Thermal Radiators

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If the design of the scorching system of the booth is carried out, the designers in the first part of the day are expected to be significant, the amount of heat will need to be worked out, so that a comfortable living will be created at the booth. Why lie down? Nasampered by such an indication, as heat transfer of radiators of scorching (the table will be shown below).

What is the thermal conductivity of the opaluval battery? This is the criterion of thermal energy, which is seen in the span of an hour. Won at W / m * K, deyaki virobniks at the passport indicate another unit of wim - cal / year. In fact, they are one and the same. In order to convert one into a foreign language, to increase the speed of spiving: 1.0 W / m * K \u003d 859.8452279 cal / year.

What is added to the heat transfer coefficient

Heating temperature.
The material from which the igniter batteries are made.
Proper installation.
Install the appliqué.
Change the radiator.
Connection type.
Construction. For example, the number of convection fins in steel panel radiators.

With the temperature of the heat carrier, everything was clear, what is more, there is more heat in the fitting. With other criteria, the more less understood. Let's look at the table, where you can find out what material and how much heat you see.

To put it bluntly, if you show the same time, you can talk a lot about what, from which you can grow visnovok, for example, aluminum can heat power four times as much, lower chavun. This allows you to lower the temperature of the heat carrier, as aluminum batteries are vicarious. І tse to bring to the economy of the fire. But in practice, everything goes differently, even if the radiators themselves are prepared for different forms and designs, the model range of their floorings is so majestic, so you can’t talk about exact numbers here.

Connection type

I would like to report more on this criterion. On the right, in the one that is heat-carrying, passing through the internal volume of the battery, filling it unevenly. And if there is a heat wave on the right, then this unevenness even strongly flows into the step of this display. Let's take a look at the fact that there are three main types of connection.

Correctly installed

Not all people understand that the infamous radiator is guilty of correct installations. Іsnuyut sevnі pozitsії, yakі can invest in heat supply. I tsі positions in such vipadkas can be vikonuvatsya zhorstko.

For example, a horizontal fit fit. The most important factor, the most likely to fall, as the heat-carrying middle is collapsing, the intestines are becoming more stable.

To that, we are glad to those who are trying to install the batteries of scorching with their own hands - the daily distortions of the place, try to beat the necessary control instruments (rhubarb, temple). It cannot be admitted that the batteries in different rooms were installed on more than one level, it was important.

Chavunni radiators scorched

Chavun batteries were installed in all standard apartments. At the same time, the stench is so self-sufficient in drinking, it’s true, in a smaller world, mainly for rich apartment houses.

Chavunnі radiators of scorching mayut high inertness tobto. the stench rises for a long time when the heat is supplied, and so it reaches it itself. It is necessary to lie that one such chavunna section may have a volume of 1.45 liters, which is a minus, especially for foreign workers.

The only shortfall is those who for such batteries have unsafe hydraulic shocks, so that the chavun itself will finish the hard material. The average value of the vise, which can be vibrated by chavun batteries, is 9 kg / cm 2 at a temperature of 130 0 C.

The ethereal look overwhelms the beauty, which is often covered with special screens for a more aesthetic look. The stench requires fast food, because chavun is called postiyno irzhaviє. Mayut great vaghu and unruly in exploitation.

To positive powers, one can see the price and the possibility of increasing the additional sections.

Chavunny radiators resist corrosion, high thermal conductivity. One chavunna section provides heat at 160 watts.

Aluminum batteries can have good heat output, close to 190 W and low inertness. the building is heated quickly at the hour of heat supply. They can withstand a working pressure of about 20 atmospheres, so they can be installed for centralized scorching. Possibility of build-up around the sections, as necessary.

For a private memory book, it is important that one aluminum section has a volume of close to 0.37 l, which allows you to save on heating water and antifreeze near the scorching system.

Aluminium, behind power, is soft metal, which is sensitive to other hard, light particles. Basically, it is relevant for houses from central scorching. For a private forgetful, it is especially important. However, if you have installed vibrators on aluminum scorching radiators, it is recommended to install additional filters at once with them for the collection of various debris in the system.

Alyumіnієvі radiators vіrіznyayutsya process vrobniztva. Buvayut lithium and stamped. Stamped batteries are not recommended to be placed at booths with central burning. the stench is sensitive to the warmth of heat.

Aluminium, a chemically active metal, from which the deaks are squealed. When closed with other metals at home, a galvanized couple can be so called. Here, metal corrosion is observed. For so many different parts of the opalescent system, they should work together for help of adapters, so as not to let the metals stick together without a middle, and thus protect corrosion.

As in the quality of heat transfer and vicarious antifreeze, then there is a high possibility of corrosion appearing in the middle of the battery. wine to enter the reaction with aluminium, which lowers the CCD. Therefore, it is better to win radiators at the zamіskom cottage, de heat-carrying water.

The internal parts of aluminum radiators, when heated, react with heat transfer and sometimes begin to see and accumulate water. So that the water does not get stuck in the pipes, install a special valve, which slowly releases it.
Alyumіnієvі scorched radiators may have an aesthetic look and do not interfere with additives.

high KKD;

elegant design;

you see a high vice;

small vaga section.

corrosion is possible with non-acidic antifreeze;

it is necessary to see again after the help of the valve.

Steel radiators

Mayut garnu teploviddacha, mayzhe the same as in aluminum, and low thermal inertia, tobto. hang high KKD. Dzhe zruchnі during installation. equipped with fastenings, different suspensions. Like a heat-carrying one, you can beat it like water, and so can antifreeze.

Steel batteries vibrate like okremi panels, so there is no possibility of building up a section on aluminum and chavunnyh. It is necessary to pick up the necessary dozhina.

Steel radiators are scorched from the shell, like a steel sheet. In the middle are the mid-tubes, which are connected between themselves with partic- ular plates, which increase the coefficient of heat transfer.

Due to their design, steel radiators are also called panel radiators.

inertia-free radiator;

high heat output;

do not neglect additives;

Optimal price.

there is no possibility of building up a large section.

For their design, panel steel radiators are divided into sprat types. Vіdminnіst mizh types polagaє kіlkosti panels and interpanel plates.

On a small point, a view of the animal for different types of panel radiators, on which one is more accurate.

How can you understand, what is better type panel radiator , the tim is more strained. But it's not all that simple. We encourage you to marvel at a small video on this topic, de rozpovidaєtsya, on which warto give respect when choosing.

Bimetal heating radiators

Bi-metal radiators of scorching, as the name suggests, are made up of two metals and unite their greatest powers.

As a rule, it is possible to wash the steel middle, as it allows to show a high pressure, as well as an aluminum shell, which gives a high heat transfer.

It is possible to install a system with a central burner.

Such two-metal batteries create a modern design, heat up and cool down quickly, create a high KKD.

behind old-fashioned look Few of them are cooled by aluminum radiators.

Advantages of bimetal radiators:

high heat output;

you see a high vice;

contemporary design;

great arrogance;

Noodles:

high price.

Rozrahunok radiators scorched

In order to correctly analyze the number of necessary sections, it is necessary to know the deeds of the dovodkovy data. The figures show how much heat is needed to keep the house warm. Usі znachennya to be directed on the area of 10 m 2 .

For panel booth 1.7 kW required;
For a cellar house 1 kW;
For the apex rooms, the data is multiplied by the coefficient 1.2.

Butt: Kіmnata 15 m 2, kutova, tseglyany budinok. We divide an area of 15 m 2 into a rozrahunkov area of 10 m 2 and multiply by 1 kW.

15m2/10m2*1kW=1.5kW.

Because we have an apex kіmnata tse values need to be multiplied by a factor of 1.2. We take into account that 1.8 kW of heat is needed for heating such an appliance. If so, it is necessary to select the necessary scorching radiator. Qi data are due on the passport for batteries. We will induce less than a deuce of light pressure for different radiators.

Chavunny - 160 W one section;
aluminum - 190 W one section;
steel - 450-5700 W for all panels;
bimetal - 200 W one section.

If you see that you are scorched on bimetal radiators, then you need 1.8 kW / 0.2 kW = 9 sections. Take more stock up to one section. change the temperature in the room more easily, install the additional section lower.

What to pour into the scorching system

Such food is blamed less on private forgetters, but only the stench can be vibrated. It’s better to fill in water with antifreeze, to deposit it in the boiler room and pumping equipment, heat exchangers, scorched pipes.

Water is the found and most accessible homeland. Vaughn victorious for warming up and in private and richly superficial everyday life, but there may be a number of shortcomings.

Vaughn can be operated for positive temperatures. During freezing, there may be breakdowns in pipes, boilers, and because, which will lead to the end of the operation of the whole scorching. If you turn on the heating of the house, then you will have to piss off all the water from the system.

The water that is victorious for scorching, as a rule, is not distilled that may be impersonal small houses. When heated, there are different chemical reactions that lead to the appearance of salts on the inner surface of the pipes and scorching radiators. After that, efficiency is lost and KKD is reduced.

In the scorched, de-victorized water, you can install any type of radiators: chavunn, aluminium, steel, bimetal.

The main power of antifreeze is freezing at lower temperatures compared to water. The term of service is close to 10 opiate seasons, after which it should be replaced as soon as possible.

With such a scorched, it is impossible to vicorize the elements that avenge zinc, because. wines fall and settle on the inner walls of pipes, boilers, batteries.

Once again, we guess that if you use vicorist antifreeze, rather not install aluminum scorched radiators, but replace them with steel or bimetal scorched radiators, you can obviously use vicorist and chavun, but it will stink more and more.

It is quite obvious that the main task of the scorching radiator is the most efficient heating of the room. І the main parameter, which determines how much the scorching tool copes with these tasks, є heat output of the scorching radiator.

This indicator is individual for the skin model of radiators, moreover, the type of connection is added to the heat supply, the features of its placement and other factors. How to select the optimal thermal radiator from a glance, how to connect it as efficiently as possible, how to increase the heat output? About everything we are told about this article!

Teploviddacha is a key indicator of efficiency

Designation of heat output

Teploviddacha is an indication that indicates the amount of heat transferred by the radiator to the premises for the song hour. Synonyms of heat transfer are such terms as heat sink exhaustion, thermal exhaustion, thermal flow, etc. Heat dissipation is being reduced scorching accessories y Watts (W).

Get respect! In some dzherelakh, the heat exhaustion of the radiator is induced in calories for a year. Qiu value can be converted to Wat (1 W = 859.8 cal/year).

Heat transfer from the scorching radiator is achieved through three processes:

Heat exchange;
convection;
Viprominuvannya (radiation).

Leather radiator singed with vicorist all three types of heat transfer, however, they are different in other types of scorching extensions. Behind the great fire, radiators can be called those accessories, in which no less than 25% of thermal energy is transferred as a result of direct vaporization, the past year's meaning of the term has significantly expanded. Therefore, often under the name "radiator" you can use the attachment of a convector type.

Rozrahunok of the necessary heat supply

Selecting radiators for scorching for installation in houses or an apartment can be grounded on the most accurate roses. necessary pressure. From one side, everyone wants to spare, that there is no trace of the battery, but from the other side - if there are not enough radiators, then in the apartment it will not be possible to maintain a comfortable temperature.

Sposobіv rozrahunku nebhіdnoї teploї natuzhnostі opalyuvalnyh priladіv є kіlka.

The simplest way is to build on the number of ovnishnіh walls and vicons they have. The resurrection is carried out as follows:

Like the occupant has one outer wall And once, then skin 10 m 2 area of application requires 1 kW of thermal exhaustion of the scorching batteries.
As in the application of two ovnishnі walls, then on the skin of 10 m 2 area, the application needs to be less than 1.3 kW of thermal exhaustion of the scorching batteries.

Another way of folding, ale wine, gives the possibility to take the most accurate value of the necessary tightness. Rozrahunok go through the formula:

Sxhx41, de:

S- the square of the kіmnati, on the yak, a rozrahunok is carried out.
h- Vysota pri_shchennya.
41 - Normative indication of the minimum pressure per 1 cubic meter of the total accommodation.

The value will be taken off by the necessary intensification of the scorch fittings. Dali the next step of dividing the nominal heat output of one section of the radiator (sound the following information to pass the instruction to the opalizing attachment). As a result, we take into account the number of sections necessary for effective scorching.

Please! As a result, you got a fractional number - round it up on the larger side, because a little tightness of scorching will greatly reduce the level of comfort in the accommodation, lower it too much.

Thermal supply of radiators from various materials

Opaluvalny accessories from different materials are treated with heat transfer. Therefore, when choosing a radiator for an apartment like a house, it is necessary to respectfully consider the characteristics of the skin model - it is often necessary to close the shape and dimensions of the radiator to the difference in tightness.

Chavunni radiators– Mayut perceptibly small surface of the heat-dispensing area, vіdznyayutsya low thermal conductivity of the material. The heat output is mainly due to the heat exchanger, only about 20% falls on the convection part.

The nominal pressure of one section of the MS-140 chavun radiator at a heat transfer temperature of 90 0 C becomes close to 180 W, but these figures are only fair for laboratory minds.

In fact, in systems of centralized scorching, the temperature of the heat carrier rarely rises above 80 degrees, at which point part of the heat is spent on the way to the battery itself. Through war, the surface temperature of such a radiator becomes close to 60 0 C, and the heat output of one section is selected at 50-60 watts.

Steel radiators eat at your own positive energy sectional and convection radiators. As a rule, a steel radiator includes one or more panels, in the middle of which circulates heat. To increase the thermal pressure of the radiator, steel ribs are additionally welded to the panels, which work like a convector.

The heat output of steel radiators is not richer, lower in chavunny ones - to that, before such scorching accessories are overcome, it is possible to freeze the heat of a remarkably small mass and a more attractive design.

Get respect! At a reduced temperature of heat transfer, heat supply steel radiator decrease even more strongly. Therefore, since your system has circulating water with a temperature of 60-75 0, the indicators of the heat output of a steel radiator can be adjusted according to the statements of the virobnik.

Thermal supply of aluminum radiators the light is higher, lower in two frontal varieties (one section - up to 200 W), but there is a factor that is between the blockage of aluminum scorching accessories.

The main factor is the water quality: in case of cloudy heat transfer, the inner surface of the aluminum radiator is known to be corrosive. Axis why, regardless of the good indicators for exhaustion, aluminum radiators varto install less at private booths autonomous system scorched.

Bimetal radiators for indications of heat transfer are not subject to aluminum. For example, the Rifar Base 500 model heat output of the section becomes 204 watts. That stench is not so powerful. But you have to pay for the efficiency, and the price of bi-metal radiators is cheap, lower batteries from other materials.

Radiator heat output control

The fallowing of thermal power supply in the form of connection

The heat output of the radiator should be deposited not only depending on the temperature of the heat carrier and the material, for which preparation of the radiator, but also on the method of connecting the radiator to the scorching system:

A direct one-way connection is important to the most vigilant of the heat output. For this reason, the nominal pressure of the radiator is covered by itself for a direct connection (the diagram is shown in the photo).

Diagonal connections are made in that case, when a radiator with more than 12 sections is connected.
The lower connection of the radiator is vicorated for connecting the battery to the scorching system attached to the tie. Spend heat output for such a connection to become up to 10%.
One-pipe connectionє least visible from a look of tightness. Spend heat output for such a connection can become from 25 to 45%.

Please! Connection implementation methods different type You can watch video materials placed on this resource.

Ways to increase heat transfer

Let's try not to tighten your radiator, often you want to increase your heat output. Particularly relevant is the problem during the winter period, if the radiator, which should be worked on full of tightness, not coping with the temperature of the host.

A few ways to increase the heat output of radiators:

The first way is to clean the surface of the radiator more regularly. Chim clean radiator, more rіven yogo teploviddachi.
It is also important to fill the radiator correctly, especially if you use vicorist chavunn sectional batteries. The old farbi ball is overheated by effective heat exchange, so before filling the batteries, it is necessary to remove the ball of the old farbi. It will also be effective to use special faucets for pipes and radiators, which can have a low heat transfer rate.
To ensure that the radiator is as tight as possible, it is necessary to install it correctly. Among the most wide-ranging pardons at the installation of radiators fahivtsі see the batteries are bad, the installation is close to the sublog or the wall, the radiators are blocked by invisible screens or objects of the interior.

To improve efficiency, it is possible to carry out an audit of the internal empty radiator. Often, when batteries are connected to the system, scorings are left, on which they sometimes get noticed, which breaks the flow of heat.
Another way to ensure maximum visibility is mounting on the wall behind the radiator to the screen, which is visible, from the foil material. This method is especially effective when fully equipped radiators are installed on the outer walls of the building.

There are more methods that allow you to move the heat output of the radiator with your own hands. However, you may not need the stink, so you can choose a model, which may be tight, enough to keep warm at your booth!

The main task of batteries is to efficiently heat the premises. Key characteristic yakіsnoї roboti opaluvalnoy system є teploviddacha, yak vorazh є obsyag heat that is transmitted, for a few hours. The heat output of the radiators is scorched to fall into the rich nuances, the details of which will be discussed below.

Heat transfer is a key characteristic of an acidic robotic scorching system

What you need to know about heat supply

Exhaustness of the radiator, thermal stele, thermal exhaustion - all ci understanding is identical to the thermal output, which is the same as watts. Sometimes a thermal bed is also measured in calories. Qiu value can be converted into a per-hour per Wat: 1 W equals approximately 860 calories per year.

Thermal transfer is carried out after a number of processes:

thermal exchange;
convection;
viprominuvannya.

The battery has all three methods of heat transfer, but their specific proportions vary depending on the type of scorching effect. There may be an outbuilding to the radiators, which may not be less than a quarter of the heat seen at a direct view of the industry. However, it is necessary to replace that on this day, between the lines, the walls were worn out, the shards began to be called convector attachments as radiators.

Rozrahunok required thermal supply

The choice of batteries is to be based on the most correct calculation of the necessary pressure. From one side - zayvі sections ї nі up to what, but from the other side - lack of tightness brought to impossibility to reach the bagan temperature.

On the effectiveness of the scorching, the specifics of the application are added. Among them:

the square of the kіmnati;
the height of the stele;
local destination (on roses);
over;
number of ovnishnіh walls and vicons;
characteristics of installed vicons;
the presence of a heat-insulating agent on the outer walls;
presence of heat in the hosted appendages;
presence mountain dwelling that kind of yoga insulation.

It is necessary to use a sprinkling of techniques for the frying of the need for tightness of the scorching system. The simplest way will be on the appearance of a large number of windows and walls that are between the streets. Pidrahunok to fight like this:

The simplest way to relieve sweating of the singed system is to reduce the number of windows and walls that are between the street

a standard situation (one window, one wall) needs 1 kW of thermal tension on the skin 10 square meters acceptance;
if the occupant has two windows or two oval walls, the correction coefficient is fixed - 1.3 (in other words, on the skin of 10 square meters, 1.3 kW of thermal pressure is needed).

The offensive method is a little more folding, but it allows you to take more accurate indications of the necessary tension, as one of the parameters is the height of the place.

For the calculation of victories, the formula is:

Pressure = area of application x height of the room x 41

The negative result is the need for thermal exhaustion. To determine the number of required sections, dividing the result for the thermal output of one section (indicated in the battery data sheet).

Please! As a result, you can calculate a fractional number. In this direction, the number needs to be rounded off on the larger side.

Heat dissipation and battery material

Looking at the construction materials, the main types of radiators are: chavun, steel, aluminium, and bimetal. In skin cases, heat transfer is observed.

Chavun batteries

Such radiators are characterized by an insignificant surface thermal output, as well as low thermal conductivity. The heat supply of chavunnyh radiators is dependent on us in front of the industry and only part of it falls on convection.

The skin section of the chavunny battery may have a nominal intensity of 180 W. If such ostentatious figures reach less than the minds of laboratory tests. What a language about systems central scorching, heat-carrying less heat is heated higher than 80 degrees, moreover, part of the thermal energy is spent on the way to the radiator. As a result, the actual heat output is fixed at a level of 50-60 W.

Steel batteries

Radiators of steel are folded from one or two panels, between them, so called ribs, which act like a convector. Teplova vіddacha steel outbuildings are only a few things, lower in chavunnyh. That's why their main advantage is low weight and more aesthetic design.

As the temperature of the heat carrier decreases, the heat output of the steel battery drops sharply. In connection with this, the actual characteristics of the radiator can be adjusted depending on the designation by the virobnik company.

In the case of heat-dispensing aluminum radiators, all indications are paired with steel and chavunny outbuildings (up to 200 W per skin section). However, there is an intermediate layer of aluminum in the scorch system - scalability to corrosion. The aluminum arc is sensitive to the intensity of heat transfer, so it is better to install such radiators in private booths.

Bi-metal batteries

In terms of thermal performance, this type of radiators is not superior to aluminum. In some vipadkas, 200 watts are overwhelmed. In case of any bimetal additions, they are not so sensitive to heat transfer. Nestacha tsikh priladіv - high vartіst.

Delay of thermal supply according to the type of connection

Characteristics of the battery lie not only depending on the temperature regime of heat transfer and structural material, but also depending on the type of connection to the scorching system:

direct one-way connection - the most efficient, reference type of connection;
diagonal connection - vikoristovuєtsya to reduce heat loss, as batteries more than 12 sections;
lower connection, with which up to 10% of energy is spent - it is stopped for starting opal system at the screed;
one-pipe connection - the most viable, heat consumption is in the range of 30-45%.

Options for increasing heat supply

Іsnuє kіlka ways to promote thermal output:

The radiator is to blame but we clean it, which will require a systematic water cleaning.
Nadto tovsty farbi ball on the chavunnіy battery destroys the heat exchange. Therefore, when fusing, it is necessary to vicorate special farbies with a reduced heat transfer support.
First, put the farba on the battery, which was at the place of residence, it is necessary to remove the old farba. For farbuvannya, it is better to zastosovuvat dark enamel, which is applied to two balls. Dark colors can reduce the intensity of heat by approximately 10%. Light on the surface sounds more effective, but not so effective for heating purposes.

The battery may be correctly installed: without any fuss, on the correct side of the wall and footer.
The radiator is not guilty of hiding behind decorative curtains or curtains.
At the inner part of the building, it is not guilty to be noticed that the circulation of heat is important.
Increase the heat output of the screen with foil, which can be installed on the wall behind the battery.
The reason for the decrease in temperature may be over-twisted valves. Moreover, if you try to turn them around, you may not be successful through the illumination, which is vinyl on the cut. And here it is necessary to call a plumber.
Just before the hour of the opposing season, it was clear that this segment of the radiator was cold, there was a damaged circulation of heat transfer through the accumulation of third-party vents at the bottom of the annex. Troubleshooting problems may be more accurate tapping on the attachment. You can also add an order electric stove or electric heating. When the water is heated in the battery, a vortex rush is initiated, which can destroy the place of storage of the air or destroy it.
The temperature can also drop through repair robots at the susіdіv, as if the stench was broken up by the riser with the help of the “warm pіdlog” installation, or they began to scorch the additives, which reduced the pressure on the system.

Also, the factors of good heat transfer of radiators: I will arrange the model and material, the type of connection, the correct design of the number of sections, the appearance of the features of the accommodation, the completion of the rules of operation of the possession. To achieve the maximum heat output, it is necessary to control all parameters. For the sake of the city, there will be warmth and comfort in the host.