How will the vector diagram of the linear electric line Pobudov vector diagrams of the stream and voltage

Malyunok 25 - Vector diagram of the stream at the point KZ

Malyunok 26-Vector diagram

Figure 27- Vector diagram of the stresses at the cross section A-A

Malyunok 28 - Strum vector diagram crossover B-B

Figure 29 - Vector diagram of the tension of the crossbar B-B

Rozrahunok periodic warehouse strumu KZ method of typical curves.

Headmaster III. Rozrahunok of periodic storage jet of three-phase short circuit

by the method of typical curves.

When a periodic stream of a three-phase short circuit is assigned, a direct sequence diagram is formed for the cob moment to the hour, in which the generator has supertransitional parameters; the ambition is not to cheat (Fig. 2). The rozrahunku technique is described in. After equivalence is removed, the intermediate circuit (Figure 30) is transformed to the exchange point looking like a short circuit point (Figure 31). With which vicorist, the coefficients of strumorosis are subdued.

In the process of simplification of the substitution scheme, the following are supported: X 15 \u003d X 1 + X 2 / 2 \u003d 0 + 0.975425 / 2 \u003d 0.4877125 about.

X 16 \u003d X4 + X5 \u003d 0.84 + 1.53 \u003d 2.37 o.o.

Maliunok 30 - Intermediate scheme Maliunok 31 - Rozrakhunkov scheme

X 17 \u003d X6 + X7 \u003d 0.88 + 0 \u003d 0.88 o.o.

X 18 \u003d X 11 + X 9 / 2 \u003d 0 + 1.240076 / 2 \u003d 0.620038 o.o.

X 19 \u003d X12 + X13 \u003d 2.117202 + 0.192308 \u003d 2.30951 o.o.

X EC \u003d X 18 * X 19 / (X 18 + X 19) \u003d 0.620038 * 2.30951 / (0.620038 + 2.30951) \u003d 0.488807 o.o.

Z 1 \u003d X EK / X 18 \u003d 0.488807 / 0.620038 \u003d 0.78835.

Z 2 \u003d X EK / X 19 \u003d 0.488807 / 2.30951 \u003d 0.21165.

X 20 \u003d (X ek + X 17) / Z 1 \u003d 1.736294 o.

X 21 \u003d (X ek + X 17) / C2 \u003d 6.467324 o.

The scheme was taken away, I depicted it on a small 31. We could see cops of periodic streaks in the area of ​​short circuit.

I "G \u003d E 2 / X 16 * I B \u003d 1.13 / 2.27 * 2.5102 \u003d 1.196846 kA.

I "C1 \u003d E 1 / X 15 * I B \u003d 1 / 0.4877125 * 2.5102 \u003d 5.146885 kA.

I "C2 \u003d E 3 / X 20 * I B \u003d 1 / 1.736294 * 2.5102 \u003d 1.445723 kA.

I "C3 \u003d E 4 / X 21 * I B \u003d 1 / 6.467324 * 2.5102 \u003d 0.388136 kA.

Strumi vіd postіynі systems. A periodic strum, typical curves, is assigned for a synchronous generator with a thyristor or high-frequency wake-up system. Vіdpovіdno up to the methodology is covered nominal strum of the synchronous generator, and then the number of the typical curve is displayed.

I GN \u003d S GN / * U B \u003d 100 / (* 0.85 * 230) \u003d 0.295320 kA;

I * PZ \u003d I G2 " / I GN \u003d 1.196846 / 0.295320 \u003d 4.05 "4.

So, as an extension of I Г2 "/I ГН" 4, then 4 typical curves are selected:

I KZPOST \u003d I "C2 + I" C3 + I "C1 \u003d 5.1468885 + 1.445723 + 0.388136 \u003d 6.980748 kA

t, sik		0,1	0,2	0,3	0,4	0,5
I G t /I ” G, o.		0,85	0,78	0,755	0,75	0,745
I G t, kA	1,1968	1,017	0,933	0,903	0,897	0,891
Sumarny I K t, kA	8,1775	7,9977	7,9137	7,8837	7,8777	7,872

Like a butt, we can look at the rebuffing of a periodic strum at a time of 0.1 sec. According to the curve at the 4th moment of the hour, the ratio In, t, g / Inog = 0.85 is indicated.

Appointed chinne meaning periodic storage jet short circuit type generator: In, t, g = 0.85 * Ino * I NOM = 0.85 * 4.05 * 0.2953 = 1.017 kA.

The total periodic strum at K (3) at the node K is shown a little 32 in the comparison of typical curves.

Figure 32- Graph of the fallow of the total periodical strum at the hour of short circuit Ikt = f (t)

Manager IV. Rozrahunok periodic warehouse strumu asymmetric short circuit by the method of typical curves.

For the purpose of periodic short circuit streaks at (1.1), by the method of typical curves, a replacement scheme for the reversal sequence is formed without balancing the interference (Figure 33). Then we carried out the comparison of the substitution scheme and the elimination of the equivalent support of the serum sequence. The sequence of questions is shown below in Figures 34-37.

X 15 \u003d X 1 + X 2 / 2 \u003d 0 + 0.975425 / 2 \u003d 0.487713 o.o. X 16 \u003d X4 + X5 \u003d 0.84 + 1.87 \u003d 2.71 o.o.

X 17 \u003d X6 + X7 \u003d 0 +0.88 \u003d 0.88 o.o. X 18 \u003d X 11 + X 9 / 2 \u003d 0 + 1.240076 / 2 \u003d 0.620038 o.o.

X 19 \u003d X 12 + X 13 \u003d 2.117202 + 0.230769 \u003d 2.347971 about.

X 20 \u003d X 15 * X 16 / (X 15 + X 16) \u003d 0.487713 * 2.71 / (0.487713 + 2.71) \u003d 0.413327 o.o.

X 22 \u003d X17 + X21 \u003d 0.88 + 0.490508 \u003d 1.370508 o.o. X EK2 \u003d X 20 * X 22 / (X 20 + X 22) \u003d 0.413327 * 1.370508 / / (0.413327 + 1.370508) \u003d 0.317556 o.o.

Figure 33 - Scheme of substitution of the serum sequence

Figure 34 - Scheme No. 1

Figure 35 - Scheme No. 2

Figure 36 - Scheme No. 3

Baby 37- Equivalent circuit replacement of serum

Consequences

Similarly, we fold the replacement scheme for the zero sequence (Figure 38). The order in which the substitution circuit is asked is shown below in Figures 39-42.

Figure 38 - Rozrahun's zero-sequence substitution scheme

X 13 \u003d X 1 + X 2 / 2 \u003d 0 + 4.585 / 2 \u003d 2.292 o. X 14 \u003d X 10 + X 9 / 2 \u003d 0 + 6.82 / 2 \u003d 3.41 o.o.

X 15 \u003d X 11 + X 12 \u003d 7.41 + 0.769 \u003d 8.18 o. X 16 \u003d X 13 * X 4 / (X 13 + X 4) \u003d 2.29225 * 0.84 / (2.29 + 0.84) \u003d 0.615 o.o.

X 18 \u003d X6 + X17 \u003d 0.88 + 1.338581 \u003d 2.219 o.o.

X 17 \u003d 1 / (1 / X7 + 1 / X15 + 1 / X14) \u003d 1 / (1 / 3.016 + 1 / 8.18 + 1 / 3.41) \u003d 1.34 o.o.

Figure 39 - Scheme No. 1

Figure 40 - Scheme No. 2

Figure 41 - Scheme No. 3

Figure 42 - Equivalent circuit for substituting zero

Consequences

For the achievement of the set task, the equivalent data of the direct sequence from the forward task is cited. To improve the features of K (1.1), we take the scheme, the small 43 is pointed.

Looking for a vipadka with a zero dart. Vector diagrams of voltage and strum are given in Figures 15 and 16; on the little one 17, the diagram of strum and voltage is given

1. The axes of the complex plane will be: real values ​​(+1) - horizontally, apparent values ​​(j) - vertically.

2. Depending on the value of the modules of the strum and the voltage and the expansion of the fields of the arches, introduced for the diagrams, the scales of the strum mI and the voltage mU are selected. When using the standard A4 format (dimensions 210x297 mm) with the largest modules (div. Table 8), the struma is 54 A and the voltage is 433, the following scales are taken: mI = 5 A/cm, mU = 50 V/cm.

3. With the adopted scales mI and mU, the value of the skin vector is assigned, so the diagram will be based on the variation of the display form; With different algebraic forms, there are more than two projections of vectors on the axes of actual and apparent quantities, that is. dozhini deysnoy and vyavnoy parts of the complex.

For example, for phase A:

Dovzhina of the struma vector /f.A/ = 34.8 A / 5 A / cm = 6.96 cm; dozhina of the yoga part

I f.A \u003d 30 A / 5 A / cm \u003d 6 cm,

dozhina yoga visibly part

I f.A \u003d -17.8 A / 5 A / cm \u003d -3.56 cm;

Dovzhina of the stress vector / A load. / \u003d 348/50 V / cm \u003d 6.96 cm; dozhina of the yoga part

U A load = 340.5 V/50 V/cm = 6.8 cm;

dozhina yoga visibly part

U Anagr. \u003d 37.75 / 50 V / cm \u003d 0.76 cm.

The results of the selection of the values ​​of the vectors, their actual and apparent parts are shown in Table 9.

table 9 zero dart.

Value	Scale, 1/cm	Dovzhina vector, cm	Dovzhina of the fissile part, cm	Dovzhina of the visible part, cm
Merez phase stresses	U A	50 V/cm	7,6	7,6
UV	7,6	- 3,8	- 6,56
UC	7,6	- 3,8	6,56
Phase stress	U Anagr.	50 V/cm	6,96	6,8	0,76
UV load	7,4	- 4,59	- 5,8
UC load	8,66	-4,59	7,32
U0	1,08	0,79	- 0,76

Proceeding tables 9

Strumi phases of recruitment	I f.A	5 A/cm	6,96	6.0	- 3,56
I f.V	7,4	1,87	- 7,14
I f.S	3,13	0,1	3,12
I 0	10,8	7,9	- 7,6

4. Pobudov vector diagrams of stress.

4.1 On the complex area there will be vectors of phase voltages of life lines A, B, C; z'dnavshi їх іхінці, otrimuyut vectors and linear stresses AB, PS, SA. Then the vectors of phase voltages will be generated. A load, load, Z load. For їх pobudovi it ​​is possible to vikoristovuvaty insults in the form of a record of complexes strumіv that naprug.

For example, vector A load. will follow the display form like this: in the axis +1 under the cut 6 10, then. against the arrows of the year, the vіdklaєtsya vіdrіzok zavdovka 6.96 cm; for the form of yoga algebra, you can induce, by adding the keys along the axis +1 with a length of 6.81 cm, and along the axis + j with a length of 0.76 cm, and the coordinates of the end of the vector A load.

4.2 Because line voltage to determine the position of the neutral voltage, it is necessary to select the parallel transfer of the vectors of the phase voltages of the voltage A load., B load., Z load. so, schob їh kіntsі zbіgli z kіntsami phase voltage lifelines.

Krapka 0, in which it appears on the cob, є neutral vanity. At this point, there is a end of the voltage vector used at neutral 0, the first cob is stashed at point 0. This vector can be induced by victorious data in Table 9.

5. Pobudov vector flow diagrams.

5.1 Pobudova vectors phase streams f.A, f.V, f.S.

5.2 Additions of phase stream vectors include the stream vector at zero droit 0; yogo dozhina and dozhini yogo projections on the axes of blame are zbigtisya from the designations in table 8.

Vector diagrams of streaks and voltages for shaving a zero dart will be similar.

Next vikonati analysis of the results of the investigation and encouragement vector diagramsі zrobiti vysnovka about the injection of asymmetry of navantage by the value of the phase voltage and the neutral voltage; I will especially respect the need to shave the zero thread of the net for the asymmetric trend.

Note. It is allowed to use strum and voltage diagrams for washing with different colors.

Figure 15. Stress vector diagram

16. Strum vector diagram.

Figure 17. A vector diagram of the stress and streaks was obtained.

a) Understanding vectors

On fig. 1-4 change curve snake struma in hours. The strum increases from zero (at = 0 °) to the maximum positive value + IM (at = 90 °), then changes, passes through zero (at = 180 °), reaches the maximum negative value - IM (at = 270 °) i , nareshti, turn over (at = 360°). After that, the entire cycle of changing the struma is repeated.

The curve of changing the strum at the hour is shown in fig. 1-4 is called a sinusoid. Hour T, which lasts for a new cycle of changing the struma, which changes the wind up to 360 °, is called the period of the changing struma. The number of periods for 1 h is called the frequency of the strum. At industrial installations and in the Soviet Union and other countries of Europe, the main rank is replaced by a change of strum with a frequency of 50 Hz. This strum 50 times per second receives a positive and direct view.

The change of the strum in the hour can be written in the following way:

de i - mitteve meaning of the struma, that is the meaning of the struma at the skin moment to the hour; I m - the maximum value of the struma; - apex frequency of the strum, f = 50 Hz = 314; - Cob cob, which depends on the moment of the hour, for which it starts at the hour (at t = 0).

For the rimmed vipadu shown in fig. 1-4,

Analyzing the installation of the relay protection and automation, it is necessary to set the stream and voltage, add up or take them out, designate the cut between them and overcome other operations. Koristuvatisya with which curves, podіbni until pointed in fig. 1-4, unhandedly, shards of sinusoidal struma and tension take a lot of time and do not give a simple result. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity, it is customary to depict the strum and the voltage at the sight of the straight lines, which can be seen directly, - the so-called vectors (OA in Fig. 1-4). One end of the anchoring vector at the point is the cob of coordinates, and the other wraps around the anti-year arrow.

The value of the struma or the voltage at the skin moment is indicated by the projection on the vertical axis of the vector, the value of which is more equal to the maximum value of the electrical magnitude of the struma or the voltage. Tsya projection will be either positive or negative, taking the maximum value with a vertical expansion of the vector.

For an hour T, equal to the period of the strum, the vector sets the next turn along the stake (360 °), occupying a sequential position, etc. At a frequency of 50 Hz, the vector zdijsnyuvatime 50 rev / s.

In this order, the vector of the struma or the voltage is straight lines, equal to the magnitude of the maximum value of the struma or the voltage, which wraps around the point against the hand of the Year's arrow of the swidkistyu, which is determined by the frequency of the struma. Knowing the position of the vector at the skin moment of time, it is possible to determine the value of the struma or the voltage. Thus, the position of the struma vector OA, shown in Fig. 1-5 th mitteve the meaning is determined by the projection on the vertical axis, tobto.

3 fig. 1-5 we can say that the strum at a given moment of time has a positive value. However, we still do not give a full statement about the process in the lance of the strum, so it is not clear which means positive or negative strum, positive or negative stress.

In order for vector diagrams of strums and voltages to give an exact picture, they need to be related to the actual overrun of the process of the lancet of the strum, so it is necessary to take in advance the mentally positive voltages of the strums and voltages in the circuit.

Without vikonannya tsієї razum, yakscho not set positive directing strumіv that naprug, whether or not the vector diagram does not have the desired sensation.

Let's look at a simple single-phase lance of a snake strum, pointing in fig. 1-6, a. From a single-phase generator, energy is transferred to active opir navantazhennya R. Asked by the positive directing of the stream and the tension at the looked-out lance.

For smart positive direct voltages and e.f.s. it is accepted directly, if the potential of the generation of the generator or the vanity, connected with the line, is greater than the potential of the generation, obtained from the earth. Vіdpovіdno up to the rules adopted in electrical engineering, positive direct for ed with. it is marked with an arrow directed at the higher potential (from the ground to the line lead), and the voltage is indicated by an arrow directed at the lower potential (from the line lead to the earth).

Let's have a vector and e.d.s. and struma, which characterizes the work of the lanceug, which is seen (Fig. 1-6, b). Vector e.d.s. rather significant vertical line with an arrow straight up the hill. To induce the struma vector, we write for the lancer equal to the other according to Kirchhoff's law:

Oskіlki signs of vectors in the stream and e.d.s. Virase (1-7) zbіgayutsya, the vector struma zbіgatimetsya s vector f.s. the one in fig. 1-6, b.

Here and nadal in case of pobudovі vektorіv vіdkladatimemo їх after the value equal to the effective value of the struma and the stress, which is handy for vikonannâ different mathematical operations with vectors. As you can see, the effective values ​​of the struma and the voltage are much less than the average maximum (amplitude) values.

When specifying positive directions of the struma and tension, the sign of tightness is clearly indicated. In this case, tension will be positive in this direction, straightened out from the generator tires into the line:

shards of vectors and strums and e.f.s. in fig. 1-6, b avoid.

Similar microscopy can be used for triphasic lanceug zminny struma, shown in fig. 1-7, a.

In the same way, all phases take the same positive direction, which is why the flow diagram is symmetrical and the voltage is shown in Fig. 1-7, b. It is significant that such a thing is called symmetrical three-phase system vector_v, if all three vectors are equal in magnitude and zsunut_ one is one per cut of 120°.

Vzagali seeming, not obov'yazkovo accept, however, positively directly prevail in all phases. However, it is not easy to take different positive directions in different phases, because it happened to be asymmetric system vector_v pid hour work electric lansyug normal symmetrical mode if all three phases are in the same minds.

b) Operations with vectors

If we consider only one curve of the struma or the voltage, the cob value of the kuta, for which it is necessary, or, otherwise, apparently, the position of the vector on the diagram, which indicates the cob moment of the hour, may be accepted. As soon as two or two streams and voltages are seen at the same time, then, having given the postal positions on the diagrams of one of the vectors, we ourselves already determine the positions of all the other vectors.

All three phase stress vectors are shown in fig. 1-7, b wrap around the anti-Year arrow with the same speed, which is determined by the frequency of the snake stream. With this stench, the vertical line is overwhelmed, as if zbіgaєtsya with the direction of the vector in fig. 1-7, b, according to the song sequence, and the very same is called the drawing of the phases of the voltage (a.k.a. struma).

In order to signify mutually the expansion of two vectors, it seems to sound that they stand out from them and look like the other. In case of any viperedzhayuchim, the vector is important, which, with the wrapping of the anti-godinnikov’s arrow, is earlier than the vertical all. For example, we can say that the voltage vector in Fig. 1-7 b vyperedzhaє on the kut 120°, or, from the other side, the vector is in the direction of the vector on the kut 120°. As can be seen from Fig. 1-7, viraz "vector vіdstaє on cut 120 °" is equal to viraz "vector vіdstaє on kut 240 °".

When analyzing different electric circuits vinikaє nebhіdnіst fold or vіdnіmati vectori struma and voltage. The addition of vectors is carried out by geometric summation according to the parallelogram rule, as shown in fig. 1-8 a, on whom the sum of strums was induced

So, like a vіdnіmannya, it’s obvious that for the designation of retail strums (for example, it’s enough to add a vector, a strum

Vodnochas in fig. 1-8a it is shown that the vector of the retail stream can be made simpler, by linking the line of the vector vector In this case, the arrow of the vector of the retail stream is straightened into the index of the first vector, tobto.

Absolutely similarly, there will be a vector diagram of the interfacial voltage, for example (Fig. 1-8, b).

Obviously, the position of the vector on the plane is determined by its projections on whether it be two axes. So, for example, in order to determine the position of the vector OA (small 1-9), it is enough to know its projection on the mutually perpendicular axis

Vіdklademo on the axes of coordinates of the projection of the vector i v_dnovimo z point perpendicular to the axes. Cross point tsikh perpendicularіv і point A - one end of the vector, the other end of the same є point O - the cob of coordinates.

c) Assignment of vector diagrams

Practitioners who are engaged in the design and operation of relay protection, often have to win at their robots with the so-called vector diagrams - vectors of surges and voltages, having been on the surface of the circuit, which are involved in electrical processes, circuits.

Vector diagrams of strums and voltages will be observed during short fluctuations, and during the analysis, strums will subside in normal mode.

Analysis of the vector diagrams of the stream and voltage is one of the main, and in a number of cases, the only way to re-verify the correctness of the flow lance and the voltage and the inclusion of the relay in differential and direct protection circuits.

As a matter of fact, the use of vector diagrams is sufficient for all modes, if two or more electrical quantities: strum difference at the maximum strum or differential protection, strum and voltage in the relay directly to the tension or support in the direct relay. The vector diagram allows the generation of visnovoks about those, how the analysis will be done when short flicker to evaluate the correctness of inclusion. Mutually roztashuvannya vectors of strum and voltage on the diagram are shown by the characteristics of the lancet, which is seen, as well as by mentally accepted positive directions of strum and voltage.

For example, let's look at two vector diagrams.

On fig. 1-10 as shown single-phase lanceug changeable strum, which is formed from the generator and sequentially connected the second active and inductive support (acceptably, the inductive support is larger for the difference x L > x C). Positive straight streams and tensions, like and in the slopes, looked more widely, marked in fig. 1-10, but with arrows. Pobudov’s vector diagrams are almost the same as e.g. 1-10 b vertically. The size of the strum, which passes in the lance, which is looked at, stands out from the offensive viraz:

Shards in the analyzed lanceg are active reactive supports, and x L > x C

On fig. 1-10 b impulses the vector in the direction of the vector at the 90° cut. Voltage at point n depends on the difference of vectors. The voltage at point m is calculated in the same way:

d) Vector diagrams for the obviousness of the transformation

For the sake of simplicity, it is necessary to introduce additional intelligence in the electric line of the transformer in order to set the streams and voltages on the different sides of the transformer with vector diagrams. Positive direct streams should be set by adjusting the polarity of the transformer windings.

Zalezhno directly winding the windings of the transformer, the mutual direct streams are changed in them. In order to signify directly the streams in the windings of the power transformer and put them together, give the transformer windings smart designation"the cob that rush".

We draw a diagram, I point it at fig. 1-6, less between dzherel ed. і navantazhennyam uvіmknemo transformer (Fig. 1-12, a). Significantly, the cob of the windings of the power transformer with the letters A ta a, kіntsi - X ta x. I have a trace of memory, that the "cob" of one of the windings is taken quite enough, and the other one is assigned to the smart positive direct streams, setting both windings of the transformer. In fig. 1-12, and the positive directing of the streams in the windings of power transformers is shown. In the first winding, positive ones are directly considered struma from "on the cob" to "on the cob", and in the second - from "on the cob" to "on the cob".

As a result, with such positive directings, the struma in the support is filled with such a straight line that it is up to the switching on of the transformer (div. Fig. 1-6 and 1-12).

de - magnetic fluxes in the magnetic circuit of the transformer, and - create qi fluxes to magnetize forces (n. s).

From the rest of the day

Vіdpovіdno to іvnostі (1-11) vectors and may have the same signs і, then, zbіgatimutsya y directly (Fig. 1-12, b).

Accept positive direct currents in the windings of the transformer

The secondary stream on the vector diagram runs straight ahead (Fig. 1-12, b). For the stresses, it is also necessary to manually take such positive directions, so that the vectors of the secondary and primary stresses zbіgali, as shown in Fig. 1-12.

In this case, there may be a place for connecting a transformer according to scheme 1/1-12. Vidpovidno for a three-phase transformer, the circuit of the circuit and the vector diagram of the stream and the voltage is shown in fig. 1-14.

On fig. 1-15 used voltage vector diagrams, transformer wiring diagrams

On the side higher voltage, where the windings are connected in a star, the interphase voltage is shifted by several times the phase voltage. On boots lower voltage, where the windings are connected to the tricot, the interphase and phase voltages are equal. Interfacial stresses on the side of the lower stress increase by 30° from the analogous interfacial stresses on the side of the higher stress, which corresponds to the circuit diagram

For the circuit of the circuit of the transformer windings, it is possible to induce and vector diagrams of the streams that pass from both sides. At the same time, only positive direct currents in the transformer windings are indicated on the basis of the minds adopted by us. Positive direct lines in the line wires, which connect the windings of the lower voltage windings of the transformer with tires, can be taken quite independently from positive direct lines in the line wires, which pass into the tricot.

So, for example, in order to take a positive direct stream at the phases on the side of the lower voltage from the visnovkiv, connected by the tricutnik, to the tires (Fig. 1-15 a), you can record the advance of the evenness:

Vidpovіdna vector diagram of strumіv is shown in fig. 1-15, Art.

Similarly, it is possible to induce the vector diagram of the streaks and the streaks, if the strums are positively directly accepted from the tires to the visnovkis of the tricot (Fig. 1-16, a). Tsіy nagodі vіdpovіdat advancing rіvnostі:

and vector diagrams, pointed at fig. 1-16, b. Por_vnyuyuchi strum diagrams, pointing at fig. 1-15, і 1-16, b, it is possible to work the windings, which are the vectors of the phase streams, which can pass by the wires, which can wind the windings of the windings of the lower

What is the voltage of the transformer and busbar, which are in antiphase. Zvichayno, like ti, so і інші diagrams є virnimi.

In this way, for the obviousness of the circuit of the windings connected to the tricutnik, it is necessary to ask for positive directing of the streamers, both at the windings themselves, and in the linear drota, which will drive the tricoutnik from the tires.

In the analyzed way, when the power transformer group is selected, manually for positive acceptance directly from the lower voltage to the busbars, the shards at their vector flow diagrams are shifted from the accepted designations of the power transformer power transformer group, fig. . Similarly, vector diagrams of strums and other groups of power transformers can be stimulated. Formulated a higher rule for stimulating vector diagrams of surge and voltage in circuits with transformers for vibrating transformers of stream and voltage.