rules of safety engineering.