Science in Russia. Effective organization of scientific achievements is the most important resource for the development of Russian science Development of science in the Russian Federation

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abstract

on the topic: "The development of science in modern Russia"

Arkhangelsk 2013

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Entry

1. The camp of science in Russia today

2. The main problems of Russia's appearance in the scientific and technical sphere and the ways of their development

3. Strategies for innovative development. Critical technologies

4. Sovereign support of science

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Entry

The development of scientific and technological potential, which is small in our country for hours in the Soviet Socialist Republic, should not be given up, it is not necessary. Headache of the current year - at an accelerated pace, create in Russia a new, intense scientific and technological potential, and for which it is necessary to know exactly the right state of science and the future enlightenment.

The problem of seeing the priority directions of science and technology in Russia has become especially relevant in connection with the rapid budget financing of the sector. The great interest in this food is unpretentious, protecting the steadily growing role of science and high technologies in the development of success in today's minds and that price, as the society is mad, so chi іnakshe, pay whether it be a fluke - like for mastering the achievements of new technologies, so for the development of new technologies, so vіdmova vіd їkhny vikoristannya.

Science and technology policy, warehouse innovation policy, and transferring the choice of priority directions to the development of science and technology and to the power of the state in their development.

The reformation of the Russian economy is of paramount importance, it is possible to carry out an industrial policy, which ensures such a structural transformation of the national government of the country, as it allows to form a highly efficient industrial complex, which releases competitiveness in the product industry. At the center of structural changes lie the innovation sphere, the oscills of the economy, which are effectively functioning, are responsible for ensuring the uninterrupted replacement of outdated technologies with more progressive ones. Ponad those, without innovative pidyom, novlennya fixed capital impossibly out of the economic crisis. It is necessary to confirm and confirm the industrial development of the lands, the economic growth of which is 90% secure for the trade in the promotion of new knowledge and technologies. Introduction to biotechnology, microelectronics, information and communication technologies in the 21st century. In fact, it closes the prospects for the formation of a competitive economy.

With a market economy, a country is unable to develop enterprises in the field of innovation and innovation, but it can be created with the help of a friendly mind, and especially to support the development of science and technology directly for additional purposes and exchanges of inputs.

1. The camp of science in Russia today

The national interests of Russia are important for the development and implementation of the industrial and innovative policy of Russia, which contributes to new economic and socio-political realities, which ensures the security of the large-scale capital for the capital Prote, the crisis of production will allow the power of the necessary resources for an accelerated renewal of production. As a result, investments in structural rozbudova, in the development of the sphere of innovation with skin rock, are declining. Try zdіysniti structural transformation before molding the market vіdnosynth and іnstitutіv, yak i pod_vannya only mehanіzmi rynka, vyavlyalis impossibility.

Before the sphere of science, both scientific and advanced and advanced design work (NDKR), there are a large number of installations, including scientific and advanced organizations and subsidiaries (mainly scientific and advanced research institutes - NDI), design and development organizations, design bureaus (design bureaus). experimental virobnitstva and testing polygons.

IN daily suspense the role of science is already great, to the fact that it itself secures the development of scientific and technological progress and the promotion of its access to the economy, that everyday life. At that very hour, the sphere of the NDDKR will require great financial and material investment, and instill a high qualification of practitioners. Therefore, on a significant scale, the won is represented only in the most vulnerable regions of the world.

In the whole world, if you think so, the majority, science is to slacken the youth. And in us, the science personnel are rapidly old. In 2000, the middle age of academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences was over 70 years old. You can still understand - the great achievements and the great achievements of science are not given at once. And for those who have 61 doctors of sciences in the middle century, and 52 candidates for candidates, turbo. If the camp does not change, then approximately until 2016 the year of the middle age of science will reach 59 years. For Russian people, there is no more than a rest until retirement, and її average statistical trivality. Such a picture emerges in the system of the Academy of Sciences. In universities and Galuzevykh NDI in the global Russian scale, the number of doctors of sciences is 57-59 years, and candidates - 51-52 years. Also, in 10-15 years, science may appear in us.

I don’t think that, regardless of all the difficulties and expenses, old and old personnel from science, we still save scientific and intellectual potential, which allows Russia to be left in the ranks of the leading powers of the world, and our science and technology and that of domestic investors, the truth, and small investments.

Indeed, since our products have conquered the domestic and foreign markets, it is our duty to outperform the competitors' products. And yet, the quality of products can be deposited without intermediary in terms of technology, and today, we are ahead of high technologies (which is the most profitable stink) - in terms of equal scientific achievements that technological developments. In my heart, їх yakіst tim vishcha, chim vishcha qualification vchenih that іnzhenerіv, and її rіven lie in the system of illumination, especially vishchoy.

If you talk about the scientific and technological potential, then the understanding includes not only others. There is a warehouse and a further experimental park, access to information and information, a system of management and support of science, as well as the entire infrastructure that ensures the development of science and the information sector. Without them, neither technology nor the economy can be practical.

In the SRSR, the development of the NDDKR was given great respect. Until the 1990s, Galuzia had about 2 million scientific researchers (including over 1 million on the territory of modern Russia) - more, less in the rest of the world. Follow-up and investigations were carried out practically at all directions. In addition, a great priority was given to the development of military recognition, which allowed to increase parity from the USA in the development of new developments (nuclear weapons, rocket technology), and fundamental achievements in the natural sciences - physics, mathematics - science and technology. The Radyansky Union has taken a leading position among the world directly from them. Ale hromadsky that humanities already stood in the light line. The achievements of Russian science were fully promoted in the civilized recesses of the economy, the oskelki were strictly classified.

Nearly 3/4 of scientific research and development of the SRSR was carried out on the territory of present-day Russia. Like in the rich lands of the world, science developed from three sectors - academic, university and galuzovoe. The largest branch is the Galuze sector, which is mainly represented by NDI and KB of the military-industrial complex. The stench was concentrated in Moscow and the Moscow region, the shards here were roztashovulysya in the state governments and there were the most qualified personnel, but also in the wealthy and other great cities of the country. The Galuzevy sector of the NDDKR sphere was mainly engaged in applied research and implementation of their results in the economy. In the academic sector of the country's future, there is a fundamental character, including large-scale and humanitarian disciplines. Academic NDI concentrated in Moscow and Saint-Petersburg, and near the great places were created and scientific centers of the Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg. Kazan and іn.). Higher education science was engaged in both fundamental and applied research, but often there was little additional character in the organization of the initial process. Great independent achievements were carried out only at the leading universities of the country, more importantly at Moscow and St. Petersburg. The whole Ninі tse buv has the smallest significant sector of the NDDKR.

Mayzhe all the financing of science in the Radian period went to the state budget. In the times of the social and economic crisis of the 90s, it was rapidly speeding up. Tse called for a significant speedy obligation to dolіdzhen and rozrobok. At rich organizations, especially the Galuzov and university sectors, the stench actually stuck. A number of scientific spivrobitniks near the country shrunk until 2002. up to 420 thousand osіb, tse more lower y 2 times matched since 1990 blatant number employees in the field of NDDKR - from 2.8 million to 1.2 million employees. Pratsіvniki naukovoї sphere mass began to move pratsyuvati in new, "commercial" galuzі: trade, credit and financial activities too. A lot of qualified fahivtsiv went to practice in other countries. In a particularly filthy camp, scientific and recent research and development installations appeared that were not located near the metropolitan regions of the country. The stench is not zdatnі buli compete with the leading Moscow organizations in the vikonnі zagalnogovernnyh naukovykh programs. At the same time, the platospromozhny will drink on the results of the doslіdzhen and rozrobok on the occasions of mayzhe vіdsutnіy. At the result of the beginning of the XXI century. there was an even greater territorial concentration of the necessary amount and distribution. Close to 50% of the total in Russia falls on Moscow and the Moscow region, and close to 10% - on St. Petersburg.

The primary factor in the current state of science is the budgetary crisis, in the wake of which the financing of science is at an extremely low level. It's not a secret for anyone that the country allows itself to spend on science less than 0.5% of GDP, in the XXI century. there are no prospects for successful competition with economically and technologically advanced countries. In Russia, for the rest of the five years, the share of spending on science from GDP did not exceed 0.5%, while in industrially developed countries, such as the USA, the FRN, Japan, this figure increased from 2.8% to 3% of GDP. Behind equal attention to science, today Russia is getting closer to the borders of Africa, no richer than the lands.

Short-term finance has led to a sharp drop in the number of people employed in the scientific and technical sphere. The situation is developing dramatically in the most advanced part of the scientific and technical sphere of Russia - the scientific and technical complex of the military-industrial complex;

The rapid development of the high scientific and technical potential in the minds of the current international competition means that the foundations of the economic growth for the account of the internal forces and the country are permanently established.

The collapse of the science and technology sphere has led to a decrease in the efficiency of work and a sharp increase in the pace of the science and technology development of the country. Significantly decreased the amount of national patenting, but about the patenting of domestic wines there.

Rospatent does not have a penny these days. Help to get through the cordon. International funds are ready to support Rospatent, but in exchange for the stench to ask for information, then even more so because of the fate of our technologies, distribution, know-how to officially go beyond the cordon.

The pace of research from the production of old machines, designs, and technologies has improved. For reasons of great Russian enterprises, innovation is of a high order, based on important thoroughness, without any sense. This is the only type of innovation to replace fixed assets. Moreover, the hour, if the investments are still possible, will soon pass - all at once from the collapse of the personnel potential of enterprises. Tsya conditions are at the low end of the Russian economy for the growing technological and financial stagnation in foreign countries.

The status of the scientific complex in the Russian economy is indicative of trends in the light system of government. To change the situation, it is necessary to direct the susil from the side of the sovereign bodies and all the subjects of the state. Moreover, susilla may be spryarovanі to zminu not only equal to pay for the work of those її equipment, but also the suspіlnoї svіdomosti that was formed. It is necessary to formulate the social development of the scientific complex, which would ensure the viability between science, the innovation sphere and the structural reorganization of the economy and the powers that are dictated by modern civilization. In Zimonikka, Zimu in front of Rosієu was relevant to the recruitment of the V_DPOVII, the Nakhukovo-tech-technician, soinnight, Jacob used on the appearance of the Scientific and Technical Potenty Potenty І Bula b was hidden on the stencil of the structural zmіnam in Rosіyskіy Ekonіtsi, Scho пvikіє ї ї ї їt.

2. The main problems of Russia's appearance in the scientific and technical sphere and the ways of their development

One of such problems lies in the incompleteness of large technologies and goods, which the market is to blame for. їх lack of knowledge - through the marriage of cats - to the point that stench can be demanded by the squishy. It drastically reduces the value of proponated technologies (and products) in the eyes of potential partners.

Trade in technologies and high-tech products can play an important role in our country's renewal. Russian NDI and design bureaus piled up impersonal developments, not brought to the stage of the finished product. Vykoristannya tsgogo potencialu po'yazyuyut іz solutions " problem provodzhennya " . With dozens of our graduates and engineers, they called out to their rozrobki. Light management evidence shows that the strategy (technology push) is no longer effective. The greatest success of TNCs is to establish a protolezhnu model (market pull), which is characterized by the fact that it is based on the consumer market. The very same strategy should be won when managing the selection of technologies and products, which are promoted by Russian NDI and KB, for financing the final stages of commercialization.

It would be necessary to establish the State Innovation Fund, which would finance the final stages of the development of industrial development of technologies and products on a capital basis. The mechanisms for turning the bones can be different. One possible solution is to take away some of the rights to the technology by the fund. For the її promislovy mastered, the partners would be given the right to buy a part of the fund either for the market price, or for the formula: the amount of the loan withdrawn from the fund, plus the remaining rate of return on investment.

Serious nutrition - seeing the still unfinished technologies and products, like a varto bullo b pіdtremati. A lot of fakhіvtsіv vvazhayut, scho technologies, yakі vplyvayut on the life of people in the first half of the XXI century, today are already being developed by looking at laboratory research. It’s obvious, you see them neimovirno smoothly. However, with a short-term perspective, it is entirely true and financial support for these technologies, which, like the world's largest, meet the needs of the market. Svіtoviy dosvіd pokazyuє: if obsyag potential market є dosit great, іnnovatsії svidshe osvoyuyuyutsya. The rest can become new "locomotives" of economic development, like in the last third of the XX century. computerization and telecommunications have become. In seeing the most "good debut ideas" a great role could be played by a wide discussion of scholars, politicians, businessmen, international experts.

One of the strategic pardons to be denounced by the Russian governing bodies of the scientific and technical sphere is, for whom, if stench comes up to it, like to the region, de may dominate centralized administrative methods. I'm starting to work again and try to create a control system, for winning scientific and technical backlogs, patents, licenses.

Tim is in the USA for an hour, 1981. liquidated the monopoly of the state on volodinnya patents and know-how, rozroblenimi cost of the budget. In order to increase the effectiveness of the accumulated potential, it was decided to transfer all rights to commercial victories to these organizations, and to deprive the authorities of the NDR and the DKR. The state formed the infrastructure, which spryaє such commercialization and immediately protect the rights of retailers.

Another problem for Russia in the science and technology industry is the lack of knowledge by Russian firms of the laws of "promotion" of technological innovations, their introduction into the markets. It is mind-boggling to them that in the pre-reform period, large-scale innovation was mastered by the decisions of the central bodies. sovereign government on the wild giants of industry.

In market minds, the mechanism of mastering innovation is inextricably linked with a small innovative business, which is characterized by a high risk, and a high success by a different success. Expanded economies have a special sector of the people's statehood, which is necessary to understand (infrastructure) for the development of small innovative enterprises. Learn about science and technology incubators, venture capital funds, special financial mechanisms for promoting firms at the stage of early growth, certification of assessments of firms and others.

You can radically change the situation with a path:

rozroblennya special law on the support of other innovative firms;

Zdіysnennya zahodіv for pіdtrimki іnnovatsіyіkh іncubatorіv, yakim instructed іz bodies of the federal government to take an active part in taking the administration of the subjects of the Federation;

The introduction of changes to banking legislation, as if it were allowed banks to form funds for risk financing for the promotion of innovative activities (legislation and instructions of the Central Bank of Russia to collect loans from banks, due to high risk, without guarantee).

The presence on the domestic market of a plateau-promoting drink on advanced technologies and industrial innovation also affects the development of science and technology policy in Russia. Science and scientific and technical activities are brought to the sphere of services, and these services may be needed by the market. Unfortunately, the market for scientific services and scientific products is rather small. Most businesses cannot afford to bathe in the services of science.

The power structure dominates the NDDKR (65% in 2008), and the lack of finance is explained by the state's "economy" on science. Hopes for those who actively join the private business before this financing did not turn out to be true: in the minds of low competition in the domestic market and great opportunities for rent-making The other reason for the high speed of the windfall on the NDDKR is the sharp speed of the military windfalls is broken by the Radian hours, including the number of the windfalls of the year, which became the main part of the Radian NDDKR, and the public science was not directly behind the Radian hours.

Come in, who got used to the rest of the powers in the closet of science, were directed mainly for the protection of the interests of the scientific product, the preservation of the structure and organizations that develop in this sphere, and not for the development of the market of scientific services. In such a policy, there is a supernatural quality, that there is no sense to protect the virobnik, which does not have an incentive for virobnits, there is no deputy. Of course, the policy of the state became more efficient, as if it were not natsilyuvalas the formation of a plateau-promoting support for the service of science.

To that, from one side, there is nothing nasty in the fact that scientific organizations sell their services for the cordon. From the other side, for the preservation of the land of science, the necessary "internal" support services.

Today, GAZprom, LUKOIL, RAT EES, Aeroflot, VAZ, GAZ, the Ministry of Atomic Energy and other leaders of the Russian economy could become buyers of the services of science. However, it is necessary for them to create appropriate incentives, for example, in the form of a tax on the income of cats, in order to direct themselves to the support of the science of life. The state can also form a kilka of first class supportive services of science, helping firms to buy up the amount of money for financing the financial sector of the sphere. It is necessary to create a system of special funds, win over budgetary pennies to give large credits and free subsidies to financial firms of the NDDKR.

For usunennya mozhlivih zlovzhivan that zabezpechennya as a robіt robіt oderzhuvachіv sovereign pennies it is necessary to certify, for example, the Minnauka. Similar schemes to do good in practice. One of the victorious Svitovy Bank, taking part in the program of restructuring of Russian enterprises.

The creation of a system of such funds along the lines of the people's state (medicine, the agricultural state, energy, the protection of the middle ground) could, first, bring the mechanisms of financing science to the market, in another way, decentralize the adoption of decisions on how to finance the growth. The singing world of stench has become a market analogue of the Galuzovy finance of the NDDKR, as it seemed earlier.

3. Strategies for innovative development. Critical technologies

The strategy of "transfer" favors foreign scientific and technical potential and the transfer of innovations in the national economy. Vaughn zdіysnyuvalasya, napriklad, Yaponієyu in pіslyavoєnny perіod, if in the United States, Anglії, Frantsії, Russie her zakupovuvalisya lіtsenzії on visokoefektivnі tehnologії for osvoєnnya virobnitstv novіtnoї produktsії scho small popit for cordon, s away stvorennyam Vlasnyi potentsіalu, yaky zabezpechuvav nadalі entire іnnovatsіyny cycle. in the form of fundamental achievements and development to the implementation of their results in the middle of the country and on the world market. As a result, the export of Japanese technologies has outweighed imports, and the country, in order of others, has advanced fundamental science.

The strategy of "behind" the fact that, with cheap labor force and vicarious part of the spent power scientific and technical potential, master the production of products that have been developed before the developed edges due to the onset of building up the power engineering and wiring. Let us continue to carry out our scientific and advanced research and design work, along with the sovereignty and the market form of power. Such a strategy has been adopted in China and the lower lands of Pvdenno-Skhidnoy Asia. A classic butt - a creation of a competitive automotive industry, highly efficient technologies for counting and post-processing electronics in the Republic of Korea.

The growth strategies are financed by the USA, England, FRN, France. Won to anyone, who, with the help of powerful scientific and technical potential, the education of foreign scientists and designers, the integration of fundamental and applied sciences, a new product, high technologies, implementation in the field of science and social sphere, etc. are being created. increase in innovations.

Russia is guilty of choosing a strategy, as if it were spiraling on the present intellectual potential and scientific and technical resources. Ways of transformation of fundamental science are more or less obvious. Tse vimushene zvuzhennya robіt robit that concentration of nayavnyh koshtіv on priority lines, internationalization of doslіdzhen and all-bіchny development of competitive ambushes. Folding on the right with a choice of strategies for activating technological innovation activities, tobto. applied studies on commercial basis, as they become a part of the normal market economy The strategy of "transfer" is not possible here, the fragments of obtaining licenses will require significant financial investments. Until then, the country's most significant scientific and technical potential will not sell licenses for the creation of highly efficient products or high technologies. Such a strategy can be brought to full fallow in high-lying regions, spending national security.

Evhim, Rosіya Docіlishly Vicaristannya Elentiv Strategiggії "Obzozheyshen", Kolya Vіn Organizuyu Spe_lnі Підприствиства for viobinestime for competitive products, such ї ї вита на овиной оновной ринках з в овистранимы окольный Ніш, dealіzuєzhni Virobi Virobyzhnyj partner. Such processes are carried out in case of joint (or for the construction of other foreign firms) the assembly of electronic equipment elements, folding folding equipment. Enterprises can increase the production potential, secure employment and develop high-quality innovative projects. A great role is played by small innovations, but one of the advantages of such functioning is with great versatility for swedish re-adjustment of technologies for the production of veneers, which are required for the main vinification.

In terms of breakthroughs, such as space, aviation, nuclear energy, the production of certain types of machine-building products, it is possible to develop the strategy of "growing". In the minds of the finansovyh resursov obezheniya won't be able to spire on the obzgezheniye of a number of highly efficient innovative projects that implement the accumulated projects. Go about the priority of scientific and technical directly and critical technologies, the term in the implementation of such 2-5 years. For what kind of sovereignty is needed, which is seen on a competitive basis and for guaranteed sovereign finance, as well as the share of private investors.

Slіd zaznachiti scho rinkovі Elements іnnovatsіynoї sphere in Russie vzhe іsnuyut: z'yavilisya privatnі pіdpriєmstva, velikі privatizovanі virobnitstva zvіlnilisya od opіki powers have rozpodіlі pributku, Je-NAUKOVO tehnіchny potentsіal scho stvoryuvavsya desyatilіttyami, Power bere fate in pіdtrimtsі prіoritetnih proektіv, molded system competitions and investment funds for the financing of innovations - the proteo-innovation mechanism does not work. Resources and opportu- nities are used by powerful forces, at the forefront of the structural transformation of the economy, and the rest do little to improve the efficiency of the economy, that is. do not beat that task, for the sake of which the economic reforms were initiated. Tom Innovatsіyna Polіtika Maє Bethi was hidden on the system of pіdhid to cycliva "NTP - Innovatsyії - Viddomannia" Ta-інноватьи инфольцію и отіх ELEMENTІV IINNOVATSIY PROCESS IN DINY MECHANISM, the building is not just inspired by the resource, Alla Vidavati Yak the result is successfully real_ projects, і not t_lki in the same projects. , and th serially.

The concept of "critical technology" first appeared in America. This is how they called the transfer of technological directives and developments, as if they were pushing the US order to the cost of economic and military perseverance. They were selected on the basis of a supra-lingual, complex and multi-step procedure, which included examination of the skin point by financiers and professional scientists, politicians, businessmen, analysts, representatives of the Pentagon and the CIA, congressmen and senators.

Some time ago, the Council of Russia approved the preparations by the Ministry of Science and Technical Policy (2000 years of renaming to the Ministry of Industry, Science and Technology) a list of critical technologies from over 70 main headings, skin s of which included a few specific technologies. Їhnya zagalna kіlkіst overwhelmed 250. It's more rich, lower, for example, in England - the country with a very high scientific potential. Not for money, not for personnel, not for the possession of Russia could not create and implement such a large number of technologies. Three years ago, the ministry prepared a new copy of critical technologies, which included 52 headings (dosi, before speech, not confirmed by the order), but we are not in the gut.

4. Gsovereign support of science

The need for sovereign involvement in the process of promoting innovation is explained by the trivality of the scientific and manufacturing cycle, high vita and non-significance of the final result. The market is impossible to overcome the problem of long-term risk investments. Qi functions can take wine state. Building innovations generate dynamic effects, which engender different knowledge.

One of the first steps, as the next power on the way to a radical change in the situation in the scientific and technical gallery, including the possibility of implementing global, but not very effective programs. Science and technology programs are responsible for orienting us towards the commercial development, the powers need to support those projects, as they bring the same commercial effect. The authors of the projects, and the independent economic centers of the banks with the improvement of the possible markets, the categories of potential investments, the scale of the necessary investments, can evaluate the results. science technical

In a number of ways for sub-lanning inertia of markets and a sub-potential risk associated with the introduction of new technologies in early stages, the state could partially finance and act as a guarantor of commercial financing of demonstration projects of new developments.

Supporting the NDDKR in the entire spectrum of science and technology cannot be afforded, perhaps, by the country. That is why it is so important to correctly see the priority of scientific and technical development and to concentrate the budget funds on other direct lines, which will help promote the ISN. Japan has achieved the greatest success in the world: vicarious importance of the sovereign inflow, the Ministry of Industry and Communications, coordinating the division of several companies, creating brains for the formation of consortiums, and small enterprises, too.

Analysis of light trends in the analyzed area shows that the most important effect is not given by protectionism and defense of national firms, but by rationally organized competition in the countryside and correctly interacting with the Cosmos with the most important partners. With the most "squeezed out" countries, there may be great greed from a nicely rewarded partnership with a number of private sectors of the economy.

Wshutdown

What is it possible and necessary to work in order for science, as it is still preserved in our country, to begin to develop and become an industrious maker of the growth of the economy and a thoroughly social sphere?

First, it’s necessary, not putting on the river, not on the research, radically increase the quality of training, even if a part of the students, graduate students and doctoral students, is ready to be left out of the sciences.

In another way, the focus is on the exchange of financial resources, which are seen in the development of science and development, on a number of priority directions and critical technologies, oriented exclusively to the development of the country's economy, social sphere and state consumption.

Thirdly, from the state-owned NDI and VNZ, direct the main financial, personnel, information and technical resources to those projects, so that they can give true new results, and not waste money on thousands of pseudo-fundamental scientific topics.

Fourthly, the hour has come to create on the basis of the best initial foundations of the federal universities, which meet the highest international standards in the field of scientific infrastructure (information, experimental possession, modern communication and information technologies). The stench is preparing top-class young fahivtsiv for work at the academic and galuzevian science and higher schools.

On-p'yate, it's time to praise the solution on the state level about the creation of scientific and technological and educational consortiums, as if uniting the last universities, leading scientific and industrial enterprises. Today's activities can be oriented towards scientific research, innovation and radical technological modernization. Tse allow us to release high-quality, constantly upgraded, competitive products.

In Shostya, in naystislіshі termіni rіshennyam Uryadov potrіbno doruchiti Mіnpromnauki, Mіnosvіti, іnshim mіnіsterstvam, vіdomstvam that admіnіstratsії regіonіv de Je derzhavnі vishі that NDІ, pristupiti to viroblennya zakonodavchih іnіtsіativ of power іntelektualnoї vlasnostі, pokraschennya protsesіv patentuvannya, Naukova marketing osvіtnogo management Potrіbno zakonodavcho close the possibility of a sharp increase in the salary of students, starting with us from the state scientific academies (RAS, RAMS, RASN), state scientific and technical centers and doslidnitsky universities.

Nareshti, in a way, it is necessary to adopt a new terminology of critical technologies. There are more than 12-15 main positions, oriented to us in front of the interests of the state. The very same state can formulate, having connected to the tsієї work, for example, the Ministry of Industry, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, the Russian Academy of Sciences and the State Galuzev Academy.

Obviously, this rank of announcement about critical technologies, on the one hand, is guilty of relying on fundamental achievements modern science, on the other hand, to protect the specifics of the country. For example, for the princely princedom of Liechtenstein, which has a number of first-class roads and high-quality transport services, transport technologies have not been critical for a long time. Shchodo Russia, the land with the majestic territory settlements That folding climatic worms, then for non-companies sentient Novіtnіh vehicles technologіy (vitary, the grounds of the water) - the fairness of the Virodnya Patnia zhonio, socially, defense, the ecologico, to Navіt geopolіtious dots Zoru, Alege Our destroy can be a head of the head of mag_strally .

Varying the achievements of science, the specifics of Russia and the exchange of financial and other resources, it is possible to propagate even a short copy of the right critical technologies, which will give a smart and sensible result, and the security of steel development and the growth of the welfare of people.

Before the critical next zarahuvat:

energy technologies: nuclear energy, including the conversion of radioactive inputs, and the deep modernization of traditional heat and power resources. Without this country, you can freeze, and industrialism, strong government, that place will be left without electricity;

transport technologies. For Russia, such cheap, superior, ergonomic transport facilities are the most important minds of social and economic development;

information technologies. Without the modern means of informatization, that communication of management, the development of virobnitstva, science, and enlightenment, navit simple human communication will be simply impossible;

biotechnological research and development technologies. Tilki їhnіy strіmkiy razvitka allow the creation of a modern cost-effective silske state, competitive food stores, raise the twenty-first century pharmacology, medicine and health care;

Ecological technologies. The Mishkogo statehood is especially important, shards in the places of the current bag up to 80% of the population;

rational nature-storing and geological exploration. If these technologies are not modernized, then the country will be left without natural resources;

machine-building and priladobuduvannya as the basis of craftsmanship of that rural state;

a whole complex of technologies for light industry and production of by-butovy goods, as well as for housing and road life. Without them, talking about the welfare of the social welfare of the population is absolutely stupid.

If such recommendations will be accepted, and we don’t care about the priority directives and critical technologies, but if it’s really necessary for support, then it’s not less likely that Russia’s current problems, but it will be a trampling

Wlist of victorious literature

1. Conversion in Russia: the camp, problems and ways of virishennya. M: IMEPI RAN, 1996.

2. Science of Russia in figures. 1997. M.: TsISN, 1997

3. Popov A.A., Lindina O.M. Fundamentals of innovative management. Head helper. Orenburg, 2004. - 129 p.

4. http://www.auditorium.ru

5. http://www.chelt.ru/2001/1/koch_1.html

6. http://nauka.relis.ru/06/0109/06109002.html

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...

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Historical excursion. In Russia, the number of scientific and pedagogical practitioners in 1913. became 11.6 thousand, in 1910 p. Mayzhe vtrichі more - 33.6 thousand. Russia had 414 chemicals, 15 times less, lower in the USA, 8 times less, lower in Germany and England, 2.5 times less, lower in France. The lack of scientific personnel in Russia during the period of appointments streamed scientific and technological progress and became especially intolerant in the minds of the new revolution that began, in natural science.

The high rіven of radyansk science was confirmed by estimates to achieve a great number of results of work, as if beyond the cordon were not conducted, but only rozpochato. Tse, nasampered, vіdnosilosya to okremih napryamkіv fіziki (acoustics, optics is the quantization elektronіka, fіzika solid tіla) zagalnoї that tehnіchnoї hіmії (koloїdna hіmіya that two physical and hіmіchna mehanіka, hіmіchna fіzika, vklyuchayuchi problemi gorіnnya that vibuhu, elektrohіmіya, neorganіchna hіmіya) hіmіya TEMPLE energy), physical chemistry and technology of inorganic materials (physical and chemical bases of metallurgy, new processes for the processing of metal materials, theoretical foundations chemical technologies), power engineering (victory of superconductivity in power engineering, nuclear power engineering), geological sciences, informatics, studies in the field of physiological, biochemical and structural ambushes of life of people and others.

The development of a wealth of scientific directives was developed from the defense strategy of the country, which was specific to the SRSR. The rіven tekhnіki i tekhnologii іn scientіс galuzakh іn the defense industry bіv close tо light.

The current scientific and technical and illuminating potential of modern Russia may be compared with the radyansky period of the same specificity.

In the period after the collapse of the Radyansky Union and the beginning of the market reforms in Russia, there was essentially a landslide decline in the financing of the scientific sphere, the cooperative links with the scientific institutions of the other large republics of the SRSR were destroyed by a significant world. This has led to a sharp short-term progress, as a savage front of scientific achievements, and the factual development of these directly in this sphere, as well as to a short-term scale of the very scientific and recent and recent design work and the current of their qualifications of scientific personnel.

In the present hour, for the tribute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, for the state widows on the NDDKR per capita (86 dollars), Russia has become the leader 4-5 times, and for private widows (40 dollars) - 15-20 times. China, behind the rate of per capita investment in the private sector on the NDDKR, is already 1.5 times ahead of Russia, de vkrai low rate of investment per one scientific worker. Behind the cim pokaznik Russia vtrychi vіdstaє vіd srednysvіtovoy pokaznik.

At the same time, in the period from 1999 p. the situation began to change in a positive direction.

Today, the non-alternative basis of the policy of the rise of Russia has a high status in the light economic development and management of scientific and technological progress and the creation of a global technological medium with the developed countries. Madly, it is necessary to continue the development of market mechanisms for managing the economy, to conduct institutional reforms. But still we don’t swear about the future prospect for Russia in the science and technology gallery.

The establishment of the goal of improving the obligatory and thorough structure of the financing of the scientific and technical sphere can overcome critical thresholds of indicators of national security, and the achievement of these indicators of zishtovkhnulos with singing difficulties. So, in 2009. spending on the NDDKR became less than 3% more than 1% of Russia's GDP (as it was planned, until 2020, this indicator is planned to increase to 2.5%).

The science and technology coverage of this policy may emerge from a two-stage transition from a civil to an innovative model of the development of the economy. At the first stage (mid-term perspective), the real method is to reach the threshold values for science spending on science by the GDP (for comparison: Sweden won 3.7%, Japan - 3.2%, USA - 2.8%), part of the allocation for fundamental research in the field of science and part of the fund for innovation in the field of industrial production.

Achieving progress will help Russia become the most competitive on the world market of science products and to bring its share to the new no less than 2% versus 0.3% in 2002. For the accomplishment of this task, it is necessary to overcome the crisis in Russian fundamental and applied science.

Russian science has a unique potential. For the number of senior students (410 thousand people, or less than 8% of their global number), there are more distant lands, Crimea, the USA and Japan. І wanting for the assessments of the World Economic Forum for the winter show Russia steadily sat on the 3rd month, in 2006. for equal scientific achievements, she won at the 32nd month, for equal credit at the NDDKR - at the 44th month.

Pereshkodzhaє razvitka rosіyskoї ї ї і so ranks vіtіk umіv. For expert assessments outside the cordon, nin_ ponad 30 yew. Russian scientists, zokrema up to 18 thousand. - in the sphere of fundamental achievements. Є Vіdomostі, scho from the edge of the stretch of the remaining 20 years, hovered from 100 to 250 yew. scientists. It’s rich in why the last thing is that the salary of a Russian scientist with the same qualifications is 40-50 times less than in other countries. For a wealth of forecasts, the turn of the century has grown, especially in the field of information technology (850,000 such fahivtsiv did not appear in the most advanced countries on the cob of the 21st century).

Another reason for the crisis of Russian science is those that the country's economy is not in a position to win the modern economy. The current trade in technologies in Russia is clearly non-equivalent: at the borders of the fields, technologies imported from abroad are valued significantly more expensive than technologies created in Russia. For the average price of purchasing technologies, it exceeds the sale price by 3.2 times, and for other cases, it may be 80 times. It should be noted that a lot of foreign technologies can be Russian adventure. So, according to experts from Rospatent, the United States has patented Russian developments in the field of electronic, laser, fiber-optic technology, oil and gas processing technologies, organic chemistry, medical and environmental technology. Lesser in 1992-2000 rr. over 1000 patents have been registered in the United States for the technology of wine and wine recognition, the authors are Russian wine growers, and the holders of patents and wine rights are foreign legal and physical individuals.

In this way, Russia is already inefficiently taking part in the international exchange of technologies. Nakhodzhennya in the export of scientific achievements were piled on the cob of the XXI century. approximately 63 million dollars, and patents and licenses - a total of 1.7 million dollars. At the same time, about 40 billion dollars were spent on the trip to the United States for the sale of licenses. over 3 billion dollars.

The situation was especially unfavorable in the sphere of the defense industrial complex (DIC), regardless of those who Russia for the export of military equipment (VVT) (over 8 billion dollars in 2008) sit in another place at the holy place of the United States. The speed of the state's zamovlennya zmusili undertakings of the military-industrial complex to allow the export of the most modern technology for the cordon (the state's viysk technique having become dynamically growing since 2005).

In the wake of the system historically formed in Russia, the priority of military technologies is close to 75% of the NDDKR to win the defense industry enterprises. Why is it so obvious that in the next hour without the modernization of the defense industry, the impossibly development of high-tech galleys. With due regard for the provisions, the military-industrial complex creates a consolidation of assets and financial flows, forming single holdings under the control of the state. In the process of reformation, 700-800 living enterprises are oriented towards integration within the framework of 40-50 basic holdings with a controlling stake in the state, as a whole, to promote the basic technologies of scientific production.

In Russia, it is practical to practice venture funds, which are the basis for stimulating innovative processes in different countries. Venture Innovation Fund - VIF, creations are approved until the order of the Order of the Russian Federation near the birch 2000 r. with the method of shaping the organizational structure of the venture investment system, which is still insufficiently financed by the state.

Іstotny potential of scientific and technical development is laid down in such a form of innovative infrastructure, like a science city. In recent times, the status of a science city of the Russian Federation has been given to the metropolitan area of Obninsk, Kaluz region (2000), the municipalities of Korolovo and Dubna, Moscow region (2001), the working settlement of Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region (2003), the municipality of Michurinsk, Tambov region (2003). ). ), to the municipality of Reutov and Fryazino, Moscow region (2003), the metro station of Peterhof of St. Petersburg (2005), the metro station of Pushchino, Moscow region (2005). March 23, 2010 The Russian Kerіvnitstvom adopted a decision on the creation of the Center for New Technologies near the metro station Skolkovo, Moscow Region.

In general, the budgets of the leading Russian scientific and research institutes, for the sake of American experts, have less than 3-5% of the material security of similar US institutions.

The financial obligations of the science cities are gradually growing, although there are not enough to support the crisis phenomena in the Russian science and education.

Before the first approaches, there is a need to stimulate scientific and technical and innovative activity:

■ increase in the share of spending on scientific research in hundreds of women in GDP;

■ support for the export of science products and training of managers for the commercialization of science research and the introduction of intellectual power in the government;

■ state support for the training of highly qualified personnel, as well as economical, foregoing donations, and incentives for the training of personnel for the work of high-skilled girls and seeing activity;

■ promotion of the efficiency of the achievement of the results of the fundamental achievements and the NDDKR and their promotion of the industry's virility, the achievement of the apparent scientific and technical and intellectual potential and the promotion of the intellectual power of the government turnover;

■ prioritizing science-based versatility and technologies that are safe, which encourages the entire spectrum of economically unpractical and irrational deployment in the most diverse countries;

■ restructuring of the science and technology complex in accordance with the established priorities;

■ promotion of innovation activity through the development of small business in the science and technology sphere and the formation of a new infrastructure for the innovation process, which may partly be the status of innovation consulting firms, innovation technology centers and technology parks;

■ rozrobka that vikoristannya ekonomіchnogo mehanіzmu scho stimulyuє vprovadzhennya іnnovatsіy in virobnitstvo (in addition chislі: diferentsіatsіya znizhennya podatkіv on Prybutok od virobnitstva that realіzatsії produktsії, viroblenoї of vikoristannyam sertifіkovanih ob'єktіv іntelektualnoї vlasnostі, udoskonalennya mehanіzmu tsіnoutvorennya naukomіstkoї produktsії, nadannya pіdpriєmstvam Reigning bezvіdsotkovih kreditіv on the acquisition and mastering of certified innovative innovations, granting free licenses to entrepreneurs in the field of mastering intellectual power, created for the money of budgetary expenses, which the powers should have).

According to the director of the Institute of the USA and Canada RAS S. M. Rogov, Russia's rise to the leader of the global scientific and technological development will help accelerate the development of the state strategy of supporting the NDDKR and innovation. To improve the light evidence and the peculiarities of the current state of the Russian economy, such a strategy is guilty of including, like wines in vvazha, two mutually complementary components. In the first place, it is necessary to increase the budgetary financing of priority directions of fundamental research, as well as (in the defense sector) applied NDDKR. In another way, it is necessary to think over the tax policy of stimulating private sector participation in the NDDKR (“gift tax”) and effective state science policy.

At the first stage, the task is to bring the investment on the NDDKR to at least 2% of GDP (1% for the government finance and 1% for the private investment). Russia can and is guilty in 2012. to come to the show of 50% of the leader's match for vidatkami for one successor - about 50 billion dollars. at river prices 2010

At another stage (until 2020), spending on the NDDKR may reach 3% of GDP - 75% of the leaders’ wages per head of state, in order to secure the transition to an average of 70-80 billion dollars. on the river at regular prices.

At the third stage (mid-XNUMXst century), it is necessary to increase the power of Russia on the NDDKR to 4-5% of GDP (100-120 billion dollars on rivers at constant prices), in order to allow it to reach the group of world leaders for widows per year.

Prospects for Georeferencing that rolі Russie in svіtovomu NAUKOVO-tehnіchnomu rozvitku stale od of naskіlki tsіlespryamovanoyu that poslіdovnoyu Buda polіtika rosіyskoї powers schodo zabezpechennya neobhіdnih minds for pіdtrimki that realіzatsії of bearing-down NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo, іntelektualnogo potentsіalu, yaky Got our Krajina in naukovіy that osvіtnіy areas.

Doctrine of development of Ukrainian science

It is presented on the scientific conferences and politicians "Science Speech and Choice", which took place on the 1st leaf fall of 1995.

Doctrine of the development of Russian science- System poglyadіv the role i the importance of science in zabezpechennі Nezalezhnosti that protsvіtannya Russie and takozh printsipіv scho viznachayut mehanіzm sovereign regulyuvannya naukovoї dіyalnostі, yakimi of urahuvannyam konkretnoї sotsіalno-ekonomіchnoї situatsії keruyutsya federalnі, regіonalnі that mіstsevі organi Vladi, naukovtsі Naukova-doslіdnі organіzatsії , scientific and technical partnerships and association.

I. Science is the most important national resource of Russia that is being developed

1. Russian science for its rich historical history has made a great contribution to the developments of the country and the world of light. With its own foundation of the great power of the world, Russia is rich in what is beyond the reach of the scholars of the state.

In today's minds, practical wisdom of natural-scientific, humanistic and scientific-technical knowledge all the larger world become the cores of the life security of life, spiritual and physical health.

The development of science is rich in what is the efficiency of economic activities, defensiveness, the spiritual and political culture of the country, the protection of special features and welfare in terms of exposure to unacceptable natural and anthropogenic factors.

2. With an important mental formation of the science of life, it was a great pleasure to catch us straight ahead. In the country, a large network of scientifically significant organizations was formed, both of a fundamental and applied nature. For richness directly, science took the leading positions in the world. Tse reached for the high qualifications of the leading scientific schools, the prestige of the expert and the education of a great number of seniors in science, as well as a significant level of budgetary finance. The prote administrative-command mechanism of the economy, the high level of closedness and militarization of the scientific and technical sphere, the lack of truth in the exchange of intellectual property rights reduced the efficiency of the scientific potential of the country.

Nin, if the possibility of freedom of scientific creativity, the exchange of information and international spy work expands, the camp of Russian science will immediately change. Protea systemic crisis, Scho Supiroє Perigod of the social and politician prosperidation of Rosіyskoiiii, called back before Vіtchiznyannyannya, Nova Novi SERIOZNI HOUSE: Insecluded, Budget Finansuvane Nakhukovo-Delivіdniya Ta Dzlіtsky-Constructors Robіt does not robly normal minds of life and practice, facilitating effective state regulation in the scientific sphere. The prestige of the profession of a scientist having fallen to an unacceptably low level in the society, science has ceased to be attractive for talented young people. Due to the obviousness of the vinyl, the need for a fundamental reorganization of the sphere of science with the method of adaptation to new minds, educating the dodatkovyh. As before, the problem of more effective achievement of the results of scientific achievements in the people's state is urgent.

3. The new trends in the development of light cohesion have become the expansion of spivrobnitstva and cooperation of powers in the global problems, pov'yazanih іz zberezhennyam dovkіllya, zbezpechennya gіdnogo spiritual and physical level of life of people, pіdtremannya zdorov'ya people. There is a joint effort of scientists and engineers from the rozvinennyh krajn at the search for and finding new sources of energy, mastered space, the creation of a public information medium New strategy The development of science is given priority to achievements, which may be significant for the very prospects of the foundation of light sleepiness, for it has become that careless development.

4. The current trends in inter-state integration do not mean a prote, a rise in national interests, or an improvement in the sphere of science. Moreover, the national scientific potential is rich in why the place of the country is significant in light trade, the prospects for competitive struggle in the foreign market, the possibility of solving internal problems.

The scale and pace of the development of industrial science is to ensure the viability of the potential of Russia to the level of scientific and technological progress. Priority directly scientific achievements are also determined by the economic and geopolitical situation of Russia, the global values of the reserves of natural resources, the needs of the spiritual development of our society, and the humanistic traditions of Russian science. Іstotny influx on the choice of priorities continue and light tendencies of the transformation of human civilization at the turn of the thousandth.

5. For the real transformation of the life of Russia in the whole, the development of science in the regions is especially important, in order to help their progress with the improvement of economic, resource, environmental and cultural features.

II. Development of the scientific potential of Russia

1. The state considers science as a national ban, which recognizes the future of our country and respects the support of science to priority tasks. The most important ambushes of the sovereign scientific policy are:

Reliance on the development potential of Russian society;

Freedom of scientific creativity, subsequent democratization of the scientific sphere, security of publicity and publicity during the formation and implementation of scientific policy;

stimulating the development of fundamental scientific achievements;

Savings and development of the leading scientific schools of science;

A creation of minds for healthy competition and innovation in the field of science and technology, stimulation and promotion of innovative activities;

Integration of science and education, development of a comprehensive system for the training of qualified scientific personnel in the field of science;

Protection of the rights of the intellectual authority of the doslidnikiv, organizations and powers on the results of scientific activity;

Ensuring uninterrupted access to public information and the right to freely exchange it;

Development of scientifically advanced and advanced design organizations of various forms of power, support of small innovative enterprises;

Formation of economic minds of a wide range of achievements of science, joining the expansion of the key Russian technological order of scientific and technical innovations;

Promoting the prestige of scientific practice, the creation of good minds of life and work of scientists and specialists;

Propaganda of the current achievements of science, її significance for future Russia;

The defender is right and the interests of Russian scientists abroad.

2. The key element of reforming the system of management of science is becoming a thorough mechanism of financing, organization and taxation policy, and itself:

Seen from the federal budget, allocations for the financing of scientific and advanced and pre-construction work of civil recognition in the world are not less than 3 hundred thousand in the third part of the world with the largest increase in the world's stabilization of the economy, typical for the economy;

Zabezpechennya became sovereign fіnansuvannya Rosіyskoї Academy of Sciences, Rosіyskoї Academy medichnih Sciences, Rosіyskoї Academy sіlskogospodarskih Sciences, Rosіyskoї Academy arhіtekturi that budіvelnih Sciences, Reigning Naukova tsentrіv that organіzatsіy scho pratsyuyut for prіoritetnimi napryamkami science that tehnіki, Reigning unіversitetіv that іnshih provіdnih vischih The Teaching zakladіv, Naukova libraries, museums and information centers;

Provision of a plurality of funding sources for scientific and advanced and advanced design work, for which actively support the work of large state funds, including the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research, the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, the Foundation for the Development of Small Forms of Science and Technology;

creation of friendly minds for investing in science from the side of industry, banks, international organizations and private businesses;

The development of competitive ambushes for roses through scientific programs, projects, state funds, with the approval of the decisions taken and the obtained scientific knowledge, to control over the winnings of cats;

Step-by-step implementation of the federal contract system in the sphere of scientific and technical and advanced design developments;

The introduction of tax and mitnih pills for stimulating and encouraging scientific activity;

a combination of minds and the necessary resources for the participation of Russian scientists in international science projects;

A creation of friendly minds for robotic public scientific associations, academies and scientific partnerships.

Power, beruchi vіn pererahovanі zobov'yazannya, vislovlyuє upevnenіst at tsomu, scho rosіyske NAUKOVO spіvtovaristvo zabezpechit neobhіdnі NAUKOVO-tehnіchnі peredumovi for peretvorennya Russie on legal power іz sotsіalno orієntovanoyu rinkovoyu ekonomіkoyu, Visoko rіvnem duhovnoї i materіalnoї culture, ekologіchnoї that vіyskovoї BEZPEKA.

On September 25, 2006, at the metro station Arkhangelsk at the Pomor State University named after. M.V. Lomonosov held a round table "Resources for the development of Russian science in the XXI century", the organizers of which were the Pomorsk Affiliate of the National Committee "Intellectual Resources of Russia", the Arkhangelsk Regional Affiliation of the Russian Union of Young Scientists, the Pomor State University. M.V. Lomonosov and Pomorsk Branch of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.

At the round table took robotі fate Spіvgolova Natsіonalnogo komіtetu "Іntelektualnі resources Russie", President Rosіyskoї prirodnichih Academy of Sciences Oleg Kuznєtsov, Vikonavchy secretarial Natsіonalnogo komіtetu "Іntelektualnі resources Russie" V'yacheslav Panov, head Advocate Admіnіstratsії Arhangelskoї oblastі of power sotsіalnih Michael Sіtkіn, IM Rector . M.V. Lomonosov Volodymyr Bulatov, deputies of the Arkhangelsk Regional Assembly of Deputies, representatives of the scientific community of the Arkhangelsk Region and a member of the Arkhangelsk Regional Branch of the Russian Union of Young Scientists.

The participants of the round table presented their knowledge directly and prospects for the development of Russian science, made specific propositions on the power of reforming the lighting system, the development of scientific and innovative potential, especially slandered the importance of work with young scientists, the formation of minds for their normal, successful scientific life " vitikannyu "mіzkіv".

The head of the Arkhangelsk Regional Division of the Russian Union of Young Scientists Sergiy Sorokin spoke on the issue of "Problems of young scientists and the role of large communities in their virishenni", in the same problem of young scientists divided into two groups: the first, the second thought, including the problems of society the cost of paying for the labor, the impossibility of giving a living and that in.), and the friend is tied up with scientific robot, with the enormous status of a young scientist, demanding his own activity.

Porushyuyuschey problem "vіdplivu mіzkіv", Sergіy Sorokin, stating that next to speak not only about the work of young scientists vikhati for the cordon, but also about the constant migration from the peripheral regions of Russia to the її central regions, and also about the development of the sphere of science in young people . .

The head of the Arkhangelsk Regional Branch of the Russian Union of Young Scientists went back to cerebration of undertakings about those who stink more respectfully approached the rozrobok of young scientists, put them into practice. The preservation of young people in science, the promotion of the effectiveness of their work, according to the idea of Sergey Sorokin, it is possible to coordinate the activities of the state, in order to lay down the law and financial security of the VNZ, as a scientific base, and the community of young scientists.

Doctrine of the development of Russian science

DISCOVERED
President of the Russian Federation on June 13, 1996 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 13, 1996 N 884)

The doctrine of the development of Russian science is a system of looking at the role and significance of science in the security of independence and prosperity of Russia, as well as the principles that determine the mechanism of sovereign regulation of scientific activity, which are used to improve the specific social and economic situation federal agencies vikonavchoi vladi, organizations of vikonavchos vlady sub'єktіv Russian Federation, naukovtsі, scientific and advanced organizations, scientific and technical partnerships and associations.

1. Russian science, for its rich history, has made a great contribution to the development of the country and the world of light. With its own foundation of the great power of the world, Russia is rich in what is beyond the reach of the scholars of the state.

In today's minds, practical wisdom of natural, humanistic and scientific and technical knowledge is becoming the core of life security for the life of society, spiritual and physical health.

The development of science is rich in what is the efficiency of economic activities, defensiveness, spiritual and political culture of the population of the country, the protection of special features and welfare in the face of unfriendly natural and anthropogenic factors.

2. With an important mental formation of the science of life, it was a great pleasure to catch us straight ahead. In the country, a large network of scientifically significant organizations was formed, both of a fundamental and applied nature. For richness directly, science took the leading positions in the world. Tse reached for the account of the high level of the leading scientific schools, the prestige of the practitioner and the great number of scholars educated to science, as well as for the account of the total budgetary financing. The prote administrative-command mechanism of the economy, the high level of closeness of the scientific and technical sphere, the lack of truth in the exchange of rights of intellectual power reduced the efficiency of the scientific potential of the country.

Nin, if the possibility of freedom of scientific creativity, the exchange of information and international spy work expands, the camp of Russian science will immediately change. Protea systemic crisis, Scho Suppomoju perigode of the social and politician crossing of the 10th, pronounced before, in front of Vitchiznyannyannya, Nova Sorioznі's difficulty: Insecluded, the budget of the Finansuvannya Nakovovo-Domelіdniy, the Dzelіth-Design Robita, not robbish, of the Schedule of Material and Technical Basic Science, minds of life and practice of scientists, facilitating effective state regulation in the scientific sphere. The prestige of the profession of a scientist having fallen to an unacceptably low level in the society, science has ceased to be attractive for talented young people. For obvious reasons, the need for a fundamental reorganization of the field of science, the acquisition of additional sources of finance. As before, the problem of more effective achievement of the results of scientific research in the economy is urgent.

3. The new trends in the development of light sleep have become the expansion of cooperation and cooperation of the powers in solving global problems related to the savings of dovkil, ensuring the spiritual and physical level of life of people, maintaining the health of people. There is a joint effort of scientists and engineers of the developed lands at the search for new sources of energy, the development of space, the creation of an open informational medium. The new strategy for the development of science gives priority to achievements, which may be significant for the very prospects of the foundation of light sleepiness, for the old and carefree development.

The scale and pace of the development of industrial science is to ensure the viability of the potential of Russia to the level of scientific and technological progress. The priorities of scientific achievements are also determined by the economic and geopolitical development of Russia, the emergence of natural resources, which may be of global importance, the needs of the spiritual development of our society, the humanistic traditions of Russian science. The current impact on the choice of priorities continues and world trends in the development of human civilization at the turn of the two thousandth.

5. For the real transformation of life in Russia, the development of science in the regions is of paramount importance, as it contributes to their progress with the improvement of economic, resource, environmental and cultural features.