The growth and creation of the continent of Eurasia. Creature and growing world of Eurasia. Eurasian platforms that are located on the territory of Russia

In this article, the largest continent is considered - Eurasia. I will name such a wine, having taken away the beginnings of the union of two words - Europe and Asia, as it separates two parts of the world: Europe and Asia, which are united at the warehouse of this continent, also lie to Eurasia and islands.

The area of ​​Eurasia will be 54.759 million km2, which will be 36% of the total land area. The area of ​​the islands of Eurasia will be 3.45 million km2. The number of the population of Eurasia is also hostile, the shards become 70% of the total population on the entire planet. Stanom for 2010 The population of the Eurasian continent was already reaching over 5 billion people.

The mainland of Eurasia is the single mainland of the planet Earth, which is surrounded by 4 oceans. The Pacific Ocean washes the mainland at the exit, the ice-covered ocean washes the sea at night, the Atlantic Ocean washes the mainland at sunset, and the Indian Ocean is at the bottom.

Rozmіri Єvrazії dosit vrazhayut. Dovzhina of Eurasia as a marvel from the approach to the exit to become 18,000 kilometers and 8,000 kilometers as a marvel from the night to the day.

Eurasia has all climatic zones, natural zones and climatic zones that exist on the planet.

Extreme points of Eurasia, which are located on the mainland:

You can see some extreme continental points, like May Eurasia:

1) Mis Chelyuskin (77 ° 43 'Monday latitude), which is located on the territory of Russia, is the extreme point on the mainland.

2) The extreme point of the mainland is Mis Piay (1°16′ W), which is near the edge of Malaysia.

3) At the entrance of the mainland, the extreme point is Mis Roca (9º31′ W), which is near the edge of Portugal.

4) I came to the Skhodі Evrazії extreme point є Mis Dezhnev (169 ° 42′ W. Bud.), which also belongs to the edge of Russia.

The structure of the mainland Eurasia

The structure of the mainland of Eurasia is changing according to the decisions of the continents. We are in front of the fact that the mainland is made up of a number of plates and platforms, and also, that the continent of its formation is respected by the youngest of the rest.

The northern part of Eurasia is formed from the Siberian platform, the Skhidno-Europeian platform, as well as the Zahidno-Siberian plate. At the exit, Eurasia is composed of two platforms: one includes the Pivdenno-Chinese platform and also includes the Chinese-Korean platform. At the entrance of the mainland, plates of Paleozoic platforms and Hercynian folding are included. The main part of the mainland is formed from the Arabian and Indian platforms, the Iranian plate and parts of the Alpine and Mesozoic folding. The central part of Eurasia is formed by the Aleozoic folding and slabs of the Paleozoic platform.

Eurasian platforms that are located on the territory of Russia

The mainland of Eurasia has no great cracks and breaks that are located on Lake Baikal, near Siberia, Tibet and other regions.

Relief of Eurasia

Zavdyaks to their dimensions Eurasia, like the mainland, has the most manipulative relief on the planet. The mainland itself is considered the largest mainland of the planet. More than the most important point of the mainland of Eurasia is only the mainland of Antarctica, but the greater one is less for the rahunok of the comrade’s ice, which bends the earth. The very land of Antarctica climbs near the heights of Eurasia. In Eurasia itself, there are the greatest rivnas for their area and the greatest geese systems. Also on the territory of Eurasia are the mountains of the Himalayas, like the greatest mountains of the planet Earth. Vidpovidno and naivishcha mountain near the world roztashovuєtsya on the territory of Eurasia - tse Chomolungma (Everest - height 8848 m).

Today, the relief of Eurasia is covered with intense tectonic movements. The rich regions of the mainland of Eurasia are dominated by high seismic activity. Є і diyuchі volcanoes in Eurasia, to which one can include volcanoes in Iceland, Kamchatka, the Mediterranean and others.

Climate of Eurasia

The mainland of Eurasia is the only mainland, on which there are all climatic zones and climatic zones. There are arctic and subarctic belts on the mainland. The climate here is cold and harsh. On pіvden pochinaєtsya wide smuha pomіrnogo belt. At the same time, since the mainland is even more majestic at sunset, the following zones can be seen in the coastal zone: maritime climate at the sunset, distant continental, continental and monsoon climate.

On the first day, the subtropical belt passes through the Pomorny belt, which also divides into three zones: the Mediterranean climate, continental and monsoonal climate. The largest part of the mainland is occupied by the tropical and subequatorial belts. Equatorial rotting belt on the Eurasian islands.

Internal driving to mainland Eurasia

The mainland of Eurasia is no less than a vast expanse of water, which washes its dry sides, but also expands the internal water resources. Tsei mainland is the richest for the number of underground and surface waters. On the mainland of Eurasia itself, there are the largest rivers on the planet, as they wind around all the oceans that bathe the continent. To such rivers you can see the Yangtze, Ob, Huanghe, Mekong, Amur. On the territory of Eurasia itself, there are the largest and largest water bodies. Before them lie the largest lake in the world - the Caspian Sea, the largest lake in the world - Baikal. Underground water resources are distributed on the mainland unevenly.

On the territory of Eurasia, the camp for 2018 there are 92 independent powers, which are fully functional. The largest country in the world - Russia is also known in Eurasia. Having crossed over for help, you can marvel complete list the country from the area and the population. Evidently, Eurasia is the richest and richest in the nationality of the people who live on it.

Creature and growing world on the mainland of Eurasia

Since all natural zones are present on the mainland of Eurasia, the versatility of the creaturely and growing world is simply majestic. The mainland is inhabited by various birds, savts, mosquitoes, mosquitoes and other representatives of the creature's world. The most common representatives of the creaturely world in Eurasia are the brown witch, fox, wolf, hares, deer, elk, squirrels. This list can be continued and continued, because the great variety of creatures can be sent to the mainland. Likewise, birds, ribs, yaks hung on to low temperatures, and to dry climates.

Mainland Eurasia video:

Zavdyaks rose to the world and rose to the mainland, the growing world is also more diverse. On the mainland, there are leaves, conifers and snake foxes. The tundra, taiga, sing empty and empty. The most prominent representatives of trees are birch, oak, ash, poplar, chestnut, linden and many others. So is the diversity of species of herbs and chagarniks. The largest area on the mainland with a growing and creaturely world is the last resort, where only mosses and lichens can be grown. Let's go more to the pivden, tim is different and the most growing creature's world to the mainland.

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Creature and growing world of Eurasia. Eurasia is the largest continent on earth. This massif of land with adjacent islands stretches from the equatorial to the polar latitudes. Therefore, there are representations of the entire set of natural zones, as well as various provincial modifications, which lie in the remoteness of the region, the ocean, or the features of the relief. The gigantic belt of mountain spores, which stretches from the Alps to the Himalayas, has a more important latitudinal orientation, so the valley of geographical zones of Eurasia is close to classical. Significant part of the mainland to enter the warehouse of our country, and the zone of the yogo pivnіchnoy half of the house is better for us than for other regions of the earth's backcountry.

Evergreen forest foxes and close to them waterways (with a short dry season) monsoon foxes occupy equatorial and tropical areas of Eurasia. The largest expanses of typical seas are located near the rich places of the Malacca Pivot Island, on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. In addition, plank forests and naivological types of monsoon forests are widened in Indo-China, India (Assam), Sri-Lance, some areas of the Western and Northern Ghats of India, in front of the Northern Himalayas. At Birma, Thailand, on the fringes of China, seasonally dry monsoon foxes are transported, and the right woody forest of representations is small islands. Close to the Indo-Malayan plank forest of the islands at sunset Pacific Ocean and Filippin. New Guinea - transition to Australian tropical forests.
The starry look of the Asian gela swears to the fact that we already know other continents. Here, the three main villages of tiers A, B and C are also visible. less redkish herbs and get off the trees.
For a large number of scientific species in the villages, roslin and for the vast wealth of flora and wood the forests of Asia turn over the seas of Africa and navit Pivdenny America. The flora of flowers in the Malay Archipelago, Malacca and New Guinea is about 20 thousand. descriptions of the species, but in fact there are even more. Only for one Pivostrova Malacca to induce figures 10 yew. vidiv. The floristic richness of Asian water equatorial forests can be seen from the combination of some characteristic families. So, near the Congo basin, there are hundreds of species of orchids, most of them epiphyti (Imovirno, their number does not exceed 500). For the Malay Archipelago, 5 yew. cich roslin. On one of the test plots, near 1.5 ha of the middle of the primary plank forest (the region of the Dyulit mountains, Kalimantan), about 100 species of trees with a diameter of a stovbur of over 20 cm were revealed, and only about 4% of the individuals belonged to one species (behind Richards). In spite of a small part of the skin species in spivtovaristvo, about 17% of all trees with a stovbur diameter of over 20 cm and about 45% of great trees (with a stovbur diameter of over 40 cm) lay down to the dipterocarp family. Remain especially bald, more than one of ourselves characteristic rice Waterlogged evergreen forests of Asia: the dominance of trees that belong to the whole family. The species of dipterocarps in the upper layer of A.
Like in other continents, the most typical polydominant grouping of villages is roslyn. However, in a number of vipadkіv, mostly in special food minds (bіdnі vyluzhenі pіski thinly), grouped with a small number of dominating trees near the upper tier. Zagalne number species on an area of ​​1 ha here may be less than twice, lower in typical semi-dominant groups. Describing the plots with the prevalence of conifers and other dipterocarps. It is significant that in the minds of small heights above the sea level in monodominant (i olihodominant) evergreen forests, species of dipterocarps prevail. The foxes of the Malayan fairing tree become even more economically valuable. There are also plantations of kapur, or the Malay camphor tree, one of the representatives of dipterocarps. The remaining tree is typical for wet monsoon forests, it throws off its leaves for a short hour (most trees, especially low ones, become overgrown with evergreens). The intoxicatingly green foxes of Asia are also characterized by a great number of lianas and epiphytes. Often they are rich in bamboo and small palm trees. Greater rock and woods may not grow in typical timber woods. The stench is similar not only because of the structure of the dewy curve and floristic richness, but also because of the peculiarities of the fauna of the creaturely population. For rich groups of creatures, the difference between them is less rich, lower in height.

Like in the other regions of the earth's backwoods, among the creatures of the Asian guile, the village form is clearly represented. At the ground and ground tiers, the termites are overwhelmed. Tsі komakhi at once from goosebumps from the best creatures are the most remembered either without a middle, or traces of their activity. Like in other water equatorial and tropical latitudes, in Asia there are numerous hygrophilous spineless and amphibious amphibians that live in the middle of the earth. Zokrema, the earthly foxes' appearances from the hamadipsu are already bothering people at times. Like on other continents, there are such groups of coma, like tsvirkuni, targans, cicadas, earwigs, bronze beetles and other chamois, brentidi, sucrose beetles, woodhorses and ground beetles, various bugs, panicles and other. All the stinks, however, either hove under the bark, thinly in the cracks, or live high in the crowns, and it’s not easy to remember them. It can be said in a nutshell that the grouping of spineless evergreen equatorial forests of Africa and America is even similar to such Asian hyla on the same family. There is even more similarity in the set of biological groups of these creatures, as well as in their spivism; dominate by biomass the spozhivatsya primary products, which exterminate (thermitis and in) and phytophages. In the middle of hizhakіv and creatures zі zmіshanim kharchuvannyam ants are transported, in the middle of zapilyuvachіv - rіznі bdzholi (trigoni, villages bdzholi-xylocopies).
For amphibians, different varieties of toads and toads are clearly represented. Tree frogs may not enter between the mountains and watery monsoon forests, wanting to stink to live like in Northern Asia, as well as in Australia and New Guinea. Then, in the quiet areas of tropical Asia, there are few or no tree frogs, you can clearly see the families of copepod toads that replace them. Deyakі see the rest of the family can build up the building for the help of wide bands between the fingers of the front and back legs. The length of watering from tree to tree can reach 12 m. Whipped tufted heads in a deaky hour are taken by the water and there they complete the development. Like on trees, so live on the surface of the earth see different big-bodied ones, who ate more importantly termites and ants. From them, a toad is supposedly embellished, which can have a loud voice. Under the hour of loving cries, the male's body is irritated and resonates all over.
A variety of plazuni of evergreen foxes are also zoophagous. Like on other continents, one of the richest reptiles is gekoni, most of them are bags in crowns and on stovburs of trees. Among the agamov lizards, you see flying dragons with a vignette. Zavdyaki wide fluffy folds from the sides of the body stench building up to a planned flight on a height of up to 30 m.
In the ground layer, and often in the ground layer, skinks live. The floorings characteristic of Africa and America are amphisben in Asia, but there are no sleepy-sneaky-typhlopid floorings of the same type. Villages shaped like snakes in the Asian countryside are not less diverse. We make bronze snakes and dendrilafisiv from similar ones. Sporidnenі him embellished zmії tsіkavі zdatnіstyu before planned stribkіv from tree to tree. In this creature, the body is greatly flattened, the ribs are rotting. In different types of forests of Pivdenny and Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Asia, lash-like snakes linger, all their lives are also spent on trees.

In the tropical forests of Asia, the bag and the largest blight snake is the king cobra, which reaches 5.5 m. Protecting masonry, that sizable spectacled snake, or Indian cobra, is widely expanded in India and Sri Lancia. Of the other blights and not safe with their bite of snakes, the closest relatives of cobras are characteristic - bungars, or kraits, vipers, deyak muzzles and kufis.
The warehouse and spіvvіdnoshennia of biological groups of birds and animals of evergreen foxes in Asia as a whole shows us the picture that is typical for other continents. We linger on certain species and groups of power, but not on the land.
From parrots, typical of all tropical latitudes, in the Asian hylaea, like in Australia, it is characteristic to see pidrodini lorises. They have penzlik or especially virosity at the end of the tongue, for the help of such qi small and brightly zabarvlennі papugi pick up the nectar of flowers and sіk soft fruits. Three rhinoceros birds are called kalaos, which, in terms of their way of life, are close to their African relatives. And in other areas, you can see woodpeckers, beards, and in the corral of humpbacks - pitty, larvae, bull'buli, thymelia, blackbirds, flycatchers, warblers, white-eyes, nectaries. The leafy family is characteristically close to the Bulbul. These are small, often beautifully stocked birds that sleep well, with a brush on the tongue for collecting nectar and fruit juice. Buryan family in the bedroom with the fauna of Australia.
The fauna of species of planks and seasonal evergreen forests of Eurasia includes a few ancient species of that group, like those found on other continents. At that very hour, you can apply a systematic (phylogenetic) similarity to Africa, and to Pivdenny America. An endemic group of animals and spores The largest widening is great, mayzhe 1.5m, great hymnur. Cover the body with a hard bristle of dark color, a long tail of lust and hairlessness. Animals are eating various other creatures and fruits that have fallen to the ground, multiplying at any time of fate. Among the beds typical for the tropics of the Old World, krilan live here as the largest species - kalong mayzhe pіvmovoї dozhini, so dwarf krilan, with a dovzhina body 6-7 cm. Kalong live on fruits and live on great animals. The pygmy krilan pristosuvavsya to nectar. The new one has a long tongue, that animal can be hungry for a lot, hanging in the wind in front of the ticket. From the other hands you can guess the name of the freed outside. Whose kind of extensions in Indonesia, in Malacca and the Philippines, spend the day at the caves, where a lot of thousands of creatures can be picked up.
Among the rodents, there are significantly different primitive dove-tailed porcupines, brush-tailed porcupines, and landakivs. Among the numerous and diverse villages of grizzlies, large ones are seen, up to 3 kg of ratufi squirrels, other squirrels with a body length of 7-10 cm, even more beautiful squirrels were added to the fermentation. Raznomanіtnі behind looking at those rosemіrs are also flying squirrels, who may be able to plan for the help of woolly covered wool between the front and hind legs. The largest species (body length 60 cm) is taguan, a building dolat at 60 m.
A village way of life to lead and a lot of huts. First, characteristic, like in Africa, different groups of viverians. Deyakі їх eat, krіm drіbnih creatures, also fruits. Let's guess the Asian palm civet. The leopard, which is especially characteristic of evergreen forests, is a wild part, which leads the village way of life. Tigers and leopards, lingering right there, hustle in rich other zones. In India and Indo-China, leopards-"brunettes" (especially melanist ones, which are called black panthers) often slink.

Black-backed tapir, which lives in the forests of Pivdenno-Skhidnaya Asia, has long become a classic butt for fauna. Yogo closest relatives linger at the Central Pivdenny America. The range of the tapir family is relict, in the Paleogene and Neogene creatures were widely expanded in the greater part of Eurasia and Pivnichnoy America. A dekilka of sightings of Asian rhinoceroses at once peresbuvayut under the threat of extinction. For evergreen forests, a typical bearded pig is similar to our wild boar. In rich places, the number of these creatures is still high. Like on other continents, near the hills of Eurasia, drowsing forests see hoards. To the African species, close to the Asian deer, the most important species can weigh a total of 2.5 kg. Among the reindeer, there are also wild forest vidi, among which the muntzhak is widely seen with a weight of about 25 kg. The largest representatives of the right deer, for example, the Indian sambar, linger like in the watery lowlands, and in the dry or high forests of tropical latitudes. A dekilka of deer species characteristic of wood foxes is at times more rare. Also, a rich variety of species of bugaiv (gaur, banteng, kouprey) and wild Asian buffalo.
The decline of primates in tropical Eurasia may be especially primitive of the tupa family. These small village creatures, sound with protein, are not similar to their relatives. The stench is choking on lumps and other dribbling creatures and fruits. The family of hіba poov'yazuє іnshih primatіv z corral komahoydnyh, zakim stink rich slіnnyh characteristics in budovі. From the lemurs in the Asian sea, thin and tovst loris linger. All six species of the hobonic family and orangutan, endemic to Eurasia, are the most common to live on trees among human-like maws. Unfortunately, there are a lot of hіboniv and orangutans - rare known creatures. The area of ​​mawp, the taman forests of Africa, in Eurasia is occupied by various species of macaques. In rich areas, macaques are the most numerous macaques. They live in herds, often come down to the ground, often raid fields and plantations.
At the borders of the belt of equatorial forests of Eurasia, and even more of the world in the area of ​​widened water monsoon forests large squares occupied by secondary spiving, which winkled under the influx of people's activity (the fells fell from the victorious lands, which they called, and planted that shepherd). At the borders of the Malay Archipelago and Malacca, the secondary foxes are called bіlukar. Like in other areas, such grouping is often є important chagars for the fate of prickly dews. In rich places, regressive successions are produced until the appearance of chagars and vineyards of cereal tall grasses with panuvannya іmperati, called іlang-іlang in Indonesia. Even a typical chagarnik is also lantana. On the breeding island of Malacca, there is now an oversized planting of brazilian gevea, which gives rubber. Hevea, insanely, is the most characteristic view of the largest cultural landscapes in this region. In the second groupings of types, there are also sprat species of bananas, bamboo, palm trees, ferns, and herbaceous liani.
With all the similarity of the secondary forests of the equatorial latitudes of Asia, as well as New Guinea with primordial forests
Africa is Asian most manipulative for a set of species of creatures and for the number of their groups. With the wild floristic and growing richness of Eurasia, and with the folding geographical minds of the continent's outskirts (mountainousness, visibility of the islands). After more less trivaly an hour after the introduction of people to the miscs of the second groupings, the forest is step by step re-formed, close to the climactic zonal types. Tsikavo, which is located on the site of the ancient Cambodian town of Anko-Bat, which was blasted for about 600 years, is not affected by the primary waterlogged forest area, but with the help of the old one, it is possible to detect many activities.
The production characteristics of the biomass of the dewy slopes of the monsoon and equatorial forests of Eurasia are the same as for similar zonal ecosystems in Africa, Pivdennoy America and Australia.
Warehouse and fate in the biocenoses of various functional (mainly tropical) groups of organisms are also close to similar groups of various continents, although you can see that the canopies and navit families of roslin and creatures can be similar to others.

The article tells about the peculiarities of the growing world of the mainland. Give a notice to someone who has such a different understanding of the flora of Eurasia. Explain why the endemic species of roslyn slander the great territories and why the old buildings grow in lesser areas.

Roslini Eurasia

The growing world of the largest continent of the Earth can be reached by a variety of people. A significant part of the mainland territory is occupied by such foxes, like:

• conifers;
• broadleaf;
• equatorial;
• zminno-vologі.

Here grow great trees, chagars, that herbaceous splendor is powerful for the growing peasants.

Among the typical representatives of the flora of Eurasia are Siberian cedar, oak, beech, banyan tree, bamboo, tulip tree.

Raflesia is the biggest ticket in the world that smells bad.

Rice. 1. Raflesia.

Significantly beyond the expanse of the steppes, grasses and grasses cover. Most of the steppe cultivators of Eurasia have been introduced under the cultivation of agricultural subdar crops and natural growth is observed in the fringed steppe expanse.

TOP-4 articlesyakі read at once with tsієyu

Asia - the fatherland of the city of zdebіsh vіdomih sogodnі to the people of cultural roslyn.

The main center of cultural growth is the Mediterranean.

The interior of the country house of the mainland lie empty. Here is a list of roslin advances:

• polyne;
• kurai;
• camel thorn;
• saxaul.

Tse grew up, so as not to give shadows. Must have stinks to live in deserted territories. Tsya attachment was the result of an evolutionary development.

Rice. 2. Camel thorn.

In kestrels, there is enough growth from a short growing season. Tsikavo: In the spring season, the empty spaces are filled with blooming dews of various species. If it's dry to come, if the whole kіtucha growth grows without a trace.

Endemics of Eurasia

Irrespective of the close territorial links between Europe and Asia, the birth of the splinty and the creaturely world of two parts of one continent was not the same.

The largest concentration of endemic species is found in Russia, similar to China, on the Japanese islands and in the Himalayas. The heat-loving representatives of the ancient flora are known to people today for the insignificant climate change typical for these territories. Zdebіlshego tserolini, yakі overwhelm less singing territories. Knowing them at other latitudes is simply impossible.

Through those that Eurasia succumbs to the infusion of all significant climatic zones, there is a great range of versatility of the growing world, which is typical for the Asian part of the mainland, as well as for the European part of the continent.

Rice. 3. Tenacious

I'm using the butt of the endemic of the growing world of Eurasia and the tenacious, otherwise the Caucasian was young. Rіd tsієї roslini vіd 30 to 50 species. The expansion of yoga is more characteristic of such territories of the continent as pivnichna, pivdenna and Skhidna Europe, Caucasus and Pvdenno-Skhidnoy Asia.

AT medium smoothie Russia "has taken root" only one species, which is rejuvenated in Russia.

Regardless of the natural schilnist to hybridization and the presence of impersonal varieties, roslin lie to the endemic group in Eurasia.

What did we recognize?

We found out, like types of growth in the taman nature areas. They found out what explains their old appearance and the peculiarities of life. Z'yasuvali, yakі factors vplinili on the safety of the oldest representatives of the flora to this day and the stars look like a rich variety of cultural growths.

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CREATIVE SVIT EVRAZІЇ

The creaturely world of Eurasia is even more diverse. Rozpodіl suchasnoї ї ї ї ї ї fauna territorієyu to fallow іn_ features natural minds that kind of results in the activity of people. The largest and widest of the great savets of the tundra is the venison deer. In the tundra there is also a polar fox, a leming and a hare-bіlyak. The most wide-spread birds were those of the tundra chicken. During the summer period, gulls, loons, eiders, geese, pitchings, and swans arrive near the tundra. The creature light of the forest zone is best preserved near the tayzi. Wolves, brown bears, elk, rice, foxes, squirrels, wolverines, martens live here. Z birds - black grouse, capercaillie, hazel grouse, crossbill. Stepovі creatures - steppe thіr, howrahs, different mice. Saiga escaped from the great creatures. Various birds - larks, swallows, falcons. In napivpustels and pustels, plazuny, gryzuni, and hoarders are carried. Two-humped camels live near Central Asia, wild donkeys - kulans. In the mountain forests of Pivdenny China, the panda bamboo witch, the Himalayan black witch, and the leopard were preserved. Wild elephants live on Hindustan and on the island of Sri Lanka. For India and Indo-China, a large number of mawp is characteristic, a large number of different plazunov, especially brittle snakes. A lot of creatures, which are in Eurasia, are listed up to the Chervonoy Book: bison, Ussuri tiger, kulan and others.

The large, northern part of Eurasia lies up to the Holarctic zoogeographic region; less, pivdenna, - to the Indo-Malayan and Ethiopian regions (Fig. 20).

Rice. 20. Faunistic regionalization of Eurasia

The Indo-Malayska region includes the islands of Indostan and Indo-China at once from the adjacent part of the mainland, the islands of Taiwan, the Philippine and Sundsk Islands, the Arabian Peninsula at once from the greater part of Africa to enter the Ethiopian region. Most of the zoogeographers reach the Australian zoogeographic region. Tsey showed the peculiarity of the development of the Eurasian fauna in the process of changing natural minds throughout the Mesozoic and the entire Cenozoic, as well as the connection with other continents. To characterize the current natural minds, to become interested in the ancient extinct fauna, only at home at the vikopny camp, the fauna that arose in the historical hour as a result of activity, and the modern fauna.

For example, during the Mesozoic, on the territory of Eurasia, a diverse fauna was formed, which consists of monotremes and marsupials, snakes, and turtles. With the appearance of placental ssavtsіv, especially hizhakіv, lower ssavtsі stepped on the day, to Africa and Australia. They changed proboscis, camels, horses, rhinos, which inhabited most of Eurasia in the Cenozoic. The cold climate in the Cenozoic kingdom brought to extinction richness from them, or to the entrance to the day. Proboscis, rhinoceroses, etc., live only in Pivdenniy and Pivdenno-Skhidniy Asia at the Pivdenno-Skhidniy Asia. Until recently, camels and wild horses were broader in the interior arid parts of Eurasia.

The cold climate brought about the settlement of Eurasia by creatures, sticking to the suvory climatic minds (mammoth, tour and in.). Tsya pivnіchna fauna, the center of the formation of which was in the area of ​​the Bering Sea and the former colony of Pivnіchnoy America, step by step saw the heat-loving fauna on the pivden. A lot of representatives of the її died out, the deaks were saved in the warehouse of the modern fauna of the tundra and taiga forests. The drying climate of the interior regions of the mainland was accompanied by a wide steppe and desert fauna, as it was preserved as a head rank in the steppes and deserts of Asia, and in Europe it often died out.

In the lower part of Asia, the declimatic minds did not recognize the natural changes of the Cenozoic, they knew their own backs of rich creatures of the ice age. In addition, through Skhidna Asia, the exchange of creatures between the Holarctic and Indo-Malayan regions was carried out. At її borders, such tropical forms penetrate far into the forest, like a tiger, a Japanese macaque, etc.

In the modern wild fauna of the territory of Eurasia, they know their own traits as a history and development, and the peculiarities of natural minds and the results of activity.

On the peninsular islands and the extreme peninsula of the mainland, the warehouse of the fauna may change from the sunset. The creaturely world of the tundra and the taiga forests may have insignificant internal details. What is farther on the day, the difference in latitude is no more than the Holarctic, the milestones become significant. The fauna of the extreme day of Eurasia is already specific and the floors are similar to the tropical fauna of Africa and to Arabia, which can be attributed to various zoogeographic regions.

The fauna of the tundra is especially single-minded with the stretch of the Eurasian (like Pivnіchnoy America) fauna.

The widest of the great savets of the tundra is the venison deer (Rangifer tarandus). Vіn mayzhe do not grow up in Europe in the wild camp; the most wide and the most domestic creature of the Eurasian nightlife. The tundra is characterized by arctic fox, leming and hares (Fig. 21).

Rice. 21. Expansion of some creatures in foreign Europe

Of the land birds, the most wide-spread were the tundra chicken (Lagopus lagopus and Lagopus mutus), plantains and horned larks. For a short summer period near the borders of the tundra, numerous migratory waterfowl birds arrive: gulls, guillemots, loons, eiders, geese, pitchings, swans. Gulls and seagulls settle down on the high skeletal banks, lay their eggs on the eaves and near the crevices of the stone ravines. Hundreds of thousands are gathered from such places, and the titles of bird bazaars are established. During the nesting period, birds are easy to catch, and the population, crusty cym, blames them for picking eggs. The most famous birds of the seashores are the golden eiders (Somateria mollissima), which make up a light and warm fluff, like a stench nests. In some countries (Iceland, Norway, Russia), eiders are known under the supervision of that guard, and the selection of their fluff, which is highly valued on the light market, is controlled by the state. On the shores of lakes, rivers and swamps nest pitching, geese and other birds.

Coastal waters, rivers and lakes are rich in fish, the head rank of the salmon family.

In the Ice Age, in the modern tundras lived mammoths, wild rhinoceroses, and vultures. At once, the surpluses of them show less at the foreman's station. In some places (for example, on Svalbard) one-by-one breed a vine, native from Arctic America.

The creaturely world of the forests of Eurasia is becoming more differentiated. Particularly pronounced are the fauna of broad-leaved foxes at once, divided by great expanses of steppe and desert. The taiga foxes, which stretched across the entire continent, are characterized by the uniform single-manhood of the creature's world.

The most typical representatives of the taiga fauna of Eurasia include elk, brown bear, rice, wolverine, squirrel, chipmunk, and voles; from birds - black grouse, capercaillie, hazel grouse, mites. The number of creatures is wider in the river tayzi, as well as in the coniferous forests of the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia.

Mіzh zmіshanimi and broad-leaved forests of the Atlantic Europe, from one side, and the Far Descent, from the other, as it was said, there is great diversity in the warehouse of the creaturely world.

The foxes of Europe were inhabited by numerous great savts - huts and herbs, which were the subject of watering through their meat or cunningly. The most characteristic representatives of the fox fauna are the brown wedge, bison (Bison bonasus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), wolverine, fox marten (Martes martes), fox thir (Mustela putorius), weasel (Mustela nivalis), wild gut (Felis silvestris), fox, hedgehog, white hare and brown hare. The Bury Vedmіd (Ursus arctos), which is a familiar sign on the plains, is still found in the mountains, especially in the Carpathians. Of the endemic wild goat species, there are traces of sarnu (Rupicapra rupicapra), wild goats (Capra ibex, Capra pyrenaica) and babakiv (Marmota marmota). The destruction of forests and the rise of the great expanses brought to a wide expansion of the wild rodents - polkas, earthworms, howrahs, yak to rule over the great shkodi of the agricultural state.

Great wealth of avifauna. Zmishani and broad-leaved foxes inhabit chickens, black grouse, capercaillie, hazel grouse, which make valuable game; wide and richly singing birds - thrushes, orioles, chicks, warblers and others. Often owls, filins, pigeons and zozulys are chirping. Waterfowl nest on the water basins. Bіlya settlements settle lastіvki, rooks and leleks. More birds of passage. In the autumn, caravans of geese, jocks, cranes, birds of prey and other birds stretch along strictly designated paths for the day, in order to turn the curtains anew to their nests.

In the rivers and lakes, there is a head rank of coropovі ribi, and salmon are scarlet.

Some of them were previously lingering in the European forests of the great creatures, now there are none, others were saved only on territories that are specially protected. Among the first, it is necessary to name the tour (Bos primigenius) - the majestic wild beak. The rest of the tour having died in Europe on the cob XVII century. On the border of the new world, there was a bison, which was alive earlier in the majestic expanses from France and Belgium to the Caucasus. Systematically blaming the hour of the face, royal and royal watering, which greatly suffered the hour of the First and Other world wars, the bison were vryatovannya in the case of total blaming by the sleepy zusillas of the Radyansky and Polish scientists. The largest population of bison lives near the Bilovez biospheric reserve on the cordon of Poland and Belarus. A large number of deer, mountain goats, and sard raced strongly. Mayzhe is everywhere the fault of the Vovka, and the Vedmedi entered the girsk districts, and there the stench is even worse.

The fauna of the forests of Asia, which is seen in the Manchurian-Chinese sub-region of the Holarctic, has a clear expression of its wild-forest character, which is remarkable for its great richness in species. It is said, from one side, about those who skhіd Asia did not notice the significant changes in the climate during the ice age period and in the yogo between the representatives of the heat-loving ancient fauna knew the apron. On the other side, the climatic parts of Asia change from pivnich to pvdnevno step by step, adhering to the penetration of pivnichny taiga forms to pivnich, and tropical - to pivnіch, which is characteristic of the Skhіdnoї to bring the great diversity of the world of Asia to life.

One of the most characteristic representatives of the fauna of the mountain forests of China and the Himalayas is the Himalayan black weed (Ursus thibetanus), which lives in the mountains up to a height of 4000 m, eating dewy hedgehog, coma and other creatures. In the bamboo chagar gardens of Northern Tibet and Pivdenno-Skhіdny China, there are sacks of bamboo witch, or the great panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). In dense natural bamboo and black chagar forests and mountain forests, rising from time to time up to the upper border of the forest, there is a tiger (Panthera tigris) - the most safe hut of Asia, also a leopard (Panthera pardus) and marten harza (Martes vigula). Characteristic representatives of the broad-leaved fox fauna are the endemic raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and the distant fox whale. In the Valleys of the rivers of China and the islands of Korea, there is a small hornless water deer (Hydropotes inermis); on the pіvnochі widenings the plamy deer (Cervus nippon), the young antlers of which - panti - are valued like a medicinal syrovin. Vykhіdtsami z Pivdenny Asia є deyakі Mavpi (from the genus Macac). At the Manchurian-Chinese subdomain, beating 40° latitude, to pass the pivnichnaya boundary between the shirring on the earth's kuli. Representatives of the taiga fauna of the terrestrial European-Siberian subregion - flying squirrel and chipmunk.

The foxes of Northern Asia are inhabited by various birds. Pheasants (golden, royal and other) are seen in the plumage, a stringy mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) is the most beautiful representative of this family, the endemic Japanese crane (Grus japonensis). Numerical differences of gorob'yach - white-eyed, larvae, thymelia.

There are a lot of lizards and snakes in the middle of the mosquitoes, which are represented by canopies, wild from the Indo-Malayan region. In addition, there is one species of alligator and the land tortoise. Amphibians are characterized by woody toads and an endemic giant salamander that lives on the Japanese Islands (Andrias japonicus).

The original fauna of the Mediterranean, Western Asian mountains and Arabia, which provided a basis for seeing the especially Mediterranean sub-region of the Holarctic. There you can see endemic hirs and rivers, and you can also see, sleeping in Pivnichnoy Africa. The fauna of Northern Europe includes mawp, primitive hyzhakiv, birds and a large number of amphibians and plasuniv, which may not be found in the northern parts of Eurasia.

On the Pyrenean Pivostrov and Pivdni of France, a representative of the Viverov family lives - the great geneta (Genetta genetta), a small hut that eats rodents and is respected by brown creatures. On the peninsula of the Pyrenean Pivostrov, there is a single species of macaque that thrives in the wild in Europe - macaque macaques, or tailless macaques.

Mayzhe zovsim blames the wild hirsky ram (Ovis ammon), which is alive in the hirsky forests or on the open hirsky peaks, but earlier on the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. On the islands of the Aegean Sea and on the pivdni of the Balkan Pivostrov in the mountainous regions, wild goats thrive along with miserable vegetation. Goats are widely widened near the Mediterranean, in some regions they are the only domestic animals. Tilky in Pivdenniy Evropі live pіreneyska syphilis, porcupine, jackal, wild rabbit.

Birds of the Mediterranean are not less familiar, less common. The most characteristic features are the black magpie, the chick hen, the Sardinian warbler, the Spanish and stone gorobets and many others. From the hut birds the black vulture, the vulture, the lamb are wide, which attack the thinness.

Plasuni feel good in the minds of a dry climate. Among them are endemic forms: lizards-gekoni, chameleons, mediterranean viper and other snakes; h land turtles- A walnut turtle. There are also numerous arthropods - scorpions, freshwater crabs, various beetles, cicadas, and brightly swamped panicles.

Before the warehouse of the fauna of the Anterior Asian mountains, the Crimean typical Mediterranean elements, there are some representatives of the Central Asian suboblast, as well as the Ethiopian region of Africa. From the hoarding characteristic of gazelles, antelopes, wild bluebirds, Central Asian geese ram and goats. Representatives of the Ethiopian region are their own hoards - damani (Hyracoidea), who live near the rocky mountain regions at a significant height. Leopards, rice, caracal, jackal, hyena, often see foxes from hizhakіv. Numerical rodents are hares, jerboas, pishchanka, one species of porcupine. Among the birds of Western Asia, there are a lot of representatives of the Central Asian pustles and steppes: drokhvi, grouse, larks, the pustle jay and іn. Chaplis, flamingos, pelicans are found in the water. Even greater is the diversity of plazunov, especially lizards, snakes: steppe boa constrictor, gyurza viper (Vipera lebetina), horned viper (Vipera ammodites), slithers, vuzhі. It is characteristic of arthropods to grow, which often bring great harm to people. Among them are phalanxes, scorpions, tarantulas. Posivi sіlskogospodarskih cultures periodically suffer in the form of saran.

Desert flat-mountains and mountain ranges of Central Asia have their own fauna and are seen in a special Central Asian zoogeographic subregion. It is characterized by the wild viability of the species warehouse and the overpopulation of hoarders and grizzlies, which are stuck to the ground in the great treeless and waterless expanses of the central regions of Asia.

Deyakі creatures are surrounded by their wide border regions of Central Asia, and other settlements are located at the borders everywhere. So, only in Tibet and Kunlun the wild yak (Bos mutus) grows, that and there vin step by step. This great creature is satisfied with the meager fodder of the high desert flat mountains and miraculously feels like the minds of a harsh continental climate, but cannot endure high temperatures. The yak is one of the largest domestic animals in Central Asia. Їх vikoristovuyut for the transfer of important speeches and like riding creatures. Mіstsevі inhabitants to live in their milk and meat, the skins and wool to go to the preparation of clothes.

In the mountains of Tibet and in the mountains of Central Asia, orongo (Pantholops hodgsoni), addax (Addax nasomaculatus), argali argali, or argali (Ovis ammon) are widely widened, reaching majestic roses, geese goats. On the steppe and desert plains of Mongolia and Pivnichno-Zakhidny China, there are dzeren (Procapra gutturosa), wild ass, wild ass (Equus hemmionus) and a very rare kiang (Equus kiang), as well as a wild two-humped Bactrian camel. The typical creature of the desert and dry steppe does not live in the mountains and areas with a humid climate. Camels vikorovuyut on the plains of Central and Central Asia as a way of transferring that draft force. The inhabitants of the city eat their milk, fat and meat, they make clothes from the outside.

Huts are not so different in Central Asia, like hoards. Near the mountains there is a snow leopard irbis (Uncia uncia), bringing the brown bear and wolf to Tibet. In Mayzha, foxes, the great wolf, weasel, and jackal are everywhere.

On the plains and in the mountain regions, grizzly bears are clearly represented for the number of species, and for the number of individuals.

Birds are especially diverse in girsk regions. Tse gіrskі іndichki-ulari, Tibetan saj (Syrrhaptes tibetanus), alpine jackdaws, vulture, lamb, chough, wall climber. On the plains there are drokhvi, sandgrouse, larks (maliy, chubaty and іn).

Plasuni and amphibians are not abundant in Central Asia. Widened deyakі lizards and snakes, land turtle.

The whole region of the southern part of Eurasia is located at the border of the Indo-Malayan zoogeographic region and is characterized by especially great wealth, diversity and age of the creaturely world. The fauna of the region is clearly marked by the tropical nature of the territory, along with other tropical regions of the Earth, for example, with the Ethiopian region of Africa, with the Neotropics. In addition, a small number of contacts with Australia have made a significant contribution to the fauna. The islands of Malacca, Sunda and the Philippine Islands, which are united in the Malay subregion, are the most wealthy and richest of the creaturely world. Increasingly hot and watery climate and overpopulation of watery tropical forests, and instilling an island character of the territory, which has used the cob of the quarter period of the overland connection of Ukraine with the smaller parts of Asia, have zoomed in on a great diversity of endemism.

Найбільш яскраві представники копитних Малайського архіпелагу - чепрачний, або двоколірний, тапір (Tapirus indicus), що має родичів у Південній Америці, однорогий індійський і дворогий суматранський носороги (Rhinoceros unicornis і Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), дикий бик банік худоби, індійський буйвол (Bubalus arnee) , gaur (Bos gaurus). In the mountains and on the pagorbs, in the forests, little seen by people, there is a small muntjak deer (Muntiacus muntjak).

Three hizhakіv next to name the Malay short-haired "sleepy" bear (Helarctos malayanus) and tiger. On the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan, there are human-like mavpa orangutans (“fox people”), as they are very rare (Fig. 22).

Rice. 22. Expansion of some creatures in foreign Asia

Representatives of the hobonic family, mauve-like birds, and some macaques are widespread everywhere. Characteristics are close to primates and coma-like blunts and primitive primates.

The peculiarity of the fauna of the islands is the presence of a significant part of the species of "planning" creatures. Among them are savtsі - flying squirrels and woolly acrylics, which are a form, intermediate between comahorides, kazhanami and napіvmavpami; mosquitoes - a flying dragon (Dracovolans) - a lizard, kіntsіvki yakoї zabezpechenі letalnoy retinok.

Among the birds of wonder is the great argus pheasant (Argusianus argus), pavo muticus pheasant (Pavo muticus) and birds of paradise from Australia - birds of paradise and great-legged chickens.

Plasuni oppose a great number of sights and great dimensions. On the small island of Komodo, the largest of the modern lizards lives - the giant Komodo monitor lizard (Varanus Komodensis), which reaches 3-4 m. The great crocodile gavial lives near the rivers of Kalimantan. A lot of brittle snakes, the most unsafe for a person with spectacled snakes, or cobras. Wider also boa. The largest of them is the common python (Python reticulatus) - it reaches a length of 8-10 m and a weight of 100 kg. Vin is not a safe yak for great creatures, ale and people.

Among the various arthropods, especially significant are the great and brightly infested blizzards. The scorpions and majestic bird-birds are also wider.

The islands of Sulawesi and Mali Sunds occupy a special place for the zoological species. The endemic creatures of Sulawesi include the wild babirus pig (Babyrossa babyrussa), the pygmy anoa buffalo (Bubalus depressicornis) and black macaques, and the representatives of the Australian fauna - the sumas of couscous, great-footed chicken and a lot of other birds.

In particular, the Indian sub-region is seen in India, Sri Lanka and Indo-China. The warehouse of the fauna of the pidoblast has a number of typical representatives of the Indo-Malayan region and those from the Ethiopian region of the Holarctic. The creaturely world of the Indian sub-domain is distinguished by species diversity and a great number of individuals. India is especially worthy of, for the killing of any living beings is fenced in by religion, then it is rarely blamed on vicious creatures.

The fauna of India and Indochina is characterized by the presence of the Indian elephant. Wild elephants thrive in sparsely populated areas in front of the Himalayas, in the forests of Sri Lanka and other places. The domestic elephant, familiar with important and foldable robots, is one of the typical creatures of India and the country of Indo-China.

The local population also tames a wild bik - gaura (gayala). Domesticated and widely broadened like a working thin Indian buffalo. In dense pririchkovy chagar forests, wild Indian boar often grows. In quiet areas, where significant forests have been preserved, the great antelope nilgau (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and the chotirirog antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), deer muntjac and axis (Cervus axis) linger - one of the most beautiful representatives of this family that lives in the water. With wide hizhakіv a tiger, a leopard and a special form of a leopard - a black panther, like a leader of a significant shkodi to bestiality. At the borders of the wasteland of Tar, a lion appears, which has penetrated here from the Ethiopian region.

For India and Indo-China, a large number of mavp is characteristic, which are wide everywhere: near forests, shrouds, gardens, near settlements and navit near places. The stench eat the fruits and psyut sow, the head of the great shkod population. In India, dog-like mawpis grow, in Indo-China - hiboni, macaques and others. For Indochina, like for the islands, woolly wool is characteristic.

It’s famously right for the local population - there are a large number of different plazunov, especially brittle snakes, which bite thousands of people. Near the waters of the Ganges and other great rivers live gigantic crocodiles (Gavialis gangeticus), which reach 6 m in length.

The beauty of plumage and the diversity of forms oppose the light of birds. Among them are the great pavich (Pavo cristatus), pheasant, see wild chickens, which look like domestic breeds, different thrushes are skinny. From the clods, there are especially richly rich strings of blizzards, giant bird-birds that feed on wild birds. In India, there is a dika bjola - the ancestor of homemade bjola.

The direct reduction of valuable species of roslin and creatures (poaching, poaching, illegal trade), and the smut - the change of their misuse as a result of anthropogenic inflow, led to the fact that a rich species of fauna of Eurasia was under the threat of extermination. There are 471 species of savians, 389 species of birds, 276 species of ribs, 85 species of bluefish and 33 species of amphibians. There are close to two thirds of the territory where the wild creatures of Asia live. In China, one of the 12 countries in the world, which are called “megabioriznomanitam”, 15-20% of the species are under threat. Of the seven endemic species of savts in Western Asia, the chotiri (Arabian leopard, smugasta hyena, Arabian tar and Arabian wolf) survive under the threat of an outbreak. Practically not improve the situation from the second view of that їх miscegenation in Western Europe.

Roslini arctic kestrels

Pivnіchna part of the mainland was covered with ice-covered places, and the zone of polar (arctic) pustles was planted for the day. The territory of the territory is filled with freshness of the suctile soil curve. See how it grows here, nevibagly shdo, nasampered, temperature minds and buildings survive in the minds of permafrost.

Mosses, lichens, sedges and grasses grow on low-pressure, unevenly spread soils in these areas. Here the growing biomass is growing properly.

Roslini taiga

Sibіr, Far away and Pivnіchnі regions of Europe are most importantly covered by taiga.

Appointment 1

The taiga is a biome that is characterized by the abundance of coniferous forests, which are dominated by boreal species of pine, yalin, yalitsa and modrina and pine.

note 1

Similarly, "taiga" is called the subzone of the pivnіchny pomіrny belt, de-broadening such biomi.

In the taiga forests, there are weakly folded pods, the lower tier and moss cover are single-mantled. Here such chagars grow: currant, honeysuckle, yalivtsi. Chagarnichki are represented by yagidny species - blackberry, lingonberry. In the middle of the herbs, sour, wintergreen trap.

In Europe, most of the forests are seen in the central zone of yalin foxes, in the Urals - light coniferous foxes from pine splendid, in Siberia and on the Far Skhodі taiga modrina rіdkіsta from cedar stlanіk and Dahurian rhododendron in pіdlіska.

Roslini zones of mixed forests

The Russian plain, the day of Western Siberia, Scandinavia and Scotland, as well as the borders of the village of the Far Skhod, are occupied by zmishani foxes.

Note 2

Foxes are usually called zmishanim, if the house is coniferous or leafy trees to increase $5% and more in the total amount.

From coniferous forests to broad-leaved ones, the thickness and diversity of the dewy light increase as a result of the increase in the density and intensity of biogeochemical processes.

Zmishani foxes of Europe make such breeds - pine, yalin, maple, oak, ash, elm. Podlіsok representations by chagars of bruslin warty, lіshchiny, honeysuckle, viburnum. The grass cover of the swaying forests is folded into ferns and broad grasses. Yelina, yalytsya, beech, maple, oak grow in the wild forests of the Caucasus.

Zmishani foxes of the Far Descent are rich in such species as yak yalin, modrina Gmelina, cedar pine, Mongolian oak, clear Manchurian, rob, mountain Manchurian and others. Likewise, liani of the Amur vineyard, magnolia vine and actinidia grow in such forests. Zmіshanі lisi gіr Pivdenno-Skhіdnoї Azії fold so vidi like yew, yalitsa, modrina, yalina, birch, maple, linden, hemlock. Jasmine, rhododendron, buzok, aralia grow densely near the pіdlіsk.

Roslini forest-steppe

For the forest-steppe, it is typical to draw massifs of leafy forests with plots of steppe grasses. In Europe, on the European territory of Russia, forest-steppes grow broad-leaved foxes (warehouses of oaks, chestnuts, ash and chestnut).

At the borders of the steppe regions of the Khidnoevropeyskoy rivnina, ravine foxes grow. The stench grows along the slopes and the bottom of the lower relief forms, especially the beams, which are otherwise called bayraks. The main breeds of bayrak forests are elm, oak, maple, pear, apple, hornbeam, cherry, clear. Podlіsok warehouses Tatar maple, halo, viburnum, lіshchina, euonymus, steppe cherry and bean. In the regions of Siberia, there are similar forest-steppes of the cold climatic zone - birch-aspen chops.

Appointment 2

Kolka is a small forest near the middle of the river.

Roslini Stepu

The steppes exude great, leafless expanses, as if covered with grassy vegetation. Grasses in the steppe make sucilny or mayzhe sucilny kilim. Here you can see how kovil, fescue, thinnig, vіvtsets are presented. Roslini steppe is dry or active in most waters of the spring period.

See the steppes like this:

• cryoxerophilic or gyrsky;
• mesoxerophilic or radiant (rіznotravnі);
• xerophilous (or the right kovil steppes) with the overdrying of the kovil or other bagator turf grasses;
• haloxerophilic (or sazovі), yakі folded from roslin іz adhering to a dry climate with terrestrial parts and growing, if it is soiled;
• superxerophilous (or desert) steppes, in which desert grasses and dungarees grow, polygon and prutnyak, ephemeri and ephemeroides.

Roslinny svіt hardwood subtropical foxes

Such foxes grow more importantly in the Mediterranean region. Here xerophilic hard-leaved breeds grow from sclerophytous leaves. Cedar trees, pine trees, pine trees, yalivtsi, noble laurel, sunflower tree, wild olive trees, myrtle and trojandi. The canopy of the fox is single-tiered, and the crowns of the trees are wide. The growth of evergreens has a dense chagar.

Roslinny svіt zmіshanih monsoon subtropical forests

Such are the foxes of the taman near the outskirts of Asia, the daily manifestations of the seasonal vіdmіnnosti climatic minds. The floristic warehouse of mixed monsoon forests is even more diverse, there are tens of thousands of species here. Foxes are made by such species as evergreen beeches and oaks, camellias, magnolias, yalits, pines, bamboos, laurels and palms. The density is the greatest in such forests in the equatorial regions, and when far from the equator, in the rivers.

Roslini shroud

Appointment 3

The savannas are expanses in the subequatorial zone, covered with grassy vegetation with rarely scattered trees and chagars.

The shrouds of turns have a dry season. Eurasian savannas are wider on the breeding islands of Hindustan and Indochina. The splendor of the shrouds is represented by tall, hard-leaved grasses, and in flooded areas - by sedges. Villages see a shroud of stunted growth with dry hairy or waxed leaves. The leaves of the trees are creid, hairy, bliskucha (“varnished”) or covered with a waxy coating. At the first meeting of Eurasia, the arranging of massifs and water equatorial forests.

Roslini pustel and napіvpustel

Napіvpustelі and wide empty spaces in the central and western regions of Asia. Growing coverage of these territories of distribution and representations of a mosaic of xerophytic herbs, cereals, polynomials, as well as ephemeris and ephemeroids.

Roslini regions of altitudinal zonality

Eurasia has a wider area of ​​altitudinal zonality. In the Alps, at heights up to $2.4 km, coniferous trees grow, and up to $3.2 km, it is fashionable to grow dwarf trees. The record height for the growth of roslin is $ 4.2 $ km, for the growth of ice dovikovy zhovtets or bekvichia lyodovikov. Gіrskі vidi roslyn mayut pillow-like form, like silence that forget-me-not. Tse protect their species of herbivorous creatures and waste vrati. Also, a rich variety of high-growing views covered with a ball will embellish the warmth of the hairs.

In the Himalayas, swampy jungles are changing in the world with evergreen tropical heights, then leafy and coniferous forests, and alpine bows are still growing. Among the specific species of the Himalayan roslin - the tree butiya mononasіnєva or half-moon fox, is named so for the clear color of the bright-red flowers.