I have a lot of rotissions of SRR. Rocks of the basis of the SRSR, especially, history and facts. Not far away try the taste of independence
The creation of the SRSR took place, at the thought of rich historians, it hurts. In the country, the Gromadyan war has recently ended, the consequences of which were hard to endure. The nutrition of the single administrative-territorial structure became even worse.
At that time, the RRFSR occupied close to 92% of the entire territory of the state. The population of this territory has become close to 70% of the SRSR. Vіsіm vіdsotkіv, scho was left, the area was occupied by the republics of Belarus, Ukraine, as well as the Transcaucasian Federation, as in the 22nd rotation united Virmenіyu, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In addition, at the gathering of the state, її management was formed from Chita. At that time there were two republics: Bukhara and Khorezm.
Rethink the creation of the SRSR
The country was very worried about the consequences. Tse, with its chergo, has sown the development of the economy, national, cultural vineyards. In addition, the creation of the SRSR would have allowed some of the shortfalls in the development of low republics to be spared. It is necessary to guard that the territory of the state was sharpened by various lands, which are often better than forged. This fact has slipped into the union of the republics.
History of creation of the SRSR
For the concentration of resources and the strengthening of the centralization mechanism for the management of the hour of the Gromadyansk war at the Chervni 1919, the fate of Ukraine, the RRFSR and Belarus united at the union. In this manner, the possibility of uniting the military forces and the centralized command appeared. In this type of skin republic, delegates were represented to the bodies of state power.
At the same time, the favor of the unification of the republics from the union transferred the re-ordering of four republican galleys to transport, finance and industry to the people's commissariats. Nove sovereign molding in history it has gone under the name "contractual federation". The specialties of this association were those who Russian Organs from the administration began to function as the only representatives of the supreme A republican communist party were included in the warehouse of the RCP (b) as a lesser regional party organization.
Nezabar began rozbіzhnostі mіzh moskovskiy center of government and republics. Remaining in the past, the association will allow you to be able to make a decision on your own. Vodnochas nezalezhnistnost respublik at galuzі upravlіnnya was declared officially.
The reasons for the blame and the development of the conflict were the inconsistency between the central and republican events. In addition, they often provoked sabotage adopted by the central authorities and did not know the understanding of the republican authorities in the sphere of the economy.
As a result, by means of a cardinal breakdown of the situation, a commission was created, to which the representatives of the republics went to the warehouse. Becoming the head of її Kuibishev. Stalin was entrusted with the task of developing the project for the autonomy of the republics.
Until the middle of the 22nd year, six republics were established: Russian, Georgian, Virmensk, Azerbaijan, Belarusian, Ukrainian. In early 1922, a commission was formed for clarification of mutual relations between Ukraine and Russia. In the course of the year, the power was seen even by other republics.
Creation of the SRSR, at a thought low doslidnikiv, sympathetically vplinuv razvitiya raznih spheres of life (health protection, culture, enlightenment and others). The new state united close to 185 nationalities and nationalities. The process of unification into a rich-national state is not super-successful to the interests of the peoples who inhabited the territory of the country. Consolidation gave the young powers the opportunity to occupy one of the most important places in the worldly geopolitical space.
History of the Union of Radyansk Socialist Republics- a power that founded from 1922 to 1991 in Europe and Asia. Union of the RSR LIVE 1/6 of the part of the village of La Bouv Nibіlshuyu for the faint of the kiev, Rosіyski, Yaku Rabіsh, was born Rosіyski Іmperіya without Fіnlyandії, the parties of the Polish kingdom are the actors of the first territers, Ale of Gloria, Transparents, Prussia, Pivnian, Pivnian Bukovin, .
Prehistory
lute revolution
“The inauguration of Imperial Russia began a long time ago. At the hour of the revolution, the old regime was broken up, exhausted and seen each other. Viyna finished the process of laying out. It is impossible to say that the Lutnev revolution overthrew the monarchy in Russia, the monarchy itself fell, without stealing anyone ... Bolshovism, long prepared by Lenin, manifesting itself with a single force, like, from one side, could complete the laying out of the old and, from the other side, organize new” (Mikola Berdyaev).
Zhovtnev revolution
Pіslya Lyutnevoї revolyutsії 1917 roku Novi revolyutsіyny Timchasovy Uryadov not zmіg vіdnoviti way in kraїnі scho prizvelo to knots in polіtichnogo chaos vnaslіdok yakogo Vlady Russie zahopila partіya bіlshovikіv pid kerіvnitstvom Volodymyr Lenina, at soyuzі of lіvimi eserami that anarhіstami (Zhovtneva revolyutsіya) Supreme body of Vladi it was voted for For the sake of robotic, soldiery and village deputies. Vikonavcha vlad was appointed by the people's commissars. The reforms of the Radyansk order were considered, the head rank, at the attached war (Decree on peace) and the transfer of landowners' lands to the villagers (Decree on land).
Gromadyanskaya war
The division of the founding assembly and division in revolutionary Russia was brought to the Great War, and in those opponents of the Bilshoviks (“bili”) fought against their pribіchnikiv (“chervonih”) for a long period of 1918-1922. Not otrimavshi broad podtrimki, white rush progra war. At the edge of the bula, the political power of the RCP (b) was installed, as if it were step by step angry with the centralization of the state apparatus.
Under the hour of the revolution, that hromada war territory of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus was conquered by Poland, which reaffirmed its independence. Bessarabia was annexed by Romania. The region of Kars bula was conquered by Turechchina. On the territories earlier, the independent powers (Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) were established up to the warehouse of the Russian princedom of Finland, Kovno, Vilensk, Suvalk, Liflyand, Estlyand and Courland provinces.
SRSR in 1922-1953
Education of the SRSR
On December 30, 1922, the RRFSR together with Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR), Belarus (BRSR) and the republics of Transcaucasia (ZSFSR) established the Union of Radyansk Socialist Republics (SRSR).
The struggle for power in the party
All organs of state power in the Soviet Socialist Republic were controlled by the communist party (until 1925 the won was called the RCP (b), in 1925-1952 - the VKP (b), from 1952 - the CPRS). The main body of the party is the Central Committee (CC). The permanent organs of the Central Committee were the Politburo (since 1952 - the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU), the Organizing Bureau (since 1952) and the Secretariat. The most important of them was the Politburo. Yogo decisions were accepted as obov'yazkovі to vikonannya by all party and sovereign bodies.
In connection with this, power in the country was brought up to power control over the Politburo. All members of the Politburo were formally equal, but until 1924 the most authoritative of them was V.I. Lenin, what a head at the meetings of the Politburo. However, in the period from 1922 until his death in 1924, Lenin was seriously ill and, as a rule, did not take part in the work of the Politburo.
For example, in 1922 the fate of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), so as not to heal the ailing V. I. Lenina, developed from 6 osib - І. V. Stalin, L. D. Trotsky, G. E. Zinovyova, L. B. Kameneva, A. I. Rikov and M.P. Tomsky. From 1922 to March 1925, L. B. Kamenev, the head of the head, sounded at the meetings of the Politburo.
Stalin, Zinov'єv and Kamenev organized a "triika", based on Trotsky's opposition, to which the stench was put negatively from the hours of the mass war practical for everything Zinov'eva). Tomsky, being the leader of professional unions, was negatively placed before Trotsky for hours tz. "Discussions about professional splits".
Trotsky, becoming a repair opir. Zhovtni born in 1923 Vіn nadislav leaf to the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission (Central Control Commission) with the help of strengthening democracy in the party. The same yoga pribіchniki sent to the Politburo t.z. "Application 46". "Three" also showed its mіts, leading rank vikoristovuyuchi resource to the apparatus of the Central Committee, kerovannye Stalinim (the apparatus of the Central Committee was able to join in the selection of candidates from the delegates at the party conference). At the XIII Conference of the RCP (b), Trotsky's pribіchniks were condemned. Stalin's injection was even stronger.
Lenin died on September 21, 1924. "Triyka" united with Bukharinim, A.I. Rikovim, Tomsk and V.V. Kuibishev, who spoke in the Politburo (who was included as a member of Rikov and a candidate for a member of Kuibishev) tz. "simka". Late, at the sickle plenum of 1924. This "Simka" became an official body, although it was taєmnim and statutory.
The XIII z'izd of the RCP (b) appeared as an important Stalin. In front of the cob to the star, Lenin's widow N. K. Krupska handed over the Leaf to the Star. It was voted out at the meetings for the sake of the elders (a non-statutory body that consists of members of the Central Committee and ker_vniki in the local party organizations). Stalin said at the meeting about the resignation. Kamenev uttered a virishity to feed the votes. The majority hung for Stalin's absence at the plantation of the General Secretary, only Trotsky's pribіchniks voted against. Then a proposition was voted that the document could be publicized at closed meetings of other delegations, while no one had the right to record and at meetings from the Zapovit it was impossible to apply. In this rank, “Leaf to the z'ezd” is navit without guessing from the materials of the z'izd. Previously, it was stunned by N. S. Khrushchov at the 20th z'їzdі CPRS in 1956. Later, this fact was victorious in opposition to criticism of Stalin and that party (it was staggering that the Central Committee "having attached" Lenin's "command"). Stalin himself (in front of the plenum of the Central Committee of the citation about his introduction) zvuvachennya vodkidav. Two days after the day, de future victims of Stalin, Zinov'ev and Kamenev, won all their blows, to deprive yoga in the settlement, Stalin fired fire on his allies. A handful of wines shriveled up with a pardon from Drukars ("Nepmanivska" deputy "Nepovska" in a quote from Lenin by Kamenev:
In addition, Stalin added Zinov'yeva, without naming his name, at the principle of "the dictatorship of the party", which is still hanging on the XII star, moreover, this thesis was fixed in the resolution of the party and Stalin himself voted for the new one. Bukharin and Rikov became the main allies of Stalin among the “simtsi”.
A new split appeared in the Politburo in 1925, when Zinov'ev, Kamenev, G. Ya. (Zіnov'єєV KeruvavAv Leningradski Komunіstami, Kamenov Muscovy, and Serious Rob_nichnaya Claus of the Great Mist, Jacques Lie Gіrsche, Nіzh to Pershio Svіtovoi Vіini, Bulo Strong Nesolvennnya low-wage salary, the tires of Tsіn on C / g Products, Shaho called to the Vimoga to the Selianism і especially for curculia). "Simka" fell apart. At that time, Stalin, having become united with the "right" Bukharin-Rikov-Tomsky, they expressed the interests of us in front of the villagers. At the internal party struggle, which began, between the “right” and “left” wines, having pressed the forces of the party apparatus, the stench (Bukharin herself) acted like theorists. The "new opposition" of Zinov'eva and Kamenev was condemned to the XIV star.
At that time, the theory of victory over socialism was blamed only in the country. This glance was developed by Stalin in the brochure “Before nourishing Leninism” (1926) and Bukharin. Pong rozdіlili supply about Peremoga sotsіalіzmu on Dvi Chastain - Power about Povny Peremoga sotsіalіzmu, tobto about mozhlivіst pobudovi sotsіalіzmu that Povny nemozhlivіst restavratsії kapіtalіzmu vnutrіshnіmi forces that power about residual Peremoga, tobto nemozhlivіst restavratsії zavdyaki vtruchannyu zahіdnih powers, scho Bulo b viklyucheno tіlki Shlyakhov vstanovlennya revolutions in the lands.
Trotsky, who did not believe in socialism in one country, having come to Zinov'ev and Kamenev. T.z. "United Opposition". The Vaughn was remnantly destroyed after the demonstration, ruled by Trotsky's followers on the 7th leaf fall, 1927, near Leningrad.
From 1925 to 1929, control over the Politburo was gradually seized in the hands of I. V. Stalin, who from 1922 to 1934 was General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party. In 1929, Stalin’s rozіn got rid of his new comrades-in-arms: Bukharin - the head of the Comintern, Rikov - the head of the RNC, Tomsky - the leader of professional unions. In this manner, Stalin, having stepped out of the political struggle of all those who, on one thought, could have crossed the leadership of the country in a moment, we can talk about the present dictatorship of Stalin in the whole period.
New economic policy
In 1922-1929, the state launched the New Economic Policy (NEP), the economy became rich. After the death of Lenin, an internal political struggle begins. Josip Stalin will come to power, having established his special dictatorship and the existence of his political superniks.
With the transition to the NEP, an impulse was given to the development of business. Prote freedom of undertaking was allowed only by the singing world. In the industry of private goods, the richest was surrounded by the selection of goods of a wide variety, the production of certain types of syrovin, the preparation of the simplest goods; in trade - mediation between other goods manufacturers and the sale of goods in private industry; on transport - organizing the transport of other parties vantage.
With the method of preventing the concentration of private capital, the state won such an instrument as tribute. In 1924/1925, the gospodarsky roci tributes were paid from 35 to 52% of the total income of private owners. There were few middle and great private industrial undertakings at the rock. In 1923/1924 p. at the warehouse of all census industries (there were less than 16 industrial enterprises out of the number of workers for the presence of a mechanical engine and less than 30 - without a engine), private enterprises gave only 4.3% of products.
The villagers became the most important part of the population. The stench suffered from disproportions in spіvvіdnoshnіnі regulation of prices by the power on industrial and agricultural goods (“knives of prices”). The villagers, not caring for the great need for industrial goods, could not buy them through such high prices. So, before the war, a peasant, in order to pay for the cost of a plow, could sell 6 poods of wheat, and 1923 p. - 24 pounds; The price of harvesting for the same period increased from 125 poods of grain to 544. In 1923, through a reduction in harvesting prices for the most important grain crops and an overworld increase in admission prices for industrial goods, the hardships became difficult for industrial goods.
Until the fierce 1924, it became clear that the villagers were giving bread to the state for the Soviet signs. February 2, 1924 II Z'izd Glad SRSR praising to introduce into circulation the currency of the allied union sign. Decree of the CVC and RNA SRSR dated February 5, 1924. deafening about the issuance of state treasury bills of the USSR. On February 14, 1924 Bulo pinned drukuvannya radznakіv, і z 25 Bereznya - release in obіg.
Industry
XIV star of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, for example, 1925 having voted a course for the industrialization of the country. Z 1926 the SRSR is starting to develop options for the first five-year plan. People's Commissar of Finance of the USSR G. Ya. In today's thought, only on the basis of an important and agricultural state, which has risen to "possibility", building enough to infuriate the population, you can come to mind for the expansion of industry.
One of the plans, split by fakhіvtsy to the State Plan of the SRSR, having transferred the development of uсіх galuzi, scho to produce objects of wide habitation, and tі sobi vrobnitstv, the need for such a small mass character. The economy of this one was directly brought to the conclusion that everywhere in the world of intensive handicrafts, the development of roses began in the very beginning of these blinds.
Industry, owing to the obvious necessity, the creation of basic galuzes of an important industry, further to provide the market with the necessary village goods, was roared. The supply of space through the normal exchange of goods collapsed, the substitution of substitutions for a penny in 1924 roci. Viniklo enchantment colonies: for vіdnovlennya balance potrіbno Bulo priskoriti іndustrіalіzatsіyu for tsogo potrіbno Bulo zbіlshiti sailed іz village food produktіv eksportu that robochoї Sealy, and for tsogo Bulo potrіbno zbіlshiti virobnitstvo hlіba, pіdvischiti Yogo tovarnіst, stvoriti on selі require of produktsії vazhkoї promislovostі ( machines)). The situation worsened in the course of the revolution, the basis of the commodity production of bread in pre-revolutionary Russia - the great landowning states, and the project of creation was needed to replace them.
The policy of industrialization was carried out by Stalin, which led to high prices and regulations, which were established for the export of wheat and other goods there. For the collective farms, great plans were set for the task of the agricultural production of the state. The sharp fall in the life of the peasants and the famine of 1932-33, according to historians, became a legacy of these grain procurement campaigns. The middle riven of life of the population of the silsk city for the whole further history of the SRSR did not turn to the 1929 fate.
Cardinal nutrition - choice of the industrialization method. The discussion about it continued importantly and for a long time, and її the result determined the nature of the sovereignty of the empire. Not looming, on the vіdmina of Russia on the cob of a century, foreign credits like an important dzherel koshtіv, the SRSR could conduct industrialization only with the help of internal resources. Vplivova group (member of the Politburo N.I. Bukharin, head of the Radnarkom A.I. Rikov and head of the All-Russian Central Revolutionary Trade Union M.P. Tomsky) stood for the “sparse” option of incremental accumulation of koshtiv through the sale of NEP. L. D. Trotsky - forcing option. I. V. Stalin, standing on the back of his head on the point of Bukharin's dawn, protested after Trotsky's exclusion from the Central Committee of the party, for example, 1927. changing your position to diametrically opposite. This caused a virishal victory for the pribіchnikі in the forced industrialization.
For 1928-1940, according to CIA estimates, medium growth the gross national product of the SRSR, becoming 6.1%, which was reported to Japan, was equal to the most recent indicator in Germany and was significantly higher than the growth of the largest capitalist countries that experienced the “Great Depression”. Through the war of industry behind the obsyagog industrial production of the SRSR, we moved first to Europe and to another - in the world, having overtaken England, Germany, France and acted less than the USA. Part of the SRSR in the world industrial production reached up to 10%. A particularly sharp streak is at the reach of the development of metallurgy, energy, workbench production, and chemical industry. In fact, the number of new galuzes is low: aluminium, aviation, automotive industry, bearing manufacturing, tractor and tank manufacturing. One of the most important results of the industrialization was the completion of the technical standard and the approval of the economic independence of the SRSR.
Nutrition, on the strength of the reach, took away the remembrances of the Great Vitchiznian war, is left as a subject of discussion. At the Radian hour, the idea was accepted that the industrialization and pre-war reformation played a vital role. Critics pay respect to those who are up to the ear of the winter of 1941. the territory was paid off, 42% of the population of the SRSR lived in the yakіy before the war, 63% of the coal was found, 68% of the chavun was melted. As V. Lelchuk writes, “I won not for the help of that strained potential, which was the creation of the accelerated industrialization”. The numbers seem to speak for themselves. Regardless of those in 1943. The Soviet Socialist Republic smelted more than 8.5 million tons of steel (replaced from 18.3 million tons in 1940), at that time, as the German craftsmanship of this rock, melted over 35 million tons (including burial in European metallurgy backwaters), regardless of colossal Skoda in the wake of the German invasion, the craftsmanship of the SRSR could build up more wealth, lower German. in 1942 The SRSR turned over Nіmechchina with the release of tanks in 3.9 times, combat aircraft in 1.9 times, and the same number of sights in 3.1 times. Whom Shvidko had a thorough organization and technology of manufacturing: 1944. the compatibility of all types of Ukrainian products was shortened against 1940. udvіchі. The records of Viysk's production were far away from the reach of the rahunka of the fact that all new craftsmanship is of little sublime recognition. The industrial-syrovinna base was widely distributed beyond the Urals and Siberia, just as pre-revolutionary industrialism appeared on the reclaimed territories. Chimal played a role in the evacuation of industry in the regions of the Urals, the Volga region, Siberia and Central Asia. Tіlki stretching the first three months 1360 great (important military) enterprises were moved.
Ignoring the pace of urbanization beginning in 1928, until the end of Stalin’s life, most of the population, like before, lived in the rural area, far from the great industrial centers. On the other hand, one of the results of industrialization was the formation of a party and a working elite. Looking back at the surroundings, changing the life balance of the years 1928-1952. characterized by such features (details below):
- The middle riven of life in the country, having recognized significant coliving (especially tied to the first penny and war), however, in 1938. the one in 1952 vіn buv vishchim or mayzhe such themselves, scho y y 1928 p.
- The biggest increase in life was among the party and working elite.
- The riven of life of the most important rural inhabitants (and such a rank of the majority of the population of the country) did not improve according to different estimates, but signifi- cantly became worse.
Stalin's methods of industrialization, collectivization in the countryside, liquidation of the private trading system led to a significant reduction in the fund of savings and, as a result, life throughout the country. The growth of the mіskogo population has caused the living camp to be destroyed; the smoky “shrink” passed again, who arrived from the village of workers settled in barracks. Until the end of 1929, the kart system was extended to cover all food products, and then - to industrial products. However, it was not possible to take the necessary rations for cards, and in 1931 additional “orders” were introduced. It was impossible to buy products without standing at the majestic houses.
To commemorate the data of the Smolensk party archive, in 1929 the Smolensk worker took 600 g of bread per day, members of the family - 300 each, fat - 200 g to a liter of olive oil per month, 1 kg of zucru; the worker took off on the river 30-36 meters of calico. Nadali camp (until 1935) was less pompous. The GPU was beginning to feel very dissatisfied with the worker's middle.
Collectivization
From the beginning of the 1930s, the collectivization of the rural state was carried out - the unification of all rural states at the centralization of the kolgospi. Significantly, the liquidation of the rights of power over the land was the end of "class nutrition". In addition, zgidno z panіvnimi ekonomіchnimi glances, great kolgospi could pratsyuvat more efficiently zastosuvannu tekhnika and rozpodіlu pratsі.
Collectivization became a catastrophe for the rural state: due to official tribute, gross grain harvests decreased from 733.3 million cents in 1928. to 696.7 million c in 1931-32. Grain yield in 1932 became 5.7 centners per hectare versus 8.2 centners per hectare in 1913. Gross agricultural production became 124% in 1928 versus 1913 rock, 1929-121%, 1930-117%, 1931-114%, 1932-107 %, 1933-101% Tvarynnitska production became 1933 year 65% equal to 1913 year. Ale rahunok villagers virіs for 20% of the choice of marketable grain, flooring of the necessary country for industrialization.
If I saw the harvest of bread in 1927, if I had a chance to go as far as the supremacy (firm prices, close the market and bring reprisals), and even more catastrophic campaign of grain procurement in 1928-1929. food is a little virishuvatisya terminovo. Nadzvichayny come in at the time of harvesting in 1929, they were taken as if it were not normal, they called out about 1300 stabs. In 1929 cards for bread were introduced in all places (in 1928 - in some places).
The path of the creation of farming through the development of the villagers was insane because of the radian project for ideological reasons. Bulo took a course on collectivization. Tse conveyed the liquidation of kurculstvo "like a class."
Cards for bread, cereals and pasta were collected on the 1st of September 1935, and in other (non-food) goods from the 1st of September 1936. This was accompanied by an increase in wages in the industrial sector and even more increases in state rations in the form of goods. Commenting on the cards, Stalin uttered a phrase that soon became a catchphrase: "Life has become more beautiful, life has become more fun."
In the whole world, the per capita growth rate was 22% between 1928 and 1938. However, the growth of the largest middle group of the party and working elite and, of course, did not hit the most important rural population, or more than half of the population of the region.
Terror and repression
In the 1920s, there were political reprisals against the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Menshoviks, who were not inspired by their persecutions. So many nobles were aware of the reprisals for the deeds and the hibniy ringing.
After the beginning of the primus collectivization of the agricultural state and the accelerated industrialization, for example, in the 1920s - the beginning of the 1930s, the years of the establishment, at the thought of some historians, the dictatorship of Stalin and the completion of the creation of an authoritarian regime in the Soviet Socialist Republic were the most influential periods.
The reprisals, which did not stick before Stalin's death, reached especially cruelty in the period of the "Great Terror" of 1937-1938, which was also called "Yezhovism". During this period, hundreds of thousands of people were shot and sent to the camps of the GULAG for falsified calls from some political villains.
Modern politics of the SRSR in the 1930s
After the arrival of Hitler before the rule of Stalin, he sharply changed the traditional Radian policy: as before, it was directed to an alliance from the Nazis against the Versailles system, and according to the line of the Comintern - to the fight against the social democrats as the main enemy (the theory of “socialism” became the ), then now it was against the created system of “collective security” at the warehouse of the SRSR and the many lands of Antante against Germany and the union of communists with the strongest forces against fascism (tactics of the “popular front”). France and England were afraid of the SRSR and were able to “calm down” Hitler, which appeared in the history of the “Munich spirit” and far away from the failure of negotiations between the SRSR and England, France about the military defense against Germany. Negatively after Munich, in the autumn of 1938, Stalin began to put pressure on the Nimechchyna on the basis of the supply of mutual funds from the trading part. On July 1, 1938, Poland, in an ultimatum form, longed to transfer the Czech Republic to the Teshinsk region, the subject of territorial superechok between it and Czechoslovakia in 1918-1920. And in the birch of 1939, Nimechchina redeemed part of what was lost from Czechoslovakia. March 10, 1939 Stalin worked on additional support for the XVIII century party, in the following way he formulates the aims of the Radian policy:
“1. To carry out and send a policy to the world and to exchange business contacts from the usa lands.
2. ... Do not let the provocateurs of the war get involved in the conflict, as they sounded to rake in the heat with the wrong hands.
This was marked by the German embassy as an attack on Moscow's nebzhannia to act as allies of England and France. At the head of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, Litvinov, a Jew and a long-wearing clerk of the course of "collective security" was planted at the head of the NKID, and replaced by Molotov. At the ceramics of Nimechchina, the price was also regarded as a friendly sign.
At that hour, the international situation sharply began to speak through the claims of Nimechchini to Poland, England and France for the first time showing readiness to enter into a war with Nimechchina, trying to get to the union of the SRSR. Influx of 1939 Stalin, supporting negotiations about an alliance with England and France, at the same time starting negotiations with Nimechchina. As the historians say, Stalin's pressures from the Bik Nimechchini were celebrated in the world of that, as they sang in the midst of the Nimechchina and Poland, they were swept away - between Britain, Poland and Japan. Zvіdsi fight vysnovok, scho Stalin's policy is small not so pro-German, like anti-British and anti-Polish character; Stalin categorically did not rule over the old status quo;
Modern politics of the SRSR in 1939-1940
At night on the 17th of spring 1939 The SRSR revealed the Polish expedition to Western Ukraine and Western Belarus (including the region of Bilostok), which included Poland, as well as the Vilnius region, as a secret supplementary protocol to the Non-Aggression Treaty between Nimechchina and the Radyansk Union were included in the sphere. 28 spring 1939 The SRSR has clapped with Nimechchina the Agreement about friendship and the cordon, as it was fixed, approximately behind the "Curzon line", "the cordon between mutual sovereign interests on the territory of the large Polish state." Zhovtni born in 1939 Zahidna Ukraine went to the warehouse of the URSR, Zahidna Belarus went to the warehouse of the BRSR, the Vilnius Territory was transferred to Lithuania.
Niktntsі Vesnynya - Catherine of Zovning 1939 ROKA ZUTONІєYU, Latviu Tu Lithuania, Yakі zgіddyu іz Secretary Dodatovim Protocol to the Treaty about the nonsense MІZHCHCHCHICHINY TAY TAY RADYANSIKY UNION Buli Vіdyssenі to Sferi Entheress SRSR, Buli Stowing Agreement, Vіdpovy-like on the territory of Radyantskі Viysk bases.
On July 5, 1939, the Soviet Socialist Republic zaproponuvav and Finland, as well as a secret supplementary protocol to the Treaty on Non-Aggression between the Nimechchina and the Radyansk Union, was brought to the sphere of interests of the SRSR, look at the possibility of laying down the SRSR pact on mutual relations. Negotiate openly on the 11th of July, Prote Finland declared the propositions of the SRSR as a pact, as well as an exchange of territories. 30 leaf fall 1939 The SRSR broke out in war with Finland. The war on 12 February 1940 ended with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty, which fixed the low territorial act from the side of Finland. The meta was called for at a glance - the latest defeat of Finland - the bula was reached, and the spending of the Radyansky warriors was too big against the plans, that they transferred the light and the swede overpowered by small forces. The prestige of the Chervonoy Army as a strong opponent was undermined. It was the strongest hostility to the Nimechchina that led Hitler to the idea of attacking the SRSR.
In the rich countries, like in the SRSR before the war, they underestimated the Finnish army, and in the smut - the tightness of the strengthening of the "Mannerheim line", and respected that they could give a serious support. To that, the “long-term scourge” from Finland was taken as a sign of the weakness and unpreparedness of the Chervonoy Army before the war.
14 chernya 1940 radyansky order presented an ultimatum to Lithuania, and 16 worms - to Latvia and Estonia. In the main rices, sensible ultimatums were issued - it was necessary for these powers to bring orders to the rule of the friendly SRSR and allow additional military contingents to enter the territory of these krais. Wash Bulo accepted. 15 chervnya radyansky voiska went to Lithuania, and 17 chernya - to Estonia and Latvia. The new councils took the fences for the activity of the communist parties, and they appointed later parliamentary elections. At the elections of all three powers, I won the pro-communist blocs (Unions) of the working people - single electoral lists admitted to elections. Newly elected parliaments already on 21-22 April voted the decision of the Estonian RSR, the Latvian RSR and the Lithuanian RSR and praised the Declaration on entry to the SRSR. 3-6 serpnya 1940 p., povіdno until the decision qi of the republic were accepted to the warehouse of the Radyansk Union. (Report of the div. Admission of the Baltic to the Soviet Socialist Republic (1939-1940)).
After the beginning of the German aggression against the Soviet Socialist Republic in 1941, the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants of the Baltic states with the Radian regime became the reason for their violent attacks on the Radian Viysk, which took the Germans to Leningrad.
On March 26, 1940, the Soviet Socialist Republic asked for the transfer of Romania to the city of Bessarabia and Pivnichnaya Bukovina. Romania agreed with this ultimatum and on 28 March 1940, the territory of Bessarabia and Pivnichnaya Bukovina was brought to the territory of Bessarabia and Bukovina (report of the div. Arrival of Bessarabia to the SRSR). On September 2, 1940, at the VII session of the Supreme Council for the sake of the SRSR, the Law on the establishment of the Union Moldavian Radian Socialist Republic was praised. To the warehouse of the Moldavian RSR, it was included: the district of Chisiniv, 6 of 9 districts of Bessarabia (Baltiy, Bendery, Cahul, Chisiniv, Orgeev, Soroki), as well as the locality of Tiraspil and 6 of 14 districts of Kolishnoi Moldavska Sloboi, Dubossarsky ARSR . Other districts of the MARSR, as well as Akermansky, Izmailsky and Khotinsky districts of Bessarabia reached the Ukrainian RSR. Pivnichna Bukovyna also reached the warehouse of the Ukrainian RSR.
great Vitchiznyan war
On March 22, 1941, the Nazi Nіmechchina attacked the Soviet Socialist Republic, violating the provisions of the non-aggression pact. The Great Vitchiznyan War began. On the back of Nіmechchina and її allies could achieve great successes and capture great territories, however, they could not sack Moscow, after which the war had become protracted. In the course of the turning point battles near Stalingrad, the Kursk Radiansky troops went on the offensive and defeated the German army, possibly ending the war at the grass of 1945 to the capture of Berlin. In 1944, Tuva came to the warehouse of the SRSR, and in 1945, as a result of the war with Japan, New Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands were added. During the war years, as a result of the occupation, massive demographic spending in the SRSR was 26.6 million.
The last hour of the war
After the war near the lands of Northern Europe (Ugryshchyna, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, NDR), communist parties came to power, friendly SRSR. The role of the United States in the world has grown stronger. The blue of the SRSR from Sunset (Div. Kholodna Vіyna) glared sharply. Vinik Viysk bloc of NATO, in opposition to which the organization of the Warsaw Pact was formed.
After the war and the famine of 1946, in 1947 kartkovo system was skasovano, although a lot of goods became deficient, zokrema, in 1947 p. I feel hunger again. Moreover, in advance of the cards, the prices for rations were increased. Tse allowed 1948-1953. repeatedly and defiantly reduce prices. The lowering of prices has improved the life of the Radian people. In 1952, the quality of bread was 39% of the price of the 1947 season, milk - 72%, meat - 42%, zucru - 49%, topsoil - 37%. The yak was appointed on the XIX star of the CPRS, at that hour the price for bread grew by 28% in the USA, by 90% in England, in France - more lower than doubles; meat quality increased by 26% in the USA, by 35% in England, and by 88% in France. Yakshcho in 1948 real wages in the average boule were 20% lower for the pre-war rіven, then in 1952. the stench already exceeded the pre-war rіven by 25% and may have gone to rіven 1928. Prote among the villagers real income navit u 1952 r. lost 40% below the level of 1928. 30 years after the end of the war of the SRSR for RIVNE LIFE, entering the FIRST ten of the most unfortunate countries of the world (hdr.undp.org), on the top of the 20th post-traditional history of the country of the Kolishny SRSR,
SRSR y 1953-1991
In 1953, the leader of the SRSR I died. V. Stalin. After three years fight for the power of the midst of the Kerіvniztva of the CPRS bula pevna liberalization of the politics of the country and the rehabilitation of the victims of the Stalinist terror. Khrushchev's Vidliga has come.
Khrushchev's Vidliga
Stalin's death in 1953 served as the turning point of the league. Stalinist repressions. In general, the course of Khrushchov's support at the top of the party and inspiring their interests, the remnants of the former party functionaries, who once had fallen into disgrace, could be afraid for their lives. The old politics of the SRSR voted for a course of "peaceful union" with the capitalist world. So Khrushchov opened the rapprochement with Yugoslavia.
The era of stagnation
In 1965, N. S. Khrushchov. We have tried and tested economic reforms, and the so-called Epoch of Stagnation began without a hitch. mass repressions in the SRSR there were no more, thousands of unsatisfied with the policy of the CPRS, but in the aboriginal way of life, they were repressed (without squeezing the strati before them), div. Pravozahisny Rukh in the SRSR.
- According to estimates of the Svitovy Bank, funding for the development of the SRSR in 1970 was 7% of GDP.
Perebudova
In 1985, Roci Gorbachev voiced about the cob of rosebud. In 1989, the rotations were elected to the Verkhovna Radi of the SSR, in 1990 - to the Verkhovna Radi of the Ukrainian SSR.
The collapse of the SRSR
Try the reformation of the Radian system and bury the ruined crisis of the country. In the political arena, the crisis manifested itself as the opposition of the President of the SRSR Gorbachev and the President of the RSFSR Yeltsin. Yeltsin actively promoted the need for the sovereignty of the RRFSR.
The collapse of the Soviet Socialist Republic was seen against the backdrop of an onset of a global economic, out-of-the-way political and demographic crisis. In 1989, the rock was officially voiced about the beginning of the economic crisis in the USSR (the growth of the economy changes with the fall).
A number of international conflicts flare up on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic, the worst among them is the Karabakh conflict; In 1989, the Verkhovna Rada of the Virmensk RSR declared about the accession of Nagirny Karabakh, the Azerbaijan RSR began a blockade. April 1991 between two Radianian republics, in fact, a war begins.
Brought the big Russian Russia completely devastated. For a distant reason, it was necessary for someone to swear. We had the closest neighbors in front of us: Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia. The Bolsheviks ran into their bosses. Through the war on December 30, 1922, in the first star of the Rada, the SRSR was sanctified. On the new boulo, an agreement was signed on the mutual agreement between the central government and the allied bodies.
Change your mind about the SRSR Mali the following character:
In the RRFSR, power belonged to the Bolsheviks. In their efforts to expand the stinks in the allied republics, they achieved great success.
On the territory of all nationalities, the Russian language was expanded.
The whole majestic territory was tied up by a single railing.
Reasons for the dissolution of the SRSR
The reasons for the adoption of the SRSR were attacked:
Zovnishnopolitichny. The party of the Bolsheviks began to expand its power to the largest possible territory, as it could manage.
economical. The economy of the hromada war led Russia to starvation. Їy bula is necessary for the support of the allied republics.
Territorial. At the hour of the supply of food, it was necessary to change hands freely. The only power for whom created the optimal mind.
Cultural. Irrespective of the roots, the nationalities lived together for a long time, and this led to the formation of certain ardent traditions.
Political. The order apparatus of the allied republics, which are from the bіlshovikіv, zhorstko under the order of the central government.
Stages of association
Main stages of association in cob rocks molding of the SRSR is presented in the tables.
The name of the split | Description |
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|---|---|---|
Political | The Viysk-political union between Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus was signed in the form of a decree. From the beginning of the military command was carried out from Moscow. So the sound was about to be announced by the finances. |
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economical | 1920-1921 rocky | Between the allied republics, the state agreements were laid down. Formation body VRNG perebuvav in Moscow and cherubov usiya promislovistyu. For which Bulo, the Derzhplan, which supervised Krzhizhanovsky, was divided. At once the meeting of the Federal Committee for the Development of the Agricultural Sector and the Earth-Growing was made. |
Diplomatic | Lyuty 1922 | In 1922, in Genoa, an international conference was held on the nutrition of the war reformation of the country of Europe. A delegation was sent there, which consists of representatives of the allied republics. |
Stalin's and Lenin's principles to inspire a new country
They established two points of view on the formation of a single state. One technology was used, and another.
Stalin's formula was supposed to be offensive:
- Usі soyuznі republics were included as autonomy to the warehouse of the RRFSR.
- The authorities of the RRFSR became the most powerful of the new state.
Lenin's glance leaned at the offensive:
- Allied republics are guilty to enter, and unite at once with the RRFSR into a single power in equal ambushes.
- In the new light, the creation of the most important bodies of power in the Union is necessary.
Stalin's plans had the creation of a centralized state. Lenin marveled further. At the prospects of wines, entry to the Union and other countries of Europe.
As if showing an hour, Lenin's thought, after 70 years, called for the collapse of the association.
Problems of association
Already the first few steps of the association showed how important the process was. For the pleasure of the union republics, the greater number of galuzes of industry was under the order of the people's commissariats of the RRFSR.
Such a camp was right to overcome discontent on the side of other republics. In fact, by delegating power, they spent the opportunity to make independent decisions. At that, it was about the declaration about the independence of the republics in the sphere of government. Stalin began to blame the problems of pushing the idea of entry of the republic to the warehouse of the RRFSR on the rights of autonomies.
At this hour, Lenin, hanging his concept of uniting all the republics on equal ambushes. The name of such a resolution was first proposed by the Union of the Radianian Republics of Europe and Asia, but later changed to the SRSR. Lenin, motivating his proposition, that the republics would be guilty before unity in such a way that the principles of good-naturedness and importance were maintained. At the same time, a single management of representatives of the union republics can be created.
Education of the SRSR
Map: Osvita SRSR. Development of the Union State (1922-1940). 15 republics gradually united into one mighty country, even though the strong military and economic potential is small. On 12/30/1922, on the eve of the Rada, an allied treaty and declaration on the establishment of the SRSR was signed.
The official date for the consecration of the SRSR is December 30, 1922. At this hour, the 1st star is glad. The republics have gone up to the new:
- RRFSR;
- Ukraine;
- Belarus:
- republics of the Caucasus.
In the morning, a declaration was adopted about the consecration of the SRSR and the Union Treaty.
At the next fate of the SRSR, including 15 republics. They reached the front ones:
- Kazakhstan;
- Kyrgyzstan;
- Turkmenistan;
- Tajikistan;
- Uzbekistan;
- Azerbaijan;
- Turkmenistan;
- Georgia;
- Latvia;
- Lithuania;
- Estonia;
- Moldova.
The working hour included the Finnish Republic.
The declaration reflected the policy of the Radyansk state. Yogis were declared on future fates.
Deyakі quotes read offensively:
- Ninі the whole world is divided into 2 camps: i.
- The main reason for the SRSR is the light revolution.
- Be-like a republic that has become on the socialist path of development, open access to the SRSR.
- Sounding a cry to the unification of the secular proletariat against the capitalist system.
First constitution
The document was accepted on the 2nd star of the Rada. The following meals were included in the yoga proposal before the date of the SRSR:
- Zovnishnya and internal trade.
- The food of war is that of the world.
- Kerіvnitstvo zbroynymi forces.
- Economical nutrition and shaping the budget of the country.
- Legislative initiative.
- The US republics entered the warehouse of the SRSR on volunteer ambushes. Territorial changes could be carried out only after the weather.
Organi Vladi
The Constitution approved the authorities:
The supreme body of the SRSR was ruled by Z'izd Rad. Only vin mav the right to fix the Constitution, or to make changes before it. Obirasya vіn vіd mіsk Rada.
The Central Vikonavchiy Committee zdіysnyuvav prіvlіnnya supervі vіzh z'їzdami. Vin folded for the sake of nationalities and for the sake of the Union.
The Presidium of the Central Exhibition Commission of the SRSR vindicated the power of the power between the sessions of the Central Exhibition Commission.
Vikonavchim body of the CEC SRSR Bula Rada of People's Commissars. Vіn folded from the head, the intercessor of that ten osіb people's commissars.
The republics were little able to express their interests through the authorities, such as the Presidium of the Central Exhibition Committee of the SRSR and the Rada of Nationalities. Vidpovidno to the Constitution, the main power was centered at the center. In such a rank, call for a moment to be supported by all the allied republics.
The main plantations of all the central and allied bodies were occupied by the Bolsheviks. As a result, the party established total control over the activities of the newly created state.
Kerivniki of the country
All translations of the SRSR's ceremonies from the beginning to the collapse of the presentations of the tables.
Kerіvnitstva period | Zaimana Posada |
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|---|---|---|
1917-1921 and 1924 | In the first period, embracing the tenement Head for the sake of the People's Commissars of the RRFSR, and then 1 river Head for the sake of the People's Commissars of the SRSR. |
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In an hour of government, he occupied 4 largest plantations in the state: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bilshovikiv); General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bilshoviks); General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party; Radyansky Union; Head of Radi Ministers of the SRSR. |
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Malenkov | Head of Radi Ministers of the SRSR. |
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First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Radian Union. |
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Andropiv | General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Radian Union |
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Chernenko | General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Radian Union |
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Gorbachev | 1985-1991 and 1991 | General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Radyansk Union, and then the President of the SRSR. |
Significance and heritage of the SRSR
As a result political activities bіshovikіv was created a majestic bagatonic national power. Centralized management allowed the construction of low-scale projects in this territory. At the shortest term, a trade and a strong state were carried out. The country began to develop at a rapid pace. Bulo prompted impersonal business enterprises and carried out electrification of the entire country.
However, these achievements were founded on the basis of the overwhelming enthusiasm of the population, but they could not be continued steadily. For the fates of Radyansk power, the life of the working people grew richer less, lower for the capitalist world. Seriously, the detachment wanted to go beyond the cordon, especially in the capitalist countries, a lot of barriers were created. However, such a camp could not continue for a long time. , which began for Gorbachov, opened up for the population, all the shortcomings of the socialist harmony, and already through the fates of the SRSR, having pinned its foundation.
Union of Radyansk Socialist Republics |
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Motto: "Proletarians of all lands, get back!" |
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Most places: |
Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Tashkent, Baku, Kharkiv, Minsk, Gorky, Novosibirsk, Sverdlovsk, Kuibishev, Tbilisi, Dnipropetrovsk, Yerevan, Odessa |
Russian (de facto) |
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Groshova loneliness: |
Ruble SRSR |
Time zone: |
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22,402,200 km² |
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Population: |
293047571 pers. |
Rule form: |
Radyansk republic |
Internet domain: |
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Telephone code: |
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Host Powers |
Powers after the collapse of the Soviet Socialist Republic |
Union of Radyansk Socialist Republics- a power that founded from 1922 to 1991 in Europe and Asia. Union of the RSR LIVE 1/6 of the part of the village of La Bouv Nibіlshuyu for the faint of the kiev, Rosіyski, Yaku Rabіsh, was born Rosіyski Іmperіya without Fіnlyandії, the parties of the Polish kingdom are the actors of the first territers, Ale of Gloria, Transparents, Prussia, Pivnian, Pivnian Bukovin, .
Apparently, before the Constitution of 1977, the SRSR voted as a single allied bagatonic and socialist power.
Pisl Officon Svіtovoi Vіini SRSR MAV Dry Kordoni Cordoni from Afghanistan, Ugorovna, Iran, China, KPRT (s 9 Veresnya 1948), Mongolіyu, Norwegian, Pol Starta, Rumunієu, Turtchchinyu, Faint, Czechoslovachchchi і Lishe Morceki USA.
Composed of allied republics (in different fates from 4 to 16), for the Constitution, as if they were sovereign powers; the right of free exit from the Union was reserved for the skin union republic. The Union Republic has a small right to join with foreign powers, make agreements with them and exchange diplomatic and consular representatives, take part in the activity of international organizations. Among the 50 countries-founders of the UN order from the Soviet Socialist Republic of Bulgaria and two Soviet republics: BRMS and URSR.
Prior to the warehouse, parts of the republic included autonomous radyansk socialist republics (ASSR), krais, oblasts, autonomous oblasts (AT) and autonomous (before 1977 - national) districts.
Following the Other World War of the SRSR, an order from the USA, being a superpower. The Radian Union dominated the world system of socialism, as well as being a permanent member of the UN Security Council.
The collapse of the Soviet Socialist Republic was characterized by hostile opposition between representatives of the central allied government and the newly formed government in the provinces (Verkhovny Radi, presidents of the union republics). In 1989-1990, the republicans for the sake of praised the declarations about the sovereignty of sovereignty, the deacons of them - the declaration of independence. On February 17, 1991, in 9 out of 15 republics of the SRSR, an All-Union referendum was held on the savings of the SRSR, on which two-thirds of the inhabitants hung for the savings of the renewed union. But the central government failed to stabilize the situation. Behind the recent coup d'état of the State Committee for the State of Emergency, there was an official recognition of the independence of the Baltic republics. After the All-Ukrainian referendum on independence, the majority of the population voted for the independence of Ukraine, saving the SRSR as a statehood became virtually impossible, which was stated by Please about the creation of the Friendship of the Independent Powers, signed on December 8, 1991 by the heads of the three allied republics - Yeltsinim in the RRFSR (Russian Federation), Kravchuk in Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) and Shushkevich in the Republic of Belarus (BRSR). Officially, the SRSR pinned its grounds on December 26, 1991. Naprikintsі 1991 rock Russian Federation Bula was recognized by the power-provider of the Union of the RCP from the international legal authorities, and she occupied her place with the UN Radiation Security.
Geography of the SRSR
Mayuchi an area of 22,400,000 square kilometers, the Radian Union was the greatest power in the world. Vіn having occupied only a part of the land, and its expansion can be equal to the expansion of Pivnіchnoj America. The European part became a quarter of the territory, and became a cultural and economic center. Asian part (up to Pacific Ocean at the descent and to the cordon from Afghanistan on the pivdnі) bula was sparsely populated. The length of the Radyansk Union became over 10,000 km from the start (through 11 time zones), and may be 7200 km from night to day. There were five climatic zones on the territory of the krai.
Radyansky Soyuz mav found a cordon near the world (over 60,000 km). Also, the Radian Union between the USA, Afghanistan, China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Ukraine, Iran, Mongolia, Pivnichnaya Korea, Norway, Poland, Romania and Turkey (from 1945 to 1991).
Founded by the river of Radyansky Union buv Irtish. Greatest mountain: Peak of Komunism (7495 m, the lowest peak of Ismail Samani) near Tajikistan. So, in the borders of the SRSR, there was the largest lake in the world - the Caspian Sea, and the largest and largest freshwater lake in the world - Baikal.
History of the USSR
Education of the SRSR (1922-1923)
On December 29, 1922, at a conference of delegations from the Soviet Union, the Council of the RRFSR, the URSR, the BRSR and the ZSFSR signed the Agreement on the adoption of the SRSR. This document was approved on December 30, 1922 by the First All-Union Congress for the sake of signing by the heads of delegations. This date is considered the date of the establishment of the SRSR, although the Council of People's Commissars of the SRSR (Uryad) and the people's commissariat (ministry) were created no more than June 6, 1923.
Pre-war period (1923-1941)
In the autumn of 1923, fate, especially after the death of V.I. Lenin, a fierce political struggle for power has flared up near the Kerivnitsky land. The authoritarian methods of currying and vicoristing were established. U.Stalinim for the establishment of a regime of one-sided power.
From the mid-1920s, the formation of a new economic policy (NEP) began, and then a forced industrialization and collectivization, in 1932-1933 there was also a mass famine.
After the baked factional struggle, until the end of the 1930s, Stalin's followers regularly ordered the structures of the ruling party. In the country, a totalitarian, strictly centralized, hromada system was created.
In 1939, the Soviet-German treaties of 1939 (the so-called Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) were laid down, they added spheres to Europe, and as a result, a number of territories of Northern Europe were designated as the sphere of the SRSR. Appointed in favor of the territory (for the wine of Finland) in the autumn of the same fate and offensive fate, a change was announced. On the cob of Another light war in 1939, it became the arrival to the SRSR, at that time to the warehouse of the Polish Republic of Zakhidnoy
Ukraine and Western Belarus; This territorial change is differentiated in different ways: like “turn”, and like “annexia”. Already at the same time in 1939, the city of Vilno-Belarus RSR was transferred to Lithuania, and part of Poliss was transferred to Ukraine.
In 1940, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bessarabia were taken to the warehouse of the SRSR (annexed by Romania in 1918) . Bessarabia at the Romanian warehouse) that Pivnіchna Bukovina, the creation of Moldavska, Latviyska, Lithuanian (including 3 districts of the BRSR, which reached the warehouse of the Lithuanian RSR in 1940) and the Estonian RSR. The advent of the Baltic states to the SRSR is regarded by different dzherels as a voluntary admission and as an annexation.
In 1939, the Soviet Socialist Republic, having propagated Finland a pact about non-aggression, only Finland was inspired. The beginning of the SRSR after the presentation of the ultimatum of the Radian-Finnish war (30 leaf fall, 1939 - 12 February 1940) led a blow to the international authority of the country (SRSR, including the inclusion of the League of Nations). At the link, it's broken great expenses and unpreparedness of the Chervonoy Army, the war ended before the defeat of Finland; for її bags from Finland to the SRSR in the Karelian Isthmus, Priladozhzhya, Salla from Kuolajärvi and the western part of the Ribachy Pivostrov. On March 31, 1940, the Karelian-Finnish RSR was established (with its capital in Petrozavodsk) from the Karelian ARSR and the territory, which crossed into Finland (the Crimean Ribachy Pivostrov, which moved to the warehouse of the Murmansk region).
SRSR at Another World War (1941-1945)
On 22 March 1941, Nimechchina attacked the Radyansk Union, breaking the Agreement on non-aggression between Nimechchina and the Radyansk Union. The Radyansk troops were far away from the beginning of the invasion until the end of the autumn of 1941 and to go from the beginning of 1941 to the fate of the counteroffensive, the Battle for Moscow became the initial attack. However, in the period of summer-autumn 1942, the enemy managed to push his way to the Volga, burying most of the territory of the country. From the chest of 1942 and 1943, becoming a fundamental turning point in the war, the battles of Stalingrad and Kursk became virishal. In the period from 1944 to May 1945, the city of Radians'ka Viysk smashed the entire occupied Nimechchyna territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic, as well as the lands of Skhidnoy Europe, possibly completing the signing of the Act of the Bezzarezhnu capitulation of Niemchyna.
The war gave great shkoda to the entire population of the Radyansk Union, brought to death 26.6 million people, liquidated a great number of the population in the territories occupied by Nimechchina, ruined a part of industry - from one side; the creation of a significant military and industrial potential in other regions of the country, the restoration of church and religious life in the country, the rise of significant territories, the victory over fascism - from the other side.
In 1941-1945, a number of peoples were deported from the area of their traditional residence. In 1944-1947 the fates. to the warehouse of the SRSR went:
- Tuvinian People's Republic, which acquired the status of an autonomous region at the warehouse of the RRFSR;
- Pivnіchna chastina Skhіdnoї Prussії, scho at the warehouse RRFSR yak Kalіnіngradskaya oblast;
- Transcarpathia (Transcarpathian region of the URSR);
- Pechenga, which moved to the warehouse of the Murmansk region;
- Pivdenniy Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, which created the Pivdenno-Sakhalinsk region near the warehouse of the Khabarovsk Territory of the RRFSR.
At one time, the Bilostok region, parts of the Grodno and Brest regions of the BRSR, as well as parts of the Lviv and Drogobic regions of the URSR, moved to the warehouse of Poland.
Russian military period (1945-1953)
After the victory in the war, the demilitarization of the economy of the SRSR was carried out, and reinstatement in the areas that suffered during the occupation. Until 1950, the turn of the industry increased by 73% compared to pre-war. The strong state was restored at a faster pace, with great hardships, pardons and prorakhunks. Prote already in 1947, the situation with food was stabilized, cards were issued for foodstuffs and handicrafts, the Groshov reform was carried out, which allowed the stabilization of the financial camp.
Until the decision of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences of the SRSR, establishing control over the main occupation zones in Germany and Austria in 1945-1949. In a number of lands of Northern Europe, communist regimes were established, as a result of which a military-political bloc of the allied SRSR powers (socialist tabir, Warsaw Treaty) was created. Vіdrazu in Zakіnchennі Svіtovoї Vіinni Rounded by Perigods Global Politics, the Odeological Communion of the Socrous Socialist Frames, Z is one side, I have to enter the name, in 1947, recalling the name of Cold Vіini, Scho Suprejozhvala Racing Ozbroen.
"Khrushchov Vіdliga" (1953-1964)
At the 20th Star of the CPRS (1956), N. S. Khrushchov criticized the cult of specialness I. V. Stalin. The rehabilitation of the victims of repressions began, more respect was given to the advancement of the equal life of the people, the development of a rural state, living life, light industry.
The political situation in the middle of the country became soft. A lot of representatives of the intelligentsia took Khrushchev's addendum as a call to glasnost; vinik samvidav, who was only allowed to vikrivate the “cult of specialness”, criticism of the CPRS in the same way, as before, was defended.
The concentration of science and vibrational forces, material benefits on the other lines of science and technology made it possible to achieve significant achievements: the first nuclear power plant was created in the world (1954), the first piece satellite of the Earth was launched (1957), the first piloted spaceship was launched in.
In the old political period of the Soviet Socialist Republic, the political regimes in different lands were influenced by the interests of the country at a glance. In 1956, the troops of the Soviet Socialist Republic took the fate of the strangled rebels in the Ugorshchina. In 1962, the interdependence between the Soviet Socialist Republic and the USA did not lead to a nuclear war.
Have 1960 r. a diplomatic conflict arose with China, which split the world communist movement.
"Zastiy" (1964-1985)
In 1964, Khrushchov's brothers were adopted from power. Leonid Illich Brezhnev became the new first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the head of the state. The period of the 1970s-1980s was named in the dzherelakh of that hour the era of guilty socialism.
Under the hour of Brezhnev's rule, new places and settlements, backwaters and factories, palaces of culture and stadiums were built near the country; universities were created, new schools and likarnia were opened. SRSR is at the forefront of space exploration, development of aviation, nuclear energy, fundamental and applied sciences. Pevnі zdobutki poserіgalis in osvіtі, meditsіnі, sistії sotsial'nogo bezpechennya. All-world popularity and recognition gained the creativity of the native cultures. High results in the international arena were fought by the sportsmen from Radyansk. Have 1980 r. Moscow hosted XXII river Olympiad.
Together with the cym, there was a decisive turn at the bik gortannya surpluses of the league. With the advent of Brezhnev to power, the state security forces intensified the fight against dissent - the first sign of the first sign of the process of Sinyavsky Daniel. In 1968, the army of the SRSR reached Czechoslovakia with the method of strangling the tendencies of political reforms. As a sign of the residual liquidation of the “leading league”, A. Tvardovsky was sent to the editorial board of the magazine “ Novy Svit» on the cob 1970
1975 the fate of the resurrection on the "Storozhovy" - showing disobedience from the side of a group of Radyansk military sailors on the great anti-tich ship (BOD) of the Navy of the SRSR "Storozhovy". The captain of the 3rd rank, Valery Sablin, became the head of the rebel.
From the beginning of the 1970s, Jewish emigration came from the USSR. Many emigrated writers, actors, musicians, athletes, scientists.
In the gallery of the old politics, Brezhnev did a lot of work to achieve political detente in the 1970s. The American-Radyansk agreements on the exchange of strategic offensive defenses were laid down (it’s true, since 1967, the fate of the sooner installation of intercontinental missiles at the underground mine) has been laid down, however, they were not supported by adequate approaches to trust that control.
The leaders of the active liberalization, the dissident movement appeared, became known such names, like Andriy Sakharov and Oleksandr Solzhenitsyn. The ideas of dissidents did not know the support of the greater population of the SRSR. In 1965, the Soviet Socialist Republic gave military assistance to Pivnichny V'etnam in the fight against the United States and Pivdennim V'etnam, and until 1973 ended the formation of American military units and united V'etnam. In 1968, the army of the SRSR reached Czechoslovakia with the method of strangling the tendencies of political reforms. In 1979, a military contingent from the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Div. Afghan War (1979-1989)), which led to the completion of the detente, ended the Cold War. From 1989 to 1994, the Ryk Radyansk Viysk was found out from the ush controlled territories.
Perebudova (1985-1991)
In 1985, after the death of K.U. In 1985-1986 Gorbachev carried out the so-called policy of accelerating social economic development, which used to know about a few shortcomings of the basic system and attempts to improve their dekilkom great campaigns of an administrative nature (the so-called "Priskornnya") - an anti-alcohol campaign, "the fight against unearned income", the promotion of state government. After the Siberian Plenum of 1987, the fate of the country's Kerіvnitsev was marked by cardinal reforms. In fact, the new sovereign ideology was stunned by “perebudovu” - the continuum of economic and political reforms. During the transition (from the other half of 1989, after the first Z'izd of people's deputies in the SRSR), the political opposition of forces sharply flared up, which stand up for the socialist path of development, that party, ruhіv, which will show the future principle of the country's capital, the capital of the organization as well as supporting the future vision of the Radyansky Union, mutually allied and republican bodies of state power and administration. On the cob of the 1990s, perebudova went into a deaf kut. Vlada could no longer draw closer to the collapse of the SRSR.
Officially, the SRSR pinned its grounds on December 26, 1991. In this region, a low number of independent powers settled down (nine - 19, 15 of them are members of the UN, 2 - partly recognized by the countries-members of the UN, and 2 - not recognized by the countries-members of the UN). Through the collapse of the Soviet Socialist Republic, the territory of Russia (the border-offender of the Soviet Socialist Republic in some of the most important assets and liabilities, and in the United Nations) changed against the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic by 24% (from 22.4 to 17 million km²), and the population changed by 49% (from 290 to 148 million osib) (while the territory of Russia in equal parts with the territory of the RRFSR practically did not change). Only one fell apart Evil forces that ruble zone. A number of international conflicts flare up on the territory of the Soviet Socialist Republic, the worst among them is the Karabakh conflict; In 1989, the Verkhovna Rada of the Virmensk RSR declared about the accession of Nagirny Karabakh, the Azerbaijan RSR began a blockade. April 1991 between two Radianian republics, in fact, a war begins.
Political system and ideology
Article 2 of the Constitution of the SRSR of 1977 voted: “ All the power of the SRSR belongs to the people. The people are establishing state power through For the sake of people's deputies, to establish the political basis of the SRSR. Usі іnshі derzhavnі organi pіdkontrolnі and pіdzvіtnі Radam people's deputies.» Candidates from labor collectives, professional unions, youth organizations (VLKSM), self-made creative organizations and parties (CPRS) hung in the election.
Before the vote for socialism in the SRSR Constitution of 1936, the dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry was officially voted in the SRSR. Article 3 of the Constitution of 1936 stated: "All the power of the SRSR belongs to the workers of the place and village in the name of the Rada of Working People's Deputies."
Radianska political system recognized the principle of subdivision and independence of power, setting legislator power over the vikonavcha and the ship's. Dzherelom, the rights were formally less praised by the legislator, because the Supreme Council of the SRSR (V.S. SRSR), although the actual practice significantly diverged from the constitutional provisions. Everyday lawmaking in practice was established by the Presidium of the Supreme Council for the sake of the SRSR, which was formed from Golovya, 15 intercessors of Golovya, the secretary and 20 other members. The Verkhovna Rada of the SRSR, which ran for four years, robbed the Presidium of the VS SRSR, formed the Rada of Ministers of the SRSR, robbed the judges of the Supreme Court of the SRSR and appointed the Prosecutor General of the SRSR.
The collective head of the state in 1922-1937. buv All-Union z'їzd Glad, at the intervals between the z'їzdami - yoga Presidium. In 1937-1989 the fates. The Verkhovna Rada of the SRSR was respected as the collective head of the state, and the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the SRSR was in the interim sessions. In 1989-1990 years. odnosіbnym head of the state buv Head of the Verkhovnoy for the sake of the SRSR, in 1990-1991 pp. - President of the USSR.
In fact, the power of the SRSR was based on the core of the CPRS [VKP(b)], as it functioned properly up to its internal statute. On the basis of the early constitutions, the Constitution of 1977 for the first time showed the actual role of the CPRS in the government of the state: "The key and direct force of the radian society, the core of the yogo political system, the sovereign and hromada organizations and the communist party of the radia." (Article 6)
In the Soviet Socialist Republic, the legislator's own ideology was not voted by the sovereign chivalry; Prote, calling on the political monopoly of the Communist Party, such a de facto bula ideology of the CPRS - Marxism-Leninism, that the Soviet Socialist Republic called "socialist Marxist-Leninist ideology". The political system of the Soviet Socialist Republic was seen as a “socialist power”, that is, as “a political part of the super-budget over the economic basis of socialism, new type powers that come to replace the bourgeois powers in the wake of the socialist revolution. However, as the successors of the Radyansk Suspіlstva were naming, in the late Soviet Socialist Republic Marxism was truly transformed into a nationalistic and etatic ideology, just like classical Marxism, having voted for socialism in the world power.
The only institutions, which were legally deprived (although they were often persecuted) by organizations carrying out a fundamentally different, guardian of Marxism-Leninism, ideology, were registered religious associations (religious supporters of that group) ( report div. section "Religion in the SRSR" below).
Legal system
The Marxist-Leninist ideology in the SRSR looked at the state and the right as a political part of the supremacy over the economic basis of socialism and spoke out on the class character of law, as it seemed like “the will of the noble class was enshrined in law”. The last modification of such an interpretation of the law read: "Law - the sovereign will is brought to the law."
“socialistic law” (“great historical type of law”), which originated in the pizny (foreign national) SRSR, was respected by the will of the people brought to the law: it “is established first in history and really guarantees just democratic freedom”
Radyans'ka sotsіalіstichne right rozglyadalosya deyakimi doslіdnikami on zahodі yak rіznovid rimskogo, ale radyanskі pravoznavtsі napolyagali on Yogo samostіynomu statusі scho Bulo viznano svіtovoyu spіlnotoyu on praktitsі pіslya Druha svіtovoї vіyni obrannyam suddіv scho predstavlyayut Yogo, until Mіzhnarodnogo UN Court - vіdpovіdno to stattі 9 Statute of the Court , which conveys the representation of the main forms of civilization and legal systems
The foundations of the ship system of the SRSR were laid before the beginning of the foundation - in the URSR - the order of decrees, the first of which was the Decree of the RNC "Pro Court" on 22 leaf fall, 1917 ( div. Decree statute on court). The main line of the ship system was the “people's court” of the place in the district (court of global jurisdiction), which was robbed by the masses. The Constitution of 1977 laid down the main principles of the organization of the ship system of the SRSR in Chapter 20. Most judges were robbed by the Supreme Rada. Judges and people's judges entered the warehouse of people's courts, as they took part in examining civil and criminal justice (Article 154 of the Constitution of 1977).
Funktsіya vischogo lucid "for exactly the odnomanіtnim vikonannyam zakonіv usіma mіnіsterstvami, Reigning komіtetami that vіdomstvami, pіdpriєmstvami, to establish that organіzatsіyami, vikonavchimi that rozporyadchimi authorities mіstsevih Glad folk deputatіv, kolgospami, cooperative that іnshimi Gromadska organіzatsіyami, Posadov specific and takozh gromadyanami" Prosecutor General's Office (Chapter 21-a). The Constitution (Article 168-a) declared the independence of the prosecutor's office from any government bodies, even if it was necessary to know that the prosecutors were under the direct operational control of the NKVS bodies.
Ker_vniki SRSR and їkh contribution to the development of the SRSR
Legally, the head of the state was respected: since 1922 - the Head of the Presidium of the Central Exhibition Committee of the SRSR, since 1938 - the Head of the Presidium of the Supreme Council for the sake of the SRSR, since 1989 - the Head of the Supreme Council for the sake of the SRSR, since 1990 - the President of the SRSR. The head of the order was the Head for the Radiation of the People's Commissars, since 1946 - the Head for the Radiation of the Ministers of the SRSR, which sounded as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Head of state |
Head of government |
Golovi VTsVK:
Head of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Radi (Presidium of the Central Vikonavchogo Committee) of the SRSR:
President of the SRSR:
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Prime Minister of the SRSR:
Head of KONG SRSR, MEK SRSR:
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The actual same ker_vniki SRSR in the entire history of yogo іsnuvannya bіsіm (including Georgy Malenkov): 4 heads for the sake of the People's Commissars / for the sake of the Ministers (Lenin, Stalin, Malenkov, Khrushchev) and 4 heads of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada (Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko). Gorbachev was also the only president of the SRSR.
Starting from N. S. Khrushchov, the actual head of the state was the General (First) Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (VKP (b)), which also sounds like the head of the Presidium of the Supreme Council for the sake of the SRSR.
For Lenin, an agreement on the consecration of the SRSR laid the foundations of a sovereign structure, enshrined in the first Constitution of the SRSR. The founder of the SRSR was cherubed by the Radyansk Union three times more than fate - from the baby of 1922 to the middle of 1924, during a period of sharp deterioration in health.
In the era of rule I. In the 1930s, Stalin's repressions became the result of the internal fractional struggle of the CPSU (b) in the 1930s, Stalin's repressions became the result of Stalin's Stalinist and industrialization, the Stakhanovite revolution began (their peak fell on 1937-1938). In 1936, a new Constitution of the SRSR was adopted, as the number of allied republics increased. It was won over at the Great Vitchiznyanii war, new territories were added, a system of socialism was formed. Після полільной ригрус by allies of Japaway, solarily R_ZKOK SERVENNY VІDNOSIN MІZH SRSRA TAY OF THE ALENYS KOALIKIA - COLINE VIYNA, FULLY COAL CHANGE SPAYY TO TRANSFER TO RUSSION IS FULLONSKODSKOE PROVISION CUTTING PRAME'єR-MINISTRA GREAT BRIPTY BREAKA 1946 ROCK. At the same time, an agreement on eternal friendship was signed from Finland. 1949 the fate of the SRSR became a nuclear power. Having recognized the water bomb of wines as the first in the world.
For G. M. Malenkov, who, after the death of Stalin, occupied the Head of the Head for the sake of the Ministers of the SRSR, an amnesty was carried out for those responsible for other injuries, closed political repressions. In the sphere of the agricultural state: increase in purchasing prices, change in tax revenue. Under the special curation of Malenkov in the SRSR, the first trade of the AES was launched in the world. At the gallus of the economy, having propagated a voice for an important promise and go to the commodities of the people's welfare, prote after yogo introduction of the idea came out.
N. S. Khrushchov sued the cult of the person of Stalin and proved the deak of democratization, who took away the name of the Khrushchev's league. Bulo vysunutu went out "to overtake and overtake", as if called in the shortest terms to outperform the capitalist lands (USA) beyond the level of economic development. The development of the qilin was continued. The SRSR launched the first piece of satellite and viviv people into space, the first to launch space vehicles near the moon, Venus and Mars, prompting a nuclear power plant and a peaceful ship with a nuclear reactor - the krigols "Lenin". At the hour of Khrushchov's reign, the peak of the cold winter fell - the Caribbean crisis. In 1961, the public was voiced about encouraging communism until 1980. Khrushchov's policy (sowing corn, undermining regional committees, fighting against subsistence states) gave negative results to the agricultural state. In 1964, Khrushchov was appointed to his tenure and retired.
Hour of kerivnitstva L. I. Brezhnev in the Soviet Socialist Republic was on the whole peaceful and culminated, behind the crown of radian theoreticians, pobudovoi despised socialism, the establishment of a global power and the formation of a new historical spirituality - the radian people. The provisions were enshrined in the Constitution of the USSR in 1977. 1979 the fate of the Radianian troops reached Afghanistan. 1980 was the year of the Moscow Olympiad. Another half of L.I. Brezhnev is called a period of stagnation.
Yu.V. K. U. Chernenko, who had changed yoga, was very ill, and the work of the country under the new one, in fact, was raised in the hands of yoga sharpened, as if it jumped to turn to the "Brezhnev" order. The significant drop in light oil prices in 1986 called for the decline in the economic situation of the SRSR. The head of the CPRS (Gorbachov, Yakovlev and others.) took a decision to reform the radian system, which changed the history of the “Perebudova”. 1989 the fate of the Radian military was brought to Afghanistan. The reforms of M. S. Gorbachov were trying to change the political system of the SRSR within the framework of the economic theory of Marxism. Gorbachev despoiled the rot of censorship (the politics of glasnost), allowing alternative choices, running through the Verkhovna Rada on a regular basis, building the first few steps to a market economy. 1990 became the first president of the Radyansky Union. 1991 roku pishov v_dstavka.
Economy of the USSR
On the cob of the 30s, the greater economy, all industry and 99.9% silsk state it was sovereign and cooperative, which gave the opportunity to rationally conquer resources, to conduct their fair distribution and significantly improve the minds and labors of the people of Doradyansk. The development of the economy led to the transition of the fivefold form of economic planning. The industrialization of the SRSR was carried out for a long time. Bulo zbudovano Turksib, Novokuznetsk metallurgical plant, new machine-building enterprises in the Urals.
On the cob of warfare, a significant part of the boulevard was built near Siberia, Central Asia, which made it possible to effectively switch to the mobilization regime of the military hour. Great Pistil Vytchiznyanoi war the renaissance of the Soviet Socialist Republic began, new galleys appeared: rocket industry, electrical engineering, new power plants appeared. Significant obsyag ekonomіki SRSR became voennі virobnitstva.
Promislovity was more important than promislovity. In 1986, 75.3% fell to group "A" (production of industrial products) and 24.7% to group "B" (production of industrial products). At an accelerated pace, galleys developed, which ensured scientific and technical progress. During 1940-1986, the production of electric power increased by 41 times, machine-building and metalworking - by 105 times, chemical and naphthochemical industry - by 79 times.
Close to 64% of the foreign trade turnover fell on the socialist lands, while 60% of the krai were members of the REV; over 22% - in the capitalist regions (Nimechchina, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, etc.); over 14% - on the edge, which are developing.
The warehouse of the economic regions of the SRSR is changed accordingly until the date of the improved management and planning popular government with the method of accelerating the pace and improving the efficiency of the community vigilance. Plans of the 1st p'yatirochka (1929-1932) were laid out in 24 districts, 2nd p'yatirchka (1933-1937) - in 32 districts and the Pivnochi zone, 3rd (1938-1942) - in 9 districts and 10 union republics, Vodnochas oblasts and krai were grouped at 13 main economic districts, for which the development of the people's statehood was carried out in the territorial division. In 1963, the taxonomic grid was approved, updated in 1966, which includes 19 great economic regions of the Moldavian RSR.
Zbroyni Forces SRSR
Until the fierce 1946 p. ZS SRSR became the Chervona Army (RKKA) and the Robocho-Selyansky Chervoniy Fleet. Until May 1945 the number became 11,300,000 people. On the 25th of February 1946 on the cob 1992 ZS SRSR was called the Radyansk army. Radianska army included the Strategic Missile Forces, SV, Vіysk PPO, VPS and other moldings, Crimea of the Navy, Prison military units of the KDB SRSR, Internal military units of the MVS SRSR. By stretching the history of the AP SRSR, the settlement of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief was introduced two. For the first time, Josip Stalin was recognized on it, and suddenly - Mikhail Gorbachov. ZS SRSR was formed from five types: Missile military strategic recognition (1960), Land wax (1946), Military antitype defense (1948), Military naval fleet and Military defense forces (1946), and also included the military defense of the SRSR, the headquarters of the Military Civilian Defense (DO) of the SRSR, the internal military of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVS) of the SRSR, the cordon military of the Committee of State Security (KDB) of the SRSR.
Wishha Holder Kerіvnitztvno in Galuzі Forming Country Foundation on the basis of the law__yisnuyuva Vizhi SERVIRANCE VASHNEY TU GAFTERNYY SRSR, KERE POLITYKOE OF THE MOUNTABLE PARTY OF RADYANSKOY UNION (CPRS), hidden the robot of the vast manual apparatus by such a rank, the head with the Vishenni interests of the Ministry of Defense of the SRSR (Rada of the Robotic-Peasant Defense of the RRFSR), the Verkhovna Rada of the SRSR (Art. SRSR (Rada of People's Commissars of the RRFSR) (Art. 131, Constitution of the SRSR).
The Rada of Defense of the SRSR coordinated the activity of the organs of the Radyansk state in the gallery of the defense, establishing the main directions for the development of the AP of the SRSR. Ocholyuvav Rada of Defense of the SRSR General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Head of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the SRSR.
Crime Vikonavcha system and special services
1917—1954
In 1917, a union with the threat of an anti-billshovitsky strike was approved by the All-Russian supervising commission(VChK), F.E. Dzerzhinsky ocholi yaku. On February 6, 1922, the All-Russian Central Exhibition Commission of the RRFSR adopted a decree on the approval of the All-Russian Cheka and the establishment of the Sovereign Political Administration (GPU) under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVS) of the RRFSR. The Viysk VChK was transformed into the Viysk GPU. In this rank, the administration of the militia and state security was in front of one department. After the adoption of the SRSR, the Presidium of the Central Exhibition Commission of the SRSR on the 15th leaf fall of 1923 praised the decree on the establishment of the United State Political Administration (OGPU) under the RN SRSR and affirmed the "Regulations on the OGPU SRSR of this organization." Before the GPU of the allied republics (there, de stinks were created) they founded as independent structures for the presence of a single allied vikonavchoi power. The people's commissariats of internal affairs of the allied republics functioned as functions of security.
On January 9, 1924, the Presidium of the Central Exhibition Commission of the Union of the RSR adopted a decree on the expansion of the rights of the OGPU with the method of combating banditry, which was the order in the operational relations of the OGPU of the SRSR and yoga support on the missions of the militia and carnage. On April 10, 1934, the Central Exhibition Commission of the USSR adopted a decree “On the establishment of the all-Union People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR”, which was replaced by the OGPU of the USSR, renamed to Head Office of the State Security (GUDB). The organs of the NKVS SRSR launched the Great Terror, hundreds of thousands of people became victims of it. From 1934 to 1936 NKVS keruvav G. G. Yagoda. From 1936 to 1938 NKVS ocholyuvav N. I. Yezhov, from leaf fall 1938 to chest 1945 NKVS certifier buv L. P. Beria.
On February 3, 1941, the NKVS SRSR was divided into two independent bodies: the NKVS SRSR and the People's Commissariat of State Security (NKDB) of the SRSR. At the end of 1941, the NKDB SRSR and the NKVS SRSR were reunited into a single people's commissariat - the NKVS SRSR. People's Commissar of State Security Buv V. N. Merkulov. In April 1943, the NKVS was again seen by the NKDB SRSR. Shvidshe for everything was created on April 19, 1943 GUKR "SMERSH" On February 15, 1946, the NKDB SRSR was renamed the Ministry of State Security (MDB) of the SRSR. In 1947, the Committee of Information (KI) was created under the Radiation Ministers of the SRSR, and in fierce 1949, changes were made to the KI under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the SRSR. Then the investigation was turned back to the system of state security organizations - in the spring of 1952, the First Head Office (PGU) of the MDB SRSR was organized. On March 7, 1953, a decision was made about the merger of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVS) of the SRSR and the MDB SRSR at the united MVS of the SRSR.
Kerivniki VChK-GPU-OGPU-NKVS-NKDB-MDB
- F. E. Dzerzhinsky
- V. R. Menzhinsky
- G. G. Yagoda
- N. I. Yezhov
- L. P. Beria
- V. N. Merkulov
- V. S. Abakumov
- S. D. Ignatiev
- S. N. Kruglov
1954—1992
On March 13, 1954, the State Security Committee (KDB) was created under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (from March 5, 1978 - KDB SRSR). Before the KDB system, there were organs of state security, cordon troops and troops of the rank-and-file link, organs of military counterintelligence, initial mortgage that scientifically-prestigious install. Have 1978 r. Yu. V. Andropov, being the Head, was promoted to the status of state security bodies and the execution of direct order for the sake of the Ministers of the SRSR. On March 20, 1991, having taken away the status of the central body of the sovereign government of the SRSR, he was a very special minister of the SRSR. Scanned on 3rd day of 1991.
Territorial subdivision of the SRSR
The total area of the territory of the Radyansky Union became 22.4 million km² in serpen 1991.
Sponchatka, zgіdno z the Agreement on the illumination of the SRSR (30 December 1922), to the warehouse of the SRSR were added:
- Russian Socialistic Federative Radianska Republic,
- Ukrainian Socialistic Radianska Republic,
- Belarusian Socialist Radianskaya Respublika(until 1922 - Socialistic Radyansk Republic of Belarus, RSRB),
- Transcaucasian Socialistic Federative Radianska Republic.
On January 13, 1925, the Uzbek RSR passed to the Soviet Socialist Republic;
On December 5, 1929, before the Soviet Socialist Republic, the Tajik RSR was seen; on August 16, 1929, the Uzbek RSR was seen.
On December 5, 1936, the Azerbaijani, Virmen and Georgian RSRs left the warehouse of the Transcaucasian SFSR before the Soviet Socialist Republic. One hour before the warehouse of the SRSR, the Kazakh and Kirgiz RSR went to the warehouse, which went to the warehouse of the RRFSR.
In 1940, the Karelian-Finnish, Moldavian, Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian RSRs moved to the Soviet Socialist Republic.
In 1956, the Karelian-Finnish bula was converted to the Karelian ARSR at the warehouse of the RRFSR.
On the 6th of spring 1991, the Derzhavna Rada of the SRSR recognized the departure from the warehouse of the SRSR of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
On December 25, 1991, the President of the SRSR MS Gorbachev submitted his resignation. The sovereign structures of the SRSR were self-liquidating.
Administrative-territorial division of the SRSR |
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Territory, yew. km. |
population, ths. (1966) |
population, ths. (1989) |
Number of places |
Number of smt |
Administrative center |
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Uzbek RSR |
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Kazakh RSR |
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Georgian RSR |
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Azerbaijani RSR |
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Lithuanian RSR |
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Moldavian RSR |
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Latvian RSR |
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Kirghiz RSR |
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Tajik RSR |
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Virmenska RSR |
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Turkmen RSR |
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Estonian RSR |
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The great republics, with their own land, were divided into regions, ARSR and AT. Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian RSR (until 1952 and after 1953); The Turkmen RSR (from 1963 to 1970) the Moldavian and Virmensk RSRs were divided only into districts.
Before the warehouse of the RRFSR, the territories also included, and before the warehouse of the region - autonomous regions (there were blames, for example, Tuvinsk AT until 1961). Before the stock of regions and territories of the RRFSR, the national districts were also included (the year of the name autonomous regions). So they founded the places of the republican subordination, the status of which was not mentioned in the constitutions (until 1977): in fact, they were stinks of the same subjects, the shards of them caused a small change.
Before the stock of some allied republics (RRFSR, Ukrainian RSR, Georgian RSR, Azerbaijan RSR, Uzbek RSR, Tadzhitsk RSR), Autonomous Radian Socialist Republics (ASSR) and autonomous regions were included.
Usі vishchezgadanі administrative-territorial unity divided into districts and cities of the regional, regional and republican order.
Why does the Batkivshchyna start?
From the pictures in your primer,
From good and good comrades,
Live at the court yard.
Or maybe she's starting
Z tієї pіsnі, scho mother slept to us,
From what have you ever tried
We have no one to choose.
Why does the Batkivshchyna start?
Іz zapovitnoi lava bіlya vorіt,
From those same birches that are in the field,
Under the wind, shaking, growing.
Or maybe she's starting
From spring zap_vka shpak
І z tsієї road way,
Which is not visible.
Why does the Batkivshchyna start?
Z vikon, what to burn in the distance,
From the old batkivska budenivka,
We knew here at the chiefs.
Or maybe she's starting
To the sound of wagon wheels
І s oaths, yaku in youth
You brought it to your heart.
Why does the Batkivshchyna start...
The Radyansk Union is not an empty sound, but the whole era of generations, as these days were formed in a single generation - the generation of the SRSR or "sovkiv", as we call it differently. The era, like a word from a song, you don’t forget, because it’s part of our history. It is not only impossible to rewrite history with the method of creation, but rather figuratively. For the very sake of the Radiant Doby, our country became the first socialist superpower in history, even though it respected Churchill: "Stalin, having adopted Russia with a plow, and having redeemed it, with a nuclear club," - and the assessment is entirely fair. But let's not at the same time recount the merits of the Petrovsky monarchy, which has begun to germinate this glorious path. Azov, Poltava, Gangut, Grengam, Nishtadt - these are insanely the first serious victories of Russia, which turned it into a monarchical superpower, which was also crushed in the future. It is important to reevaluate the significance of the Nystadt svіtu in Pvnіchnіy and Peremoga in the Great Vіtchiznіy and Other svіtovіy vіynі zagalom. Paraphrasing Churchill, I don't have to add: "Peter the First took Russia with horses, and having redeemed - with sea wolves." Although Britain became the trendsetter of naval fashion, and the United States of nuclear fashion, Russia invariably broke the monopoly of the skin of these enemies. The famous aphorism of the greatest Russian monarch Oleksandr III, which has become a part of our history: "Russia has only 2 allies: the army and the navy; it is up to us to speak out against it." Today, it’s important not to wait too long, as if to add the 3rd to the nuclear garmat! Also, what else will be, as if among our vidіv zbroї z'yavlyayutsya and new її see, yakі also become our permanent and eternal allies.
Rethink the Advent of the SRSR
Before the legacy of the mass war, which were torn apart, the problem of creating a single administrative-territorial system became a young power. At that hour, 92% of the area of the edge fell to a part of the RRFSR; 8%, which they lost, divided the republics among themselves. Glad: Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasian Federation, which in 1922 united Azerbaijan, Georgia and Virmeniya. So, on the edge of the boulevard, a Faraway Republic was created, the administration of which was like that of Chita. Middle Asia at that time was formed from two national republics - Khorezm and Bukhara.
It can be seen that the enlightenment of the SRSR went through some stages.
Strengthening the historical trinity of Moscow, Kiev and Minsk
With the method of strengthening the centralization of management and the concentration of resources on the fronts of the Great War, the RRFSR, Belarus and Ukraine at the Chernivtsi in 1919, the union united. Tse gave the opportunity to unite the military forces, from the centralized command (Revviyskkrada of the RSFRR and the Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army). Representatives from the skin republic were delegated to the warehouse of the sovereign authorities. The favor also transferred the re-ordering of some republican galluses of industry, transport and finance to the RRFSR people's commissariats. The whole state of the new establishment has made history under the name "contractual federation". It was especially those that the governing bodies took away the ability to function as the only representatives of the supreme power. In the communist party of the republics, only the regional party organizations have reached the warehouse of the RCP (b).
Transcaucasia Federative RSR as a power-catalyst of the union
Radianskaya vlada zmіtsnyuvalas. On this basis, mutual political and economic ties were expanded between the independent Radianian republics. Already 1920. the communist party put the power of the federal union of s-pomіzh them. In abstracts from national and colonial nutrition, written for the II Congress of the Comintern, V. I. Lenin vysuvav zavdannya "Prague more and more tight federative union." At the same time, the RRFSR and Ukrainian RSR parties laid down an allied agreement, which transferred the union of the two republics to different countries of their duties. In 1920-1921 rr. Bulo laid agreements between the RRFSR and the Byelorussian RSR, between the RRFSR and the Radian Republics of Transcaucasia.
The process of unification of the socialist republics took place among the hosts of the struggle against great-power chauvinism and mischievous bourgeois nationalism. The Communist Party, which stood guard over the fraternal unity of the peoples, stood guard over the struggle. The establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat provided all the nations and the peoples of the large Russian empire with a free national development and gave them a new sovereignty. The people, depending on their will, depending on the specific historical situation, could unite with the proletarian rich-national state, or not unite. V.I. Lenin pointed out that the food about the right of the nation to self-determination is not possible right up to the end of the sentence. The rest of the nutrition of the Communist Party can be seen in the skin-smooth look of the interests of the proletariat and all the working masses of the national Radianian republics. They overcame the common trends, the stinks of the stench proved to be the fundamental interests of all the peoples of the Radianian republics. For whom the historical legitimacy of the dictatorship of the proletariat was revealed - rule, which unites the people, and which does not separate them. The Radyansk nationalities favored uniting into a single rich-national state to those who were closely tied together in economic, political and cultural resources, and also to those who, without such an association, would have been able to resist the onslaught of the world.
The association of the republics does little to improve the overall goodwill. "The federation can be wise, and the results are effective," the resolution of the Xth Party of the Communist Party said, "there's no need to be in that situation, as it spires to the mutual goodwill and goodwill of the country, before it enters."
The creation of a single allied radyansk socialist state was dictated by objective reasons. It was necessary for us to unite the economic and financial resources of the Ryansk republics, to coordinate their plans for socialist life. With this great role was played by such factors, as a contribution to labor, which was historically successful, and the unity of the main ways of success.
Svіtova and hromadyanska wars were devastatingly marked in the camp of the people's state of the country. In the skin region, the most affected were the very same galusi, which became the subject of its specialization: garnichodo-booting and lace crafting in Ukraine, lyonarstvo in the Pivnichno-Zakhidniy region, bavonovistry in Central Asia, too. Viniknennya different fronts and disorganization of transport. Reinvention of the people's statehood and economic links between the Radyansk republics, which began after the hromadyanskoy war, was based on the historically formed bottom of the practice. At that very hour, the principles of the national policy of Radyansk vlady transferred the creation of new industrial centers, the development with brown copalins of those other natural wealth there, which had not been bred before. Changes that were brought in by the many rozpodіl pratsі, maly not weakened, but further strengthened the economic ties between the Radian republics.
The establishment of the allied radian power was dictated by the tasks of the planned socialist state. Private power and capital bring people together, collective power and work bring them closer. As early as 1920-1921, when the GOELRO plan was broken up, all the Radianian republics showed a chance to take their fate from this country. The skin was zatsіkavlena in the socialist reconstruction of its economy with the improvement of electricity. The construction of low power plants was designed at the request of the republics: Dniprovsk, Shterivsk, Lysychansk, Grishinsk - at the request of the Ukrainian RSR, Osipivsk - Belarusian RSR, Tashkent - Turkestan ARSR, Zemo-Avchalsk - Georgian RSR. Commenting on the electrification map, the head of the State Plan, G.M. To create a socialist reconstruction of the people's statehood, to bring about productive achievements and goodwill of all peoples, it was possible to unite the achievements of all the radian nations at the borders of the allied bahatonation radian power.
Contracts, regulations in 1920-1921. between the Radianian republics, they avenged the points about the government's spivrobitnitstvo, but they did not show their minds and did not pass on the creation of the union planning those government bodies. This called for great difficulties in terms of the GOELRO plan, and especially the plan for the economic regionalization of the Radyansk state.
The project of an economic district was approved by the State Plan of the RRFSR in 1921-1922. with the uninterrupted fate of the great Radian scientists (G. M. Krzhizhanovsky, I. G. Aleksandrov, S. G. Strumilin and others). Safely as much as possible smart mind the development of the productive forces of the national republics and regions, whose project was transferred not in the home, but in the territorial administration of the people's state. During this period, there were wide opportunities for creative initiatives, on the other hand, the role of planned economic development was emphasized.
The economic district transferred the illumination on the missions of the economic awards and the strengthening of the role of holding plans and radiological hospitals. Whom could not be reached without the creation of single planning and government agencies. To that at 1922 p. At the State Plan, a proposal was made about the establishment of a planning center for all the Radianian republics, and a thought was raised about the far away zmіtsnennya Radianskaya federation with a constitutional and negotiated path.
In all the republics, the need for a tighter union of government activity was keenly observed. At the sickle 1922 The Ukrainian Economic Rada praised "economical regionalization is carried out in contact with the State Plan of the RRFSR". Resolution II of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan stated: “We are faced with the task of establishing a link between the state bodies of Azerbaijan and the Supreme Council of the People's Government of the RRFSR.” The Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party in its name for 1922. writing that the dosvіd gospodarsky life of the radian republics for the last few years “showing the need for the sovereign association of the gospodar zusil of the republics and the planned distribution of the resources available to these republics”.
The unification of the Radianian republics was also dictated by the international camp and the leaders of the improvement of defense.
The Radyansk order in its modern politics looked like the possibility of a peaceful amalgamation of the Radianian republics from the capitalist lands. The victory over the interventionists and the White Guards gave the Radian people a peaceful break. Proteo-aggressive stakes of the imperialist powers were still trying to restore the bourgeois way in Russia, either by the strength of the enemy, or by the help of an additional drive, economic and political pressure. The stench also encouraged to bring in the fortunes of the middle of the Radian peoples, to set one of the Radian republics against others. In these folded minds, the Radianian Republics are guilty of cultivating the sovereignty of unity in the international arena. In the fierce of 1922, the supreme republics were entrusted with the delegations of the RRFSR to represent their interests at the Genoese conference. At the fall of the leaves, a united Russian-Ukrainian-Georgian delegation was formed to participate in the Lausanne Conference. Posilyuvavsya contact between the people's commissariats of the Ryansk republics, created a single diplomatic mission beyond the cordon. The same association of activities was carried out by the organs of international trade.
The Ukrainian republics of Radians stood up for the most anger of the enemy forces of that Viysk kerivnitstva. The party and radyansk organs of the Ukrainian RSR have once again voted for the impudent necessity of this. Analogous praises were adopted by the Central Committees of the Communist parties in Georgia and Armenia.
In this rank, in 1922 p. ripened all the changes of mind of the creation of the Radianian Bagatonic State.
Blame that growing confrontation.
Prote, blamed the differences between the republics and the center of government in Moscow. Adje delegating their main innovations, the republics have lost the ability to independently make decisions. Whom officially declared the independence of the republics in the sphere of government.
The insignificance of the newly appointed center of that republic served as a vindication of conflicts and swindles. Some state organs of power looked stupidly, trying to bring to a single banner of the nationality, they knew nothing about the traditions and culture of them. So, for example, the necessity of teaching the Koran in the schools of Turkestan gave birth in 1922 to the fate of the great opposition between the All-Russian Central Exhibition Center and the People's Commissariat on the right of the nationalities, who until the death of Lenin was stunned by Stalin.
The creation of the commission on mutual relations of the RRFSR and independent republics.
The decisions of the central authorities in the sphere of the economy did not know the reliable understanding of the republican government and often led to sabotage. On the perfect day of 1922, in order to radically change the situation, the Politburo and the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) reviewed the document “On the relationship of the RSFSR and independent republics”, having created a commission, the republican representatives went to the warehouse. V. V. Kuybisheva was recognized as the head of the commission.
The commission entrusted I. U. Stalin developed the project of “autonomization” of the republics. At the given decision, it was suggested to include the RRFSR, with the rights of republican autonomy, Ukraine, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Virmenia, to the warehouse. The project was sent to the republican Central Committee of the party for review. However, the whole thing was cut down to the point where it was necessary to take a formal confirmation of the decision. Salary Significant Exchange of the Rights of the Republics, Transferred to These Decisions, I. V. Stalin, having stepped on the uncompromising practice of publishing the decision of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), it will be accepted. Ale vimagav goitre the republican Central Committee of the parties about obov'yazkovo їх at life.
Creation of V.I. Lenin's concept of power on the basis of the Federation.
Ignoring the independence and self-regulation of the subjects of the state, with the one-hour strengthening of the role of the central bodies of power, Lenin was taken over by Lenin as a violation of the principle of proletarian internationalism. In the spring of 1922, the fate of the wines propagated the idea of state-creation on the principles of federation. On the back it was called such a name - the Union of Radyansk Republics of Europe and Asia, later it was changed to the SRSR. Entry into the union is little recognized by the choice of a skin sovereign republic, founded on the principles of equality and independence, for the supreme bodies of the power of the federation. V.I. Lenin, having taken into account the fact that it is necessary to become a rich-national power, relying on the principles of good-naturedness, parity, openness, charitableness and mutual assistance.
"Georgian conflict". Strengthening separatism.
At the same time, in some republics, the roll is blamed on the independence of autonomies, the separatist moods are being strengthened. For example, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia moved to stay at the warehouse of the Transcaucasian Federation, instead of accepting the republic into the union as an independent entity. The controversy between the representatives of the Central Committee of the Party of Georgia and the head of the Transcaucasian Regional Committee G.K. The result of the policy of zhorstkoy centralization from the side of the central authorities was the voluntary transfer of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia to the general warehouse.
To investigate this conflict in Moscow, a commission was created, the head of which was recognized as F. E. Dzerzhinsky. The committee stood up to G. K. Ordzhonikidze and gave harsh criticism of the Central Committee of Georgia. Tsey fact oburiv V.I. Lenin. Vіn repeatedly tried to sue the culprits in order to incapacitate the fencing of the independence of the republics. Prote progressing ailments and strife in the Central Committee of the party of the country did not allow him to bring right to the end. 
The official date of establishment of the SRSR is December 30, 1922. On the first day on the first star of the Rada, a Declaration was signed on the creation of the SRSR and the Union Treaty. The RRFSR, the Ukrainian and Byelorussian socialist republics, as well as the Transcaucasian Federation were taken to the warehouse of the Union. The Declaration formulated the reasons and principles for the unification of the republics. The agreement separated the functions of the republican and central government bodies. Sovereign bodies The Union was trusted with the current policy and trade, ways of success, connections, as well as nutrition organization and control of finance and defense.
Reshta lay within the sphere of administration of the republics.
The supreme body of the state voted the All-Union Congress of the Rada. In the period between the stars, the main role was played by the Central Exhibition Committee of the SRSR, organized on the basis of the principle of duality - the Union Rada and the Rada of Nationalities. M.I. Kalinin was robbed with the head of the Central Exhibition Hall, with spіvgolov - G.I. Petrovsky, N. N. Narimanov, A. G. Chervyakov. Order of Spilka (Radnarkom of the SRSR) ocholiv V.I. Lenin.
The machine of reprisals to the GULAG, roll the Cheka and the psi NKVS
The enlightenment of the SRSR was no less than the start of the initiatives of the Communist Party. With the help of riches, the centuries were formed to change their minds about the unification of the peoples in a single state. The harmony of the association may be more historically, economically, politically and culturally rooted. The Russian Empire united 185 nationalities and nationalities. All the stench passed along the historical path. Within an hour, a system of economic and government links was formed. The stinks stole their freedom, absorbed the best of cultural recession one one. And, obviously, they didn’t take fortune-telling one to one.
Varto vrahuvati, that at that hour the entire territory of the country was sharpened by fortune-telling powers. Tsezh not less than the world vplinulo on the unification of peoples. Merging into one rich-national state did not supersede the interests of the peoples who inhabited the territory of the country. Consolidation to the Union allowed the young power to take one of the leading positions in the geopolitical expanse of the world. Proteo vіddanіst vіddanіst vyshchogo kerіvnіtstvа pії і to nadіlї ї tsentralіlіzії zupinіla zupinіla ponovanіzhenі ponovazhenі sub'єkіv kraїni. The rest of the country was transferred to the rails of the highest centralism I. V. Stalin at the sunset of the 30s.
Stalin, having adopted the SRSR, only through the river with a small aftermath of his adoption: it happened on September 28, 1924. Its years of vin checks for a total of 395 days. At the rivers of the establishment of the SRSR in Europe, the first changes were made: Italy, humiliated, it was adorned with pidbags and Englishmen in the First World War, became the first fascist power in the world. The change in Italy was unique: the country was small with 2 forms of government in the period from 1922 to 1945, being a monarchical empire and a fascist dictatorship in one person, then Japan became less of a monarchical emperor, deigned. In Nazi Germany, the monarchy was shackled, Prote Hitler added about life and safety of the fallen in the leaf fall 1919 p. Kaiser Wilhelm. In Spain, after the fall of the Asanya regime and the arrival of Franco's rule, the monarchy was no longer folded like that, but it could turn like a form of government only after the death of the caudillo, which was the 20th leaf fall, 1975, if Franco died. Zagalom, 20th leaf fall in Spain is a special day and even more popular among the Spanish right-wing forces. Todi, in 1936, the founder of the Phalanx, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, was shot, and after 39 years, Frank himself was gone. Tsіkavo, that King Juan Carlos I, having left the throne to his son after 39 years, changed to a new one, and the war in Spain ended on April 1, 1939 (try it!). If you don’t know what the number 39 means, I’ll explain simply and understand: it’s “trichi 13”. 
The reign of Stalin was ambiguous. The Radyansky Union is rich in why it has risen from the mass war and її victims; in fact, "being on the wrists" of their hulks, which makes them look at the creation of the Russian Empire. Even in the rocks of the hromadian war, one of the founders of the RSCHA, Leiba (Bronshtein) Trotsky, having formulated the concept of "red terror" that "revelation" that grew into "rozkulachuvannya" that struck a blow to us in front of the common people. All the chains under the drive of the struggle for socialism roiled and roamed after the red revolution. At the edge of the country, food was panned, and the regime of "viysk communism", and in fact - of pure fascism, was being forced, if the soldiers in the booths rushed to the houses of the villagers and took away the surplus food. Not under order, the vimog were simply shot without trial and investigation. Bіshovizm is like such a vineyard for Russia in the distant 1905, like the first Z'izd of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (it was also called the RSDLP). Pіdpіlny chervoniy seredok buv svogo politicheskoy sect, zrazok Іspanskoї Phalanx (Falange JONS), and її finansuvannya came from Nіmechchini, Switzerland, England and the USA. I would like to emphasize the role of A. Parvus (I. Gelfand) on the cob of the gromadyanskoy warfare in Russia, for whom the white-collared blues were tied up with the big social democrats, the leading rank - with the illich. 
For Stalin, the country took a sharp course towards industrialization and the economy of the country made a living. Zavdyaki 5-rivers, the economy of the SRSR rose on the 2nd month in the world after the United States, then at that hour the "Great Depression" was panned, and in 1933 the New Deal program of Roosevelt allowed the Americans to turn their positions in the world. So what else, but offending the powers after the Other light war will come to the cold stand one by one.
The reprisals of the 37th hit the country more painfully. The Red Army was practically destroyed (even if you don’t know the forgetfulness, the destruction of the great command warehouse of the Chervonoy Army was the black operation of the Abwehr), which naturally went to the gut and Hitler, and the holy Jewish forehead. The results of the repressions gave their own effect on the ganebnic Radyansk-Finnish war and wounds on the cob stages of the Great Vitchiznyana. Bula and Katin, like today's nonsense, which has become history and about how to be mentioned already in other material, de bude will be given a new opinion on nutrition "who is guilty of shooting Polish officers on the spring of 1940."
Despite all the difficulties of the era of Stalinism, the SRSR vyyshov survived the head hot conflict of the XX century. Before 1945 we took away that SRSR, the image of which we widowed to our children for more pelyushkas, so that they would not slander their veterans. І tsey SRSR on the cob of the 50s. in the sky over Pivnichnaya Korea, showing that we ourselves, and not the Americans, are the rulers of the sky, and we can’t be right today, maybe after 25 years after the fall I’ll spend the panuvannya. The Radyansk defense industry was rich in why the garniy haircut was rich in advance, and our country was rich in why it was the butt of inheritance. 
What’s more, those who, like Peter the First, needed 21 rіk for the transformation of Russia into the Empire, then the communist leadership of the SRSR needed 23 rіk. It seems to the world that Stalin repeated the strategic feat of Peter the Great, if in 1949, already after the Other World War, the first atomic bomb was tested. Until the middle of the 20th century, the SRSR was a healthy body, whose top leadership was competent. foreign policy, And the Russian people Stalin introduced a special historical role. Yakby is not trustworthy people, who knows, maybe until the mid-60s we could leave America. 
Zalatuvannya prorіh chi struggle with bourgeois nationalism?
As if our people were more enlightened and thoughtful, and not trusted, then, perhaps, the SRSR and having gone down to the evil of its national map. It’s a pity that history, or rather the witches, arranged themselves in the course of history, so that they could try to get us out of the middle
Immortality of the Trinity
Irrespective of those that the SRSR is no longer able to, and such a wine is no longer inspired, yet it is not possible to weld one with one of the members of the Trinity at the same time, as always stood guard over the security of Eurasia. It’s the same time to see the ideological and other zaboboni, one by one, stretch out one’s hand to help one, and support. The era of the red and liberal (Yeltsin) plagues has long since migrated from Russia to the USA, they have already stepped on the rake of all earlier founding empires, and the FBI has long become the American NKVS, surpassing the "red bees in shoulder straps" in all senses. If the rest of Ukraine is doomed to collapse, then the appearance of Novorosiya will become the core of the creation of a new Ukraine without Bandera and overseas zonal management.
God forbid, that this day has come, yaknaishvidshe and yogo mi, as close as we can. With their wild zusils without any help.
Because we can do everything ourselves!
Wikoristani materials of sites http://www.history-at-russia.ruі http://www.russlav.ru
