Impulse life scheme. Impulses dzherel zhivlennya, theory and simple schemes. ⇡ Vhіdny vipryamlyach

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Module 3

Often, when designing electronic appliances, it is often blamed for the short distances to the mass-dimensional indications of the secondary electrical supply (IVEZ). At Tswy Vipadka єdimy Vipyavona є єVosuvnya ІVep on the basis of the viscous spectacles of the Impulse, yaki p_devuvachіv's dips, yakі p_devyuyu ~ 220 V frequency stream of 50 Hz Abo 115 V І frequency stream 400 Hz without groaving the overall low-frequency transformer, and shuttering frequencies 20-400 kHz, and can provide greater pressure at small sizes and heat transfer. Such zherela zhivlennya may be an order of magnitude better weight and size indicators in line with linear ones. ІВЭП with a pulsed high-frequency conversion, significantly improve the rich characteristics of the outbuildings, which live like these dzherel. Pіdstavami for zastosuvannya іmpulsnih ІVEP on osnovі visokochastotnogo Peretvoriuvach mozhut Buti: ymovіrnіst Oscillations vhіdnoї naprugi in the furrows of ~ 100-300 V, mozhlivіst stvoryuvati ІVEP of potuzhnіstyu od desyatkіv watt to hundreds kіlovat on whether SSMSC vihіdnі naprugi, The options visokotehnologіchnih rіshen on osnovі ІS that other components.

Rozrahunok of the transformer of the Chergovy Dzherel Zhivlennya

The way to build a straight line is to lie down in the model of the living room and the possibility of two configurations, which are shown on the little one. Figure 27: Adjusting the alignment. As you can see, three transformer contacts are required for this configuration. Here, only two pins of the transformer are vicorated, the protein coil can be physically larger and, later, more expensive, and this is one of the main reasons why the life of a low level does not vicorize this configuration. Also, in tight necks, in order to increase the maximum strum, which can be applied to the neck, two parallel diodes of tightness can be connected in parallel, so that the maximum strum is raised, which can be completed by the scheme.

Switching to the most important momentum energy of life, low technical and economic factors, the most important of which are:

· Dzherela transformerless living (DBZH) potuzhnistyu up to 500 W may have the same weight and size characteristics compared with analogues, prepared on the basis of mesh transformers;

All blocks of life may have the same circuit for directing and filtering for outputs of 12 and 5 V, therefore, all the blocks of life may have at least two circuits, as shown in the little one. However, for output 3, 3, three options can be selected. The most wide-ranging variant of the dzherelakh zhivlennya low level. The most wide-ranging option for highly productive living quarters. It’s even more rare and worn at expensive ones and even more like dzherelakh. Oskilki exit 3, 3 call victorist scheme 5 in part or often, exit 3, 3 surroundings exit 5 and navpaki.

· The windings of the transformers of the HF colivane of the DBZH may have a greater high width of the struma, when they are prepared, they are richer than the colored metal, which leads to a decrease in the vitrat on the vibration and on the outer materials;

· High induction and small amounts of materials used in the cores of high-frequency transformers make it possible to create a DBZh from a high CCD, which exceeds 80%, which is unattainable in the case of high-frequency dzherela;

The axis of why dzherela may have a rating of "combined tightness", which indicates the maximum tightness, so that two outputs can be taken at once, the maximum tightness of the skin output. On fig. 28 readings An overview of the secondary stage of the low-voltage power supply. Here you can use an integrated circuit, which will give a good signal of tension.

We know a sprat of electrical capacitors and a sprat of coils. The stench is suggested for the stage of filtration. Figure 28: Secondary gerel stage. For the shortest possible view, all cables are recognizable, and we can see two large filtration coils. Small diode 29 shows smaller diodes, which are used to straighten the lines -12 and -5 V, so that the struma can be smaller. The other way around, the voltages can be blown up to the struma richer for 1 A, vimaguchi, so that the power diodes vibrate.

· wide range of possibilities with automatic adjustment of the ratings of the external secondary voltages for assistance on the primary lances of the high-frequency switch.

Let's take a look at some of the examples of structural diagrams for inducing a DBZH with a primary spring of 220, 50 Hz.

On fig. 74, but presented block diagram pulsed zherel zhivlennya, vykonanogo for dosit traditional scheme.

The butt of the components connected to the radiator, which is found in the secondary stage of the low-voltage power supply, was pointed at the little 30. 30: Components of the secondary radiator of low energy saving. Zliva to the right you can know. Integrated circuit of the voltage regulator. The axis of why this visnovok is also called "Energy for morning". Schottky's strain-fighter, which is no more than two diodes, is stuck in one package. Іnshy vipryamlyach Schottka. The shards of the lines vikoristovuyut one and the same vypryamlyach, їhnіy strum can not exceed the maximum strum vpryamlyach.

Vipryamlyach, filter and stabilizer, which is in the secondary lance of this dzherel zherel zhivlennia, budovani on the basis of uzlіv, scho zvuchayutsya in sizable dzherelah elektrozhivlennya. The names of the nodes of the curve are recognized and do not require explanation. The way of realization of the stabilizer (linear or pulsed) in this case is not as important for equal presence as a small functional node. The second line of electric power in other variants of the vykonanny dzherel can be supplemented with one more filter, which is installed between the stabilizer and the innovations. The main knots of the primary lancet є: inlet filter, straightener mesh tensionі HF conversion of the rectified voltage of life with the TV transformer.

This concept is called united power. This parameter wins out less for the low-ranking dzherel. Now let's marvel at the main components, which are victorious at the second stage of a highly productive life. Figure 31: Components of the secondary radiator of a highly productive living room.

Figure 32: Components of the secondary radiator of a highly productive living room. Two straighteners Schottky for the output 12, connected in parallel, and not just one, like in the dzherelakh zhivlennya low level. Schottky output signal for output 3, 3, is the main control between high and low bands.

The need for a variable inlet filter is explained by the fact that, first, this filter is to blame for the use of sharp short-hour haircuts of the voltage of life and pulse shifts, vibrating the robot around impulse outbuildings(HF changeover) or blame at the moment of connection, or switching on at the time of the total number of connections. In a different way, the filter is guilty of effectively using crosses, which penetrate the fence without intermediary, in the middle of life, which vikoristovuetsya.

Lanzyug voltage regulator zahistu dzherel. Which type of function should be stored in the original model. Keep in mind that the maximum strums, as published, are recognized as less for components. The maximum strum, which can supply electricity, will lie in other components, such as coils, a transformer, a lot of vicorous wires and wind the width of the tracks of the other board.

As a matter of fact, you can calculate the maximum theoretical tension for the skin exit by multiplying the maximum strum of the straightener output voltage. For example, for the life jacket shown on the 30th figure, the maximum theoretical power for the output of 12 is 192 watts. Ale ve to the blame of the mother on the spot, those that we only said in the front paragraph.

In the impulse dzherel life (Fig. 74, but) there is a cascade of high-frequency conversion of a self-oscillating type, the auto-cooling mode of this type is less than the values of the ratings of the power elements and is not regulated.

Dzherelo zhivlennya, vikonans behind the scheme, induced in fig. 74, but, you can additionally turn on the rewiring sensor, which will either go to the stabilizer, or to the HF switch, blocking the robot until the moment the malfunction is caused.

Merezhev impulse life

As you know, a car computer, as well as a computer, an attachment, which constantly takes information from the input sensors and mitteva ogo. But do you think for yourself, what schemes allow for marriage? It’s important for everyone to know how to work and how to integrate the process.

High voltage constant voltage

What is a living block? Then we divided the voltage for converting the voltage from the battery into one or a small amount of voltage, which can lead to a variety of different circuits of the electronic control module. What functions can a scheme of living have? Lantsyug zhivlennya appointments for vikonannya offensive functions.

With the correct selection of the elemental base, it was dzherelo, prepared for this scheme, it is simple to implement - it has a head start, prote through a low CCD is rarely achieved. Changes in the KKD are due to the increase in the number of secondary channels of various voltages, skin shards and the need for a voltage stabilizer. With a hundred small circuits, the sensitivity of self-oscillators, connected with the IP power stage, can be even higher, up to the magnitude of the bias. Її zmіna can bring to the sight of HF colivation and instability of the robotic life of a similar kind.

Live wires for electronic appliances can be classified as linear and wired live wires. Linear design seems to be a simple design, as it can become foldable. more strum, which stinks can be safe, proteogo adjustment of the tightness is less effective.

Efficient impulse stabilizer of low folding

Switches the neck with tightness, which is linear, it will be smaller and sound more efficient, but it will be more collapsible and, also, more susceptible to breakdowns. Linear zherela zhivlennya. Linear dzherel inherit the scheme: transformer, straightener, filter, regulation and output.

Structural diagram of the tie rod of life, inspired by the improvement of the optimal principles for regulating the output voltage, is shown in fig. 74, b.

Fig.74, b

Principal importance of this structural scheme in the form of a forward field of the presence of the stabilizer of the secondary voltage. In addition, before it was added a vimiryuvalny lance, which sets the generator, the control circuit, as well as changing the functions of the cascade of the HF conversion. The power cascade works in the mode of subduing the tension of coliving, which is necessary for the schemes of healing. Yogo navantazhennyam є HF transformer. Here, the HF turn can be called the sequence of the advancing nodes: the generator, what is set, the control circuit, the HF power supply, the HF transformer ( TV). Dzherelo, Vikonan is similar to the block diagram shown in fig. 74, b, simultaneously zdіysnyuє two functions - transformation and stabilization of the voltage. The control circuit turns on the pulse-width modulator and, for the most part, selects the ROM operation mode. Vihіdna napruga circuits keruvannya maє the form of rectilinear іpulsіv. Changes of trivality pauses between them, with impulses, regulate the supply of energy in the second lance. The external parameters for the robotic control scheme are the signals of the pardon, which should be in the vimiruval lance, in which the comparison of the reference value of the voltage with the real, present at the given moment on the vantage is carried out. At the signal of the breakup, the control circuit changes the interruption of the pause between pulses at the bіk її zbіlshennya chi change, fallow, according to the magnitude of the deviation of the real value of the voltage, vіd rated. Zocrema, before the control scheme, you can enter the vuzol for the cascade of ROZUM in the event of a short chime.

First, the transformer adapts equal voltages and ensures galvanic decoupling. Regulation or stabilization of the voltage to the set value is reached by an additional component, which is called the voltage regulator. The output can be just a capacitor.

This strum captures all the energy of the circuit, it is possible to protect certain specific moments of the characteristics of the transformer. One of the windings, which is called the primary winding, is connected to the dzherel snake struma, the voltage of which you need to change. The first winding jet creates a magnetic flux Φ near the core, which is manifested by Weber. The core of the transformer is prepared by a molding path of a closed circuit, so that the flow along the whole path is twisted in the middle and does not break out.

The presence of the SHIM of the transmitted voltage presents a lot of power to the parameters and induces a filter that smooths out the rectified secondary voltage. The first element of this filter after the rectifier may be the coil of inductance at the skin channel of the secondary voltage.

Shown in fig. 74, b the scheme, which is the structure of a single-channel living system, in reality, there may be, as a rule, a sprinkling of secondary channels with different navantage building.

Impulse stabilizer with a key MOS transistor for reading the struma

Changed magnetic flux Φ induction at the secondary winding ω2 change electrical disruptive force the value of which is to lie in the number of turns of the winding and the speed of the change in the magnetic flux, as established by the laws of electromagnetic induction.

Living blocks. Dzherelo, which is switched over - is an electronic attachment, which converts electrical energy through switching transistors. In that hour, as a voltage regulator, vicorist polarized transistors in their active area are stronger, the switching of the vicorist core is the same, actively switching them to high frequencies between currents and currents. The advantages of this method include smaller size and mass of the kernel, more high efficiency And, also, less heating. Nedolіki in porіvnіnі z іnіynym dzherelami lie in that stench folded and generate high-frequency electrical noise, yakі nebhіdno retelno mіnіmіzuvati, schob not svoryuvati pereshkod for obladnannya near tsіh dzherel.

On fig. 75 shows a block diagram of a multi-channel pulsed voltage changer. Vimiryuvalny lansyug in such cases is connected to the channel with the greatest comfort. Stabilization of other channels is carried out with the help of other stabilizers and methods of regulation based on the interplay of magnetic fluxes.

Dzherela switching is schematic: vipryamlyach, jumper, transformer, other vipryamlyach and out. Here the functions of the transformer are themselves, like the line pipes, and that is the same camp in a different way. Another vipryamlyach transforms the pulsed change signal from the transformer to an uninterrupted value.

From the other side, the commutators will increase productivity, reduce variability and increase. The main specificity of the living room is productivity, as it stands out as a severe exhaustion between active exhaustion. Like it was guessed earlier, dzherela, who are chuckling, who has a better time.

In other cases, the circuits of external filters are installed, which run on the magnetic core, which is vital for all external channels. Voltage rebuilding through non-main channels can be carried out in a small range and for apparently small voltage changes. When describing practical schemes for the implementation of IP power supply stabilization of the secondary voltage, reports will be reviewed at the same time on a number of channels.

Coefficient of tension - ce active tension between the entrance pressure. Tse is an indicator of the quality of the strum. Crim changing the twisting is as possible as possible, it is possible to increase the voltage on the powered voltage, independently of the splitting of the line, the regulation of the line, or the need, the necessary scheme, the regulation of the voltage.

Special dzherela zhivlennya. Among the alternative dzherel zhivlennya mi can tі, de potuzhnіst, scho sho on navantazhennia, controlled by transistors, yakі controlled by the phase, schob to ensure the necessary natuzhnіst navantazhennia. Recognition of parts and internal blocks of the dzherel; detailed scheme and analysis of components, productivity.

The peculiarity of a variable voltage rectifier is that it is stuck in the new not the strong power diodes, but the Schottky diodes, which are conditioned by the high frequency of the voltage, which are rectified. Exhaust filter smoothes the pulsation of the exhaust voltage. Voltage zvorotny zv'azku for the help of the system, it is compared with the reference voltage, and then the retail signal is sent to the pulse-width controller (modulator). The voltage of the direct current pulses of high frequency from the output of the PWM controller is applied to the input of the transistors in the narrower extension, which is the work of the high-frequency voltage suppressor. The PWM modulator in this hour is built on a microcircuit, for life, as it is built up to a life-sustaining appendage. As a rule, in the lace reworkings, there is a galvanic rozvyazka of the lancet of the zvorotny zvezku. It is necessary, as it is necessary to ensure the release of the output voltage from the mesh.

A detailed look at the diagram of the letters of the vicons for the help of another similar dzherel, the fragments of some of the parts were ruined, so that the viscount was reported to the viscount, for example, if the stench blew everything possible, so as not to zlamati ferit, sorry, which could not be undone, as the priority was taken away report description transformers, number of turns, type of windings thin.

Rozrahunok transformers of foundations on the design of jumpers, known from Russia, you can match the theory and the original design. For these robots and a lot of schemes, you will need a life-timer or a life-timer. Tse dzherelo zhivlennya ring out the power supply, but those who ring out are at the sockets of our booths.

The main node of the voltage reversal is the first power part (pulling out cascade - tension relief).

Vihіdnі cascades of all reversing voltages for the number of impulses that are transmitted to the voltage, in one period can be divided into two great classes: single-cycle and double-cycle. If one impulse is transmitted, then the conversion is called single-stroke, if two, then two-stroke. KKD of the first lower, lower than others, that is why single-cycle vicor is used for the creation of IVEP at a power of less than 10 ... 200 watts. Two-stroke permutation allows you to take away the great exhaustion for the high CCD. One-cycle switching can be for a forward-flowing (with direct switching on of the diode) or a reverse-running circuit (with turning on of the diode). Two-stroke reversing can be bridged, nap_bridge or from the middle point of the primary winding of the transformer.

On the graph below, the robot is shown life for an additional flowchart. The input signal, which goes to the first, is a sinusoidal wave, the amplitude of which is stale, as we live. Dzherel zhivlennya also call the dzherel zhivlennya and dzherel zhivlennya that dzherel narugi or narugi. The regulator removes the signal from the filter and gives it constant voltage regardless of the change in the voltage of life. Transformers zastosovuyutsya to reduce or increase the voltage of the alternating stream. Regulators are either a group of elements or an electronic element, which guarantees that the output voltage will not change from its nominal value in any country. Dzherelo zhiznlennya - tse attachments, some kind of zhivlennya to be-a kind of lancet or electronic attachment, to some kind of connections.

Zrobiv shchey іvertor, schob could live in vіd 12, so avtomobilny variant. After that, having grown everything at the plan of the ULF, food was delivered: what is now yoga? Navit for quiet tests themselves, or just listen? Thinking about all the ATX BP, but when you try to “heap”, the BP is going to zahist, but you don’t really want to rework ... And then the thought dawned on your own, without the usual “bells and whistles” of the BP (crim zahistu, realized). Starting out of schemes, being surprised to see schemes that are not foldable for me. Zreshtoy zupinivsya on tsіy:

The need for trimming vіdmіnno, but for replacing deyakyh parts more drastic allow vychaviti from it 400 W and more. Chip IR2153 - self-clocking driver, which is developed specifically for robots in ballasts energy-saving lamps. Vaughn can be even a little slower, and it can be eaten through an intermediate resistor.

I will add storage

We need to pay for etching (etching, cleaning, drilling). Archive from PP.

I bought a couple of daily details (transistors, irka and iron resistors).

Before the speech mesh filter I took it out of the PSU from the disk program:

Now the best thing in IIP is a transformer, although there is nothing coherent here, you just need to be aware, how to wind it correctly, and all those. For the cob it is necessary to know what and how to wind, for which it is an anonymous program, the proteo is the widest and popular with radio amateurs - Excellent IT. We have our transformer.

Like Bachimo, we had 49 turns of the primary winding, and two windings of 6 turns each (secondary). Motatimemo!

Transformer preparation

So, as we have a ring, it will be better for all facets of yogo under the hood of 90 degrees, and as a winding right on the ring, it is possible lacquer insulation, and yak naslіdok mizhvitkove KZ toshcho. To switch off this moment, the edges can be carefully sawed off with a file, or wrapped with cotton tape. If so, you can wind the primary.

After that, as wound, once again wrapped with an insulating ring with a primary winding.

Let's sweat the beast secondary winding, Well, it’s true, there’s a little more folding here.

As can be seen from the program, the secondary winding can be 6 + 6 turns, that 6 wires. To do this, we need to wind two windings of 6 turns with 6 strands of 0.63 wire (you can choose by writing in the field with the wire diameter in front). Otherwise, it’s easier, you need to wind 1 winding, 6 turns with 6 cores, and then again the same one. In order to make this process simpler, you can, and wind up winding at two tires (bus-6 is alive with one winding), so we are uniquely skewed in tension (if you want wines, they can be but small, and often not critical).

For bazhannyam, the second winding can be isolated, but not obov'yazkovo. Now, after that, the transformer is soldered with the primary winding to the board, the second one to the straightening, and the winding of the winding is unipolar from the middle point.

Vitrata midi is significantly larger, but less than the cost (in a similar way less heat), and you can beat just one single sample from the ATX power supply unit, which, having served your term, or simply non-working. The first time the shoes are turned on, it is carried out with a light bulb included in the living room, in my mind, just by pulling the guard, and a plug is inserted into the lamp socket.

If the lamp burned out and went out, it’s normal, because the capacitor was charging, but I didn’t have this phenomenon, either through the thermistor, or through those that I put the capacitor at 82 microfarads at a time, or maybe all the places will ensure a smooth start. The result, even though there are no problems, can be included in the IIP measure. I have 5-10 A, lower than 12 V without having passed, then what is necessary for the life of the auto power supply!

If the power is close to 200 W, then the resistor that sets the threshold for R10 is responsible for 0.33 Ohm 5 W. Yakshcho vіn bude in shaving or burn, burn all transistors, as well as a microcircuit.
Merezhevy capacitor is selected from the distribution: 1-1.5 microfarads per 1 W of the block tension.
In this scheme, the frequency of the conversion is approximately 63 kHz, and in the course of operation, singsongly, more quickly for the ring of the brand 2000НМ, the frequency is changed to 40-50 kHz, because the boundary frequency is 70-75 kHz on the same ring without heating. Do not chase after a great frequency, for this scheme and the ring of the 2000NM brand, it will be optimally 40-50 kHz. The frequency is too high to bring about commutation inputs on transistors and significant inputs on transformers, which means more significant heating.
If you have a transformer and switches heated at idle with the correct folding, try to reduce the capacitance of the snubber capacitor C10 from 1 nF to 100-220 pF. The keys must be isolated from the radiator. Instead of R1, you can change the thermistor from the ATX power supply unit.

Axis of the end

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