The principle of robotic dzherel uninterrupted life
Thyristor inverters - ce extensions, yakі pratsyyut on an autonomous voltage and signs for the transformation of the voltage fast strumu at the strain snake struma setpoint of regulated frequency. inversion call the process of converting the energy of the steady stream into the energy of the serpentine stream (Fig. 1).
Fig.1 Diagram of the post-morning and vicious strum.
Zastosuvannya:
1. In systems of electric power supply, if there is a single life-sustaining cord, there is a voltage cord of a steady stream (for example: a battery or a sony battery).
2. In systems of guaranteed power supply, there are different voltages of life (for example: for special needs of power plants, EOM).
3. For frequency regulation of the speed of asynchronous motors.
4. For the life of the spiky strumu in the line of the electric power supply of the stunky strum.
5. Converters for converting constant voltage have the same value constant voltage other values.
Switching elements in inverters are thyristors and power transistors.
Inverters are subdivided into:
1. Autonomous inverter and frequency conversion.
2. Inverters, keeping a yard.
Autonomous inverter and frequency changer.
Autonomous inverters - tse attachments that convert the constant strum to a variable one with a constant or controlled frequency and work on an autonomous drive. At the front of the inverters, run by a railing, an autonomous inverter on the side of the changeable stream is not the least energy supply and the frequency, but the inverter itself.
Changing frequencies - all attachments that transform the change strum of one frequency change strum of another frequency.
Before autonomous inverters and frequency shifters, which is used in a particular installation, such help:
1) ensuring maximum efficiency;
2) minimally installed tightness of okremikh knots and elements;
3) the possibility of a wide regulation of the output voltage;
4) ensuring the stability of the output voltage when changing the magnitude and nature of the stress, as well as the input voltage;
5) ensuring the sinusoidal or close to sinusoidal form of the curved output voltage;
6) the possibility of regulation at the singing boundaries of the output frequency, which is necessary for us in the installations of the valve electric drive;
7) the number of sightings inverted for the hour of changeover;
8) the ability to work in idle mode;
9) ensuring maximum durability and durability. Naturally, in order to increase the schemes of autonomous inverters, lie in a specific inverter feature. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the optimal version of the inverter circuit, protecting the mode of operation and navantazhen, which are consumed in the light.
Autonomous inverters can be classified behind these basic signs:
1) behind the transformation scheme;
2) for the method of switching (zamikannya);
3) for the way of curing;
4) the nature of the course of electromagnetic processes.
Distinguish such basic conversion schemes:
1) single-valve (Fig. 2.1, but);
2) single-phase with zero winding (Fig. 2.1, b);
3) single-phase with zero vivenance of the dzherel zhivlennya (Fig. 2.1, in);
4) single-phase breaking (Fig. 2.1, d);
5) three-phase brukivka (Fig. 2.1, e);
6) three-phase with zero whisker (Fig. 2.1, e).
Reshta schemes є similar transfer groups. Bridge circuits are known to be the most wide-ranging in converting technology. For the method of switching autonomous inverters can be divided into kilka groups.
Rice. 2.1. Change schemes
Inverters with individual switching. The switching attachment of the inverter is used to switch one thyristor (valve arm) of the inverter. To this type of inverters, there are inverters based on ceramic valves - dual-operation thyristors and power transistors.
Inverter with phase switching. Switching attachment of the inverter to serve for alternating switching of thyristors of two valve arms, which lie up to one phase of the inverter.
Group switching inverter. In such inverters, for the switching of all valve arms of one group (anode or cathode), serve as an extension, which is switched on.
Inverters from the main switching. Switching attachment is the main one for all valve arms of the inverter. A switching capacitor is located at the switching attachment of the inverter.
Inverter with intervalve commutation. In such inverters, the switching of the skin working thyristor occurs when the operating thyristor, which is advancing in the order of the operation of the thyristor, is out of phase, or else of the group.
Inverter with interphase switching. Switching attachment of the inverter to serve for alternate switching of two thyristors of different phases.
For the control method of the inverter, refer to inverters for self-starting and for outside (independent) wake-ups.
In inverters with self-excited control pulses that are fed to the thyristors, they are formed from the output voltage of the inverter. The frequency of the output voltage depends on the voltage parameters.
In inverters with independent energizing, the electric impulses are formed by an external generator, which sets the frequency of the output voltage. Considering those that the frequency of the output voltage cannot be influenced by the parameters of the input, the given type of inverters is the most wide-width in the conversion technology.
Depending on the features of the overrun of electromagnetic processes in autonomous inverters, it can be divided into three main types: power inverter(Fig. 2.2, a); voltage inverter(Fig. 2.2, c); resonant inverters(Fig. 2.2, e).
Strum inverters are characterized by those that stench is formed at the input strum ( i wih) and the shape and phase of the voltage lie in the parameters of the stress.
The jerelo of the constant strum is operated in the mode of the strum generator, for which the reactor is turned on at the input port L d with great inductance. Besides, the reactor L d vykonuє functions of the filter of the main harmonic voltage, so that up to a new, at some point in the hour, a difference is applied between the constant voltage of the energy supply and the pulsating voltage at the input of the inverter; transferring the discharge of the capacitor to the life cycle for the hour of switching the struma in thyristors and ensuring the aperiodic mode of the inverter operation, which is characterized by small pulsations of the input struma. The next step is to indicate that, when the inverter is alive, it has characteristics similar to that of the strum, throttle L d can be daily.
The Strumu inverter is responsible for the safety of the operation mode, when between the anode and cathode of the thyristor, when it is closed, for a long time, the negative voltage is maintained, which is necessary for the flickering power of the thyristor. Tsey hour t week is called the hour of the wobble (Fig. 2.2, b).
With an active-inductive nature, the balance of reactive tension is ensured by switching and compensating capacitors. Capacitors can be fully energized in parallel, in series, in series-parallel.
For Strumu inverters, the characteristic energy exchange is between switching and compensating capacitors, included in the lances of the strum, the reactivities of the lancet are driven by the choke L d in the lansy of the entrance struma.
In the idle mode, the strum inverter is not practical due to the increase in the amplitude of the reversal and the direct voltage on the thyristors. When switching the robot, it is difficult after an insufficient hour to restore the flickering powers of the thyristors. The inverter of the struma can be close to the sinusoidal form of the output voltage, the pulsations of the input struma are perceptibly small, the ability to reverse the tension flow directly without changing the straight stream (when switching to the straightening mode). Zovnishnya characteristic of the inverter strumu є m'yakoyu.
Rice. 2.2. Single-phase bridge circuit of the Strumu inverter ( but) and inverter voltage ( in); clock diagrams of the strum and the voltage at the output of the strum inverter ( b), voltage inverter ( G) and resonant inverter ( d) with active-inductive navantage
Inverter voltages form the voltage voltage, and the shape and phase of the struma lie according to the nature of the voltage. Dzherelo zhivlennya vruzheniya і vruzha pratsyuє in the mode of the generator vpruzheniya. If the inverter is to live in a direct voltage, then a capacitor is placed in the input to add a large capacity for ensuring the conductivity of the voltage supply voltage at the direct line. It is necessary, if the warehouse has a supply of reactive elements of any type. Through the turnpike (D1...D4) zdіysnyuєtsya energoobmіnі mіzh akupuchuvachami, є є navantazhennya є zherelom zhilennya or condenser Z 0, and in multi-phase inverters - also energy exchange between the phases of the input. Capacitor Z 0 vykonuє functions of the filter of the greater harmonic struma, so as in a new way it flows through the difference between the weekends and the constant at the borders of the best periods of the entrance strum. The voltage inverter can be used in idle mode. The operation of the voltage inverter in a mode close to a short flicker is determined by the switching power of the circulating valves or acceptable way switching and parameters of switching elements of the main thyristors. The inverter of the voltage is practical, there may be small changes in the shape of the curve and the magnitude of the output voltage when changing the output frequency in wide ranges. The switching processes in them do not add much to the shape of the curved output voltage, and the installed tension of the switching elements is equally small. The current characteristic of the voltage of the inverter is zhorstka.
The main areas of stosuvannya _invertor_v strumu and іvertor_v prugi є: stabil_zovanі for vyhіdnimi parametrіvіvаchі frequency; the second time was alive with a change of strum; frequency-regulated electric drive installations
In resonant inverters, the voltage, which can, as a rule, have a significant inductance, which establishes an oscillating circuit with a voltage resonance with the reactive elements of the inverter circuit. The switching off of the thyristors of the inverter leads to a smooth drop to zero of the anode thyristor strum (the strum of the kolivalny circuit) on the skin napkin period (Fig. 2.2, e). The power frequency of the circuit in resonant inverters is to blame for the greater or lesser operating frequency of the inverter. Capacitors, which enter the warehouse of the kolivalny circuit, can be connected in series with the vents, in parallel to it, or in series-parallel, and the throttles - in the lances of the inlet stream, in the anode lances of the valves, or in series with the vents.
Resonant inverters are characterized by intensive energy exchange between accumulators, which enter the circuit warehouse. Resonant inverters can operate in a generator, which is used in generator mode. d.s. chi strumu. Inverters, which are powered by the power generator, are called inverters with a closed input, and those that are powered by a stream generator are called closed inputs.
The resonant inverters may have a close to sinusoidal shape of the voltage and struma in the input, smoother increase (in most circuits without turning diodes) and the decay of the struma through the valves, which ensures small switching losses in the rest. Tsey type the inverters should be stagnant for moving the output voltage frequencies (single kHz, tens of kHz).
It follows that specific schemes of autonomous inverters often show signs of different classification groups at the same time depending on the performance of parameters, operation mode, etc.
Invertory, vedenі merezhey.
Maintenance of the inverter(BІ) work on the line, de є іnshі dzherela elektroenergії. The commutation of valves in some of them is controlled with additional energy from the network. The frequency at the output is the most important frequency of the line, and the voltage is the voltage of the line.
The principle of operation of an inverter driven by a mesh, you can look at the butt of the simplest robot single-phase inverter , induced in Fig. 3, but. Lanciug to revenge the old post-inverted . d.s. U d. last turn on thyristor IN, throttle L d and output transformer Tr. Primary winding Tr it is connected to the measure of the changeable stream, which I create on the secondary winding of the voltage u 2. According to the thyristor IN this voltage periodically changes its sign, in one part of the period adding up to the U d in іншу - vіdnіmayuchi z new. By reference to inverted voltage thyristor IN switch on the wire directly.
Energy is transferred from the inverter to the edge of the changeable jet, if the direct inverted jet i B that serpentine voltage u 2; protilezhnі, then if u 2і U d zustrіchni.
The process of inverting is possible, as U 2m >U d. For inverting, it is necessary to drive a thyristor up to the moment O 1 if the voltage on the anode is still greater than zero. Tse maє place for all places of management< < 0 , de g - boundary control mode, which has access to the boundary mode of the inverter operation.
Rice. 3 Schemes of a single-phase (a) and two-phase (c) inverter, led by a mesh; temporal diagrams of surges and voltages (b, d), a family of input characteristics of the inverter (e).
Nehtuyuyuschimi in the scheme, you can write
de x d - reactive opir contour.
Z equal vyplivaє, scho swidkіst change the struma i Bbe directly proportional to retailU d -u 2.
Yakscho, , strum i B growth (Fig. 3b). At U d -u 2 = 0 i B reaches the maximum U d -u 2 < 0 i B change and subtract for the amount of energy accumulated in the inductance of the inductor L d. Trivality of thyristor robot after point O 1 is signified by the hour, the stretch of which energy will be rozsiyana. The amount of accumulated energy is proportional to the area S1і S2, and pink - S 1'і S2'. Therefore, the transfer of the strum in the inverter's lance is due to the moment, if, at a given cut, the control of the offensive area ( S1і S 1' or S2і S2') become equal among themselves.
When changing the kuta of management at the bikyogo change of area S1 you will grow steadily. Vіdpovіdno to tsoy may growth and area S 1'. However, the growth rate of the area at the assigned values U 2mі U d surroundings with a sinusoid O 1 …O 1". As soon as the entire reserve of the area will be stained, the thyristor, once turned up, it’s not possible to turn anymore, and from the point O 1' Yogo Strum U d -u 2> 0, the inverter will switch to the mode short hum. Dot, mottled O 1', as a sign of between stable robots of the inverter, is called boundary,
The loss of resistance by the inverter (overturning) in real inverters is earlier, lower is indicated by a point O 1", so for the recognition of the flickering power of the thyristor, after the yogic switching, a certain interval of the hour () is required for re-switching the electric charges p-n- transitions. Also, in the real circuit of the inverter, the thyristor is guilty of mimicking earlier on the cut, below the spot will be reached. O 1", moreover, tse viperedzhennya can zavzhd vydpovidat to the most important mode of the thyristor robot, yakum = max .
A similar picture can be taken and yaksho = const, a U d= var.
A scheme has been explored to avenge the elements themselves, like kerirovaniya vipryamlyach, pratsyyuchy on the contrary. d.s. Prote role proti-e. d.s. in inverter mode U d , and the voltage is the measure of the streak. Sob tse could mother mіsce, nebhіdno during the transition from the direct mode to the inverter change the sign U d that zbіshiti kut upravl_nnya for interborder.
Spacing between the main parameters of the circuit does not change, and, therefore, the working mode of the inverter can be described by the same equals, that the working mode is straight, with this difference, that it is dzherelo U d stepping into this vipadka not like a quickie, but like a generator active tension. For the account of which dzherel, everything is spent in the inverter. In this rank, having known the power of e.d.s. inverter in idle mode through U d take:
de U x i U a - reactive and active input voltages.
In an inverter led by a rope, U x >> U a. The simplest single-phase inverter, conducted by a mesh, is characterized by even low energy indicators through the trash of the output transformer and the significant creation of a stream form both on the side of the change, and on the side of the constant voltage. Z tsієї reasons for the inverter, the maintenance of the fence, sound like a rich phase.
On fig. 3, c, g submissions two-phase inverter circuit that timchasі diagrams strumіv ta naprug, scho explain yogo robot.
Selection of the necessary work voltages, for which it is ensured that the stroke passage of the struma by thyristors is ensured IN 1і IN 2 in the interstices of the skin z periods of change, the voltage is reached by the choice of the moment of thyristor activation for additional control impulses. When applying an impulse to the thyristor IN 1 not long before, like the voltage on the phase BUT becomes negative, this thyristor fires and passes the jet more importantly with a negative voltage phase. BUT.
Zustrichny direct negative voltage e 21 as far as the anode strum i 21 mark the reception of the phase of tightness in the presence of a dzherel fasting strum. The tension in the transformation process is transmitted through the struma through the secondary and primary windings of the transformer in the mesh. single-phase strumu. Such transmission of tension itself occurs in the onset of the next period through the phase IN secondary winding, if through it that thyristor IN 2 flowing strum.
Transition (switching) of the struma from the thyristor IN 1 for thyristor IN 2 it feels like it’s on its own, like in a vibrating mode, stretching out for an hour, called the cut of commutation .
The role of thyristors when the struma is inverted is reduced to the role of jumpers, secondary windings, And for the one that provides the most negative voltage in the first part of the period. In a small space of natural switching of the strum, which is characterized by the transition of the strum from one thyristor to the next, the influence of the ferrous thyristor may be affected by some kind of overshoot against the ear of the negative period. Tse viperedzhennya in the hood of the world is called kuta viperedzhennya.
Kut of viperedzhennya is guilty of a sufficient one, not only for the fact that the natural switching of the thyristor streams (kut), but also for the fact that after the switching of the strumov was left until a positive voltage appeared, sufficient for the magnitude of the coil, stretching out such a thyristor, blaming its work seize to restore your own fading power.
Yakschko Piscekomutsiyniy Kut Messa, Nіzh Potrіbno for a trunk of a thyristor's zymikayuyuyuyuyuyu, then a spoken of positive downtown on the anode of thyristor, Shahko ZAYSHIK THE ROBO, VIN ZNOVA VІDMIKATS, І STRUM OF PRIVOVA PROTIKATI, UPRUTING POSIVPERІODІ ZMINNOY DROWORS, SHO CHEVER TO RESTRANNE IFTERTOR.
In this way, for the normal operation of the inverter, it is necessary that
de - kut viperedzhennya (management), shko vіdrakhovuetsya vіd point peretina phase naprug v bіk vіperedzhennya; t voss - hour of renewal of thyristor power.
Spivvіdnoshenna between strumas and voltages for the driven inverter can be deducted from spіvvіdnoshen for a similar circuit of a kerovanny rectifier, in which case the value (-) is given.
Viraz for rozrahunku strumu inverter may look:
The average value of the input voltage of the inverter (voltage anti-e.d.s.) is calculated from the idle voltage and the increase in voltage during the switching period:
Idling voltage is determined by viraz:
(1)
The increase in voltage, confusion is a phenomenon of commutation, cost:
or the function of the input stream
(2)
In terms of (1) and (2) it is necessary to vary the input characteristics of the inverter:
From the view (3) it can be seen that on the vіdmіnu vіd vіdnіshnyої vypryamljach's characteristics, other dodanok vznajaє її decline zі rostannym strumu, іnvertor vіdmіnu vіd vіdnіshnyої vpryamlyach's characteristics. Increase in input voltage U d b I d b explained by adding the switching maidanchik to the sinusoidal output voltage of idling.
On fig. 3, d a family of input parameters of the inverter has been set. Pochatkovі points on the axis of y-ordinates show the pressure of idle running. The upper interchange of characteristics is determined by the values of the strums, at any pіslyakomutatsiyny kut at a given kutі staє min, then the kutom is sufficient for the superimposition of the flickering power of the thyristors (). Krapki A 1 ,A 2 , A 3 on the input characteristics I d b max and boundary stresses U d b max. Significant intermediate characteristic of the inverter.
X characteristic features of the inverter mode offensive:
a) the inverter can only be driven on ceramic valves, since a positive voltage is applied to them for most of the non-operating interval;
b) kut vіdmikannya is guilty of overshooting 90 °;
c) the polarity of the voltage for the direct struma is opposite to the polarity of the rectifiers;
d) in the whole range, change the stress force and the input voltage may be vikonana such a mind: > + min.
For the conversion of a permanent stream, a change of zastosovuyt special electronic power attachments, called inverters. In most cases, the inverter converts the constant voltage of one value into changing voltage other values.
in such a manner, the inverter is a voltage generator that changes periodically, with which the shape of the voltage can be sinusoidal, close to sinusoidal or pulsed. Inverters are installed both as stand-alone extensions and in warehouses of uninterrupted power supply systems (UPS).
At the warehouse dzherel uninterrupted life(DBZH), inverters allow, for example, to take off the power supply of computer systems without interruption, and as soon as there is a voltage drop in the measure, the inverter mittevo to live the computer energy more often, which is taken from the backup battery. Please accept the correct computer to shut down the work and shut down the computer.
At the great outbuildings of uninterrupted power supply, there will be stagnant inverters with batteries of significant capacity, buildings can live autonomously for a few years, independently of the fence, and if the fence turns back to normal, the DBZh will automatically switch to the slower, charge up to the dead battery.
Technical book
In modern technologies of transformation of electricity, the inverter can act only as an intermediary line, its function is to transform the voltage with a path of transformation at a high frequency (tens and hundreds of kilohertz). Fortunately, on this day, it is easy to complete such a task, even for the development of that design of the inverter, it is available as a conductor switch, the building vitrimuvat stream in hundreds of amperes, as well as the magnetic circuits of the necessary parameters, and especially the expansion of the resonator switch (electrical inverter switch).
Vymogi to inverters, as well as to other power devices, include: high KKD, superstructure, yakoma or smaller dimensions and dimensions. It is also necessary that the inverter should be admissible price higher harmonics at the input voltage, and creating unpleasantly strong impulse shifts to slow down.
For systems with "green" electric power sources (sonic batteries, wind turbines) for supplying electricity without intermediary sleeping bag, Zastosovuyut Grid-tie - inverter, building work synchronously with the industrial line.
In the process of work of the inverter, the voltage is too constant, the voltage is periodically connected to the voltage switch with polarity, at which the connection frequency is formed by a certain signal, which is to enter the controller.
The controller in the inverter will sound the number of functions: regulation of the output voltage, synchronization of the operation of the conductor keys, protection of the circuit from the revantation. In principle, inverters are subdivided into: stand-alone inverters (strumu and voltage inverters) and downstream inverters (through the grid, grid-tie only)
Circuitry of inverters
The conductor keys of the inverter are controlled by the controller, the gates are shunted by the diode. The voltage at the output of the inverter, depending on the flow pressure of the drive, is regulated by the automatic change of the pulse width in the high-frequency switch unit, in the simplest way.
Napіvkhvili vihіdnoї low-frequency voltages are due to symmetrical, so that the lanyards of the voltage at the same time do not take away a significant constant warehouse (for a transformer it is especially unsafe), for which the width of the pulse to the low-frequency unit (at the simplest vipad) becomes constant.
In the control of the inverter keys, an algorithm is zastosovuetsya, which ensures the subsequent change of the structures of the power lance: direct, short-circuited, inverse.
So what else, the value mitteva tightness The nature of the ripples at the inverter output may be pulsating with a double frequency, which is why it is first possible to allow such a mode of operation, if pulsating jets flow through it and vibrate the ripple transition (at the input of the inverter).
As the first inverters were exclusively mechanical, then there are no options for inverter circuits on the heating conductor base, and typical schemes there are three in total: brukivka without a transformer, dvuhtakna z zero-voltage transformer, brukivka with a transformer.
The bridge circuit without a transformer is used in the outbuildings of an uninterrupted power supply of 500 VA automotive inverters. A two-cycle circuit with a zero-voltage transformer is used in low-voltage DBZH (for computers) with a voltage of up to 500 VA, and the voltage on the backup battery is set to 12 or 24 volts. A bridge circuit with a transformer is installed at the tight sockets of uninterrupted life (on a single unit and tens of kVA).
In inverters, voltages with a rectangular shape at the output are switched by a group of switches with gate diodes in such a way as to take into account the changing voltage and ensure control of the circulation mode in the lance.
For the proportionality of the output voltages, one should take into account: the apparent trivality of the control impulses and the phases between the control signals of the groups of switches. In an uncontrolled circulation mode, reactive energy slows down the shape and magnitude of the voltage at the output of the inverter.
In inverters, the voltage with a stepwise shape at the output, the front high-frequency one transforms the shape of a unipolar stepwise voltage curve, roughly close behind its shape to a sinusoid, the period being half the period of the output voltage. Then brukivka LF-scheme transforms the unipolar step curve in the two halves of the different polar curve, which is rudely predicting the shape of the sinusoid.
In inverters, the voltage is with a sinusoidal (or maybe sinusoidal) shape at the output, the front high-frequency switch generates a constant voltage close to the magnitude of the possible sinusoid amplitude at the output.
After the first brukivka, the scheme is formed from a constant voltage of a low frequency change, with a bagatatorase WІM, if the skin pair of transistors on the skin filler is formed, the sinusoidal curve vibrates once for an hour, which changes according to the harmonic laws. Then the low-pass filter sees a sine shape.
The simplest schemes of forward high-frequency conversion on inverters are self-oscillating ones. The stench is easy to achieve technical implementation and to be effective at low pressures (up to 10-20 W) for the survival of energy that is not critical to the process of supplying energy. The frequency of oscillator troch is more than 10 kHz.
positive Zvorotniy zv'azok such outbuildings have access to the magnetic core of the transformer. But for tight inverters, such schemes are not acceptable, the chips are spent at the keys, and the CCD will be low in the result. Tim is bigger, be it a short circuit at the exit, it’s auto-cooling.
More advanced schemes of forward high-frequency shifters - turnarounds (up to 150 W), two-stroke (up to 500 W), bridges and bridges (more than 500 W) on SHIM controllers, where the switching frequency reaches hundreds of kilohertz.
Types of inverters, modes of operation
Single-phase voltage inverters are divided into two groups: clean sine at the output and with a modified sinusoid. Most modern devices allow a simpler form of a woven signal (a modified sinusoid).
A pure sinusoid is important for devices that have an electric motor or a transformer at the input, or else there are special attachments that are used only pure sinusoid at the entrance.
Three-phase inverters chirp for fold triphasic struma for electric motors, for example, for living. At this point, the motor windings are connected directly to the inverter output. According to the pressure, the inverter is selected from the peak value for the damper.
Vzagali, іsnuє three robochi modes of the inverter: starting, tripping and switching mode. In the starting mode (capacity charge, refrigerator start-up), the intensity can be increased by two seconds and the inverter rating is higher, but it is acceptable for most models. Trival mode - according to the rating of the inverter. Overwitching mode - if the pressure decreases by 1.3 times the nominal value - in this mode, the average inverter can operate approximately five years.
Zvaryuvalny apparatus is one of the most demanding possessions from the world. Zvarnі works are carried out everywhere and even on a great scale.
Obviously, there are impersonal differences in these outbuildings, which are dependent on the principle of work, dimensions, which are seen as amperage and other technical characteristics i. It is also possessed, which works on the changing and fast stream.
Zvaryuvalny apparatus of the standing strumu is the most widened, tk. supports 2 modes of operation - direct welding (on the electrode is minus, and on the part is plus) and reverse (on the other hand, on the electrode is plus, on the part is minus) polarity. Most often it is necessary to change the operating modes, because some metals are good at straight lines, others at reverse polarity.
Vybіr tієї chi іnshої the device is closely connected with it, for which purpose the brewer himself achieves:
- What kind of metal zvaryuvatimetsya (type and tovshchina);
- What a strum (yogo voltage is that force) present at the place of work carried out;
- What hour can pracsyuvati zvaryuvalny apparatus without repair;
- and other situations.
Zvaryuvalnі aparati, scho vikoristovuyutsya in industry, on virobnitstvі, on budіvnitstvі and іn. they wake up quietly, which stagnate in the minds of the home. The main difference between them is that tightness, apparently, varity.
Today on the market with great success there are so called inverters - devices for electric arc charging. The stench is perfectly suitable for carrying out practical work, whether it be some kind of brewing work, whether it be folding or obsyagiv. They are also the most victorious for two simple reasons - the stench may be small in size and low in vartist. In addition, inverters are easy to repair and are well suited for repair. And the electronics, navit іz the basic set of knowledge, zdatny svorit samorobnogo zvaryuvalnyj zvaryuvalnyj zvaryuvalnogo strumu equipment from the numerical schemes available at merezhі.
Let's take a look at the named criteria for selecting inverters in the report.
Facts about inverters and what kind of choice for home
Let's start with the metal that rages. For example, for the sake of everyday life, it is often necessary to brew metal parts of metal with a low coefficient of zvaryuvannosti (building of metals in order to brew). In such situations, one cannot do without a heavy-duty brewing apparatus with an output amperage of close to 300-500 A or more. However, metal sheets are rarely frizzy at the bottom, or the details of the curtain are over 5mm. And for їх zvaryuvannya tsіlkom pіdіyde іnvertor іz strum force vіd 160 А.
Voltages, such as booth equipment, a garage, etc., do not work for the normal functioning of high-voltage charging equipment, because They need 380 (3 phases). Before buying another inverter, it is necessary to measure the voltage where it will be carried out. mining robots. Even so, it often happens that the sergeant-machinist checks the goods before buying them in the store for manufacturing, and when they arrive at home, they show that they don’t work. All right at the wrong voltage. Therefore, it is necessary to buy an inverter with such technical characteristics, which are necessary for normal work in home minds.
The inverter is a powerful device for a stable stream, especially as it will be victorious in household minds. In order to take the constant voltage off at the exit, special high-voltage switches are used. The stench itself, under the hour of its work, is already heated up, which leads to the victoriousness of the acidic cooling. In the found models, the inverters have metal (aluminum or medium) heat inputs - radiators. In more expensive models, it will freeze up or cool down with water, and for some reason the building equipment will work for an hour or so without cooling. However, for secondary purposes, inverters with cooling radiators of electronic elements are used as a whole.
Accurately vyznachshis іz usіm vyscheskanim, you can boldly buy that chi іnsha model of the inverter.
Widespread zastosuvannya zvaryuvannya in industry showed a turbulent development of designing zvaryuvalnyh devices on new principles of work. And in the near
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Inverter attachment for charging with a permanent strum – an ideal compact charging device. The high brightness of the furnace of the arc and the stability of the arc are ensured by the highest indications of the strength of the blasting stream at the output of the inverter. Bagatorazov transformation of the strum in the inverter (changed strum at the constant and new to the change, plus change of frequency) is seen at the output of the strum with minimal pulsating characteristics. Zruchne keruvannya, automatically turn on when sticking the electrode, they create great versatility in robots, especially for the cobs of brewers. Wanting and professionals to give priority to the same type of brewing equipment.
Inverter for generating constant strum, creations on the principle of converting strum in high frequency, not daily we will butt with a butt. Industrial units for mechanized brewing methods are constructed on the basis of hard attachments. Inverter automatic water heaters for brewing in the middle of cold gases in buildings to cook using the technology of the electrode, which melts and does not melt. Zvaryuvannya electrode (tungsten tip) that does not melt, in the middle of argon is widely vikoristovyatsya for zadnannya parts and structures for aluminum and high-alloy steels (stainless steel).
Zvaryuvalni converting inverter type can be called a new generation of outbuildings. Vikoristovuyuchi in the basis of robotic inverter principle of bagatorase transformation of the strum, that impulsively resonance principle works with high-frequency streams, stench on a sprat of crocks, outstripped the attachments, based on a superb, power-transformed and diode rectified serpentine stream.
Recognized by the progress of the forger's hammer and the furnace heating parts, the attachment for the heating of metal parts turned into elegant electronic equipment.
The inverters are installed on the fallow (in the house) and autonomous (independent).
Autonomous inverter operates on autonomous drive, so as not to take revenge on other energy sources and frequencies, which is the frequency of the inverter.
Autonomous inverters, as well as deposits, can be used with natural and piece switching. The natural switching of an autonomous inverter may be necessary in case of one robot on an overcompensated synchronous motor, on the stator windings of a valve motor, etc.
Fallow in the mode of robotic life of the inverter and the features of the flow in the new electromagnetic processes are divided voltage inverter, strumaі resonant inverters. The most widely used voltage inverters and struma. The resonant inverters are tuned to the frequency of the output voltage of a few units and tens of kilohertz and are victorious mainly in electrothermia.
Classical schemes of autonomous voltage inverters and a struma are shown in Fig. 2.13, but,b. The voltage and strum voltage are formed in these circuits with a step-by-step switching of valves VS1, VS2 and VS3, VS4.
Rice. 2.13. Schemes and diagrams of autonomous voltage inverters (a) and struma (b)
Life of the voltage inverter (Fig.2.13, but) Viroblyayetsya vіd dzherel naprugi. At the connection with the cym, the shape of the voltage is determined by the thyristor switching algorithm, and the shape of the struma is determined by the nature of the voltage. The reactive tension of the voltage is compensated for the capacity of the capacitor. The exchange of reactive energy between the vanishing and the capacitor can be connected to the so-called gate winder (bridge jet strumu), made from non-ceramic valves.
Stream inverter (fig.2.13, 6 ) otrimu zhivlennya dzherela strum, navіscho in lanceug stіoyny strum is included to dosit large inductance L, and to that. The shape of the output stream depends only on the order of switching thyristors, and the shape of the voltage depends on the nature of the bias. Shown in Figure 2.13, b the shape of the crooked strum conveys the possibility of changing the strum in the lances of the voltage, which is impossible, as the inverter may have an inductive character. However, if it is necessary to shunt the capacitor with a large capacitance, then it is possible to change the struma. In such a rank, the overpowering drive of the inverter may have an ambiguous character. For which the capacitor is guilty of compensating no less reactive tension navantazhennya, ale and inverter. Remaining means that after washing the mitting of the thyristors to the valve, which is fading, it is the fault of the applied negative voltage for an hour, which is considered to be a cut and necessary for the renewal of this power. In Figure 2.13, b images of the voltage curves on the capacitors, as well as the voltage on the voltage, and on the thyristors.
When adjusting the frequency of the output stream, it is necessary to change the capacitance of the capacitor in proportion to the square of the frequency to save the power of the coil. Tse to bring to the arc of a large value of capacity at low frequencies. Therefore, the scheme is shown in Fig. 2.13, b, practically does not stagnate, folding schemes are victorious.
Fallow
bridges, in addition, as the capacitor is turned on according to the ratio to the voltage, the inverter stream and the voltage are divided by parallel, lastі successively-parallel. At the parallel inverter (Fig.2.13, b) a switching capacitor is connected in parallel to the start-up.
Sequence and series-parallel inverters know zastosuvannya at the outbuildings, where the frequency of the output voltage is to be increased (2000 ... 50000 Hz). Therefore, the principles of operation of parallel voltage inverters and the stream, which are victorious for control, are given electrical machines snake struma.
Autonomous thyristor inverters, depending on the organization of the switching process, are divided into inverters with interphase, phase-by-phase, group, central and individual switching. Nadal on the example of specific schemes of autonomous inverters are looked at the actions of switching, which knew the most widely used.
The principle of work, indicators and analysis of electromagnetic processes of autonomous inverters can be seen from the back of the butt of a convertor driven by transistors. Features of the work, connected with switching processes in the conversion, are shown for an hour of analysis of thyristor inverters, voltage and power.
