How to build a circuit of a good grounding at a private booth independently

⁰

Correctly breaking the ground loop in a private booth will save you from electric shock damage for an hour.

In the event of a breakdown of the insulation of the battery, a potential appears on the metal case of an ungrounded device. If you hit such an outbuilding, you can take a hit with a strum. In the best time, you “pinch” the troch, and in the worst time, take away serious injuries that are unimaginable from life.

Why is a person using a load? Strum along the path of the least support. And pragne faults at the ground, shards out there may have great electrical power. Therefore, when in contact with an incorrect attachment, your body (which may be about 1 room) becomes the only conductor. How else, how to “propagate” the struma on the lighter path, having secured the hull with the earth, with a metal conductor of a lesser support? In this way, the greater charge is already on the new one.

Crim for safety, grounding allows:

stabilize the work of electrical installations;
protect the attachment from the tension strips;
change the meshes, as well as the intensity of the electromagnetic vibrations of the increased frequency.

Important: It is necessary to ground all the sustainers that work in the form of a voltage line over 42 V and 110 V permanent stream.

Priestry

Grounding circuit and two elements: the grounding itself and conductors. The rest are called, be it as if the parts are attached, as if the electric control is connected to the circuit. As a rule, the whole cable with yellow-green insulation is the same bus, which is laid out at the underside of the shield (RSH). Before grounding, one can see the electrodes and other elements of the lance, which contact without intermediary with the ground and ensure the distribution of the electric charge.

Grounding devices are natural and piece. In the first one, the role of the grounding device is played by the buried parts of the building constructions, and in the other, the conductor is specially crushed. Vіdpovіdno up to the Rules for the construction of electrical installations (PUE), it is necessary to allow for natural grounding. For example, at a private booth, you can have:

casing pipe of the drill hole;
metal pipelines;
armor of power cables;
all metal constructions outside, for example, parkan;
burying of the concrete part of the building (columns and foundations).

If the opir of natural grounding is smaller than the established norms, then it is possible to zastosovuvaty piece. Itself about them today.

Yak correctly razrahuvat

We should determine the conductivity of the earthing worker. Tobto need to vibrate the electrode in such a way that it supports the contour of the buv at the boundaries of the norm. Vіdpovіdno to the position of PUE, the maximum value of the support of the rosette of the grounding device is as follows:

2 Ohm - for line voltage 660/380 dzherel three-phase / single-phase strum;
4 Ohm - for 380/220;
8 Ohm - for 220/127 Art.

The conductivity of the backing structure should be laid down in the area of contact with the ground, as well as the support of the soil. The greater the size of the pins (electrodes), the greater the area of their surface and, therefore, the greater the conductivity and the efficiency of the contour. In order to achieve good characteristics of the grounding extension, it is correct to increase the length of the electrodes, and not the transverse cut. This is even more relevant when fitting the contour in hard grounds, such as sandstone, skelestay ground and others.

So, for the determination of the conductivity of one electrode of a round cut, the following formula is used:

R1 = ρ(ln(2L/d) + 0.5ln(4T+L)/(4T-L))/2ПL,

de d і L is the diameter and bottom of the electrode, T is half the insertion depth of the pin, ln is the natural logarithm, P is constant (3.14), ρ is the root of the ground (Ohm×m).

Pitomy opir ґruntu is also an important parameter. The greater the wine, the greater will be the conduction of the ground loop. The size of the pet support for the singing type of ground can be found in the tables available in the world.

Chim lower petomy opіr ґruntu, tim better contour

Tse tsikavo: In the current cold weather, the ground is sharply growing. The reason for this is that the water froze, even if it was a dielectric. Therefore, in areas with permafrost soils, the depth of grounding can be greater, lower at latitudes with a warm climate.

When installing the grounding circuit, which is accumulated from a number of electrodes, the distribution of the troch is changed. On the back of the head, the opir of the skin-colored pin is prescribed for the formula indicated above. By the end of the year, the showings are summed up with the improvement of the so-called “coefficient of victories”. Rozrahun's formula is as follows:

R = R1/(KN), where R is the leading edge of the contour, N is the number of electrodes, K is the number of taps, R1 is the number of pins.

Rozmir To deposit with electrodes. Moreover, if they gave each other the roztashovanі pins, then it is more possible to enter this coefficient. Electricians should recommend roztashovuvati elektrod on vіdstanі 2.2 vіd їhnoyї dovzhini. In your vipadka K, you can get the following meanings:

when using two electrodes – 0.9–0.92;
trioh - 0.85-0.88;
five - 0.79-0.83.

For the designation of the clay, the laying of the shearers must be speeded up by the formula:

N = R1 / KR, de R - deducting the earlier design reference for the contour, R1 - reference for one pin, K - coefficient of variation.

What are the horizontal parts, what are the pins in one ground loop, their conductivity is not guaranteed here

Select a circuit diagram for a private booth

The circuit of grounding, vikonaniya behind the scheme "trikutnik", є naynadіynishim.

There are a lot of circuits of grounding circuits, and the most popular of them is the electric circuit with a tricotnik (closed circuit). The pins are driven into the ground at three peaks of an equal-sided figure, and on top of them, they are surrounded by a horizontal smog. The main advantage of such a scheme is that if one of the grounding circuits fails, it continues to function.

Stir can be driven into one row (linear scheme). This variant wins out in that case, as for the installation of grounding, one lot of earth was seen. If you ride between yourself with one or two metal tires. On the one hand, the installation of the circuit diagram of the vikonati is much simpler, for those who do not need to make three trenches. However, such a variation of the contour is less desirable. On the right, in the fact that when you go out of tune, if you want one horizontal jumper, the efficiency of the robotic system will sharply deteriorate.

The choice is left up to you, but from the two guesswork schemes, it’s easier to see the victory of the closed configuration of the ground loop. If you don't work earthing behind a linear scheme, add a sprig of electrodes and horizontal smugs. Tse to raise the supremacy of the contour.

Materials and tools for self-preparation

How to electrolytic vicorate rods with materials with high electrical conductivity

Having completed the construction and having drawn the circuit to the ground loop, you can proceed to the purchase of materials. To create a structure with your own hands, you need:

black steel rods with a diameter of 16 mm or larger - vertical electrodes;
steel smuga (tire) with a 5 × 40 mm pere-line - horizontal earthing machine;
mid-wire with a peretina of at least 10 square millimeters - connecting the contour with a rose under the shield;
bolts with a diameter of 10 mm;
black farba for zovn_shnіh robіt chi mastic.

Important: Budіvelna fittings are not suitable for vikoristannya like stridzhnі grounding. On the right, in the fact that the outer ball of such fires of fire, the electric stream is divided unevenly along the cut. And tse, with his blackness, bring metal to ruin. In addition, the fittings are shy to the point of corrosion.

The number and scope of materials are chosen according to the number of roses.

Krіm tsgogo, we need the next tools and that possession:

shovel (rozrobka ґruntu);
zvaryuvalny apparatus (z'ednannya elementіv contour);
Bulgarian (briefing of materials);
pliers (zagin horizontal smuga);
a sledgehammer and a perforator with a special nozzle for rods (driving in vertical electrodes).

Hid roboty (from photo)

Vybіr mіstsya and rozrobka ґruntu

Dig trenches under the contour near the booth. So, you won’t get to repeat the trench until wake up

We need to choose a place, de-rostashovuvatimetya ground loop. In order to speed up the work as soon as possible and waste materials, the installation of the grounding outbuilding should follow the order of the budding house.

After the choice of the place, the earthlings work. We take a shovel and dig a trench. There will be three of them, so we can work the circuit behind the “equilateral tricoutnik” scheme. The depth and width of the trench may be bigger than a pivmeter, and the dove - indicative of a rozrahunka. It is also necessary to dig a hole in the nearest top of the trikutnik to the power shield.

Folding ground loop

If the soil is not homogeneous, then use a perforator to drive the pins

The back is ready for vertical grounding. Narizaemo їkh for the help of a Bulgarian woman, it’s possible to get rozrahunk’s tribute. Potim kіntsі shtirіv stochuєmo pіd cone. To be afraid of that, so that the electrode is easier to enter near the ground.
Let's sweat the steel smog. The dozhina of the skin vein may be a troch larger than the side of the tricot (approximately 20–30 centimeters). Kіntsі smug bazhano zzadalegіd rounded with pliers for schіlny contact zі shtiryami pіd h zvaryuvalnyh robіt.
We take the preparation of the pins and hammer them at the tops of the tricutnik. If the earth is fed and the electrodes are easy to enter, then you can use a sledgehammer. But if the thickness of the soil is great, or the stones are often trawled, then it will be possible to beat a hard perforator or to drill the drills of the Sverdlovin. The shears are hammered in so that the stench protrudes over the base of the trench by about 20-30 centimeters.
We gave a metal smuga of 40 × 5 millimeters, and it was pleasantly welded to the stitches. As a result, you have a contour like a equilateral tricot.
Now we are working to bring the contour to wake up. For whom so vikoristovuemo smugu. Її it is necessary to bring in and fix the white walls (if possible, near the rose shield).

It is good to weld the bolt to the busbar, so that, in view of the quality of the contact, lie down on the ground loop

Protect weld seams from corrosion. Fill the space for the construction of the elements in the contour and the appearance of the tire to be a black farboa for the best workers. Other parts of the grounding outbuilding cannot be covered!

All the zvarnі z'єdnannya are guilty buti pofarbovani, so that tsі mіstsya the most sill before ruining

After the installation of the earthing circuit, the booth is filled with a trench with the same soil without any crushing of crushed stone. It is recommended to zastosovuvat schіlnі odnіdnі dіbno-grained warehouses for these purposes.

Video instruction for installation of the ground loop

Z'ednannya with a shield

In order to connect the circuit to the electrical panel, it is necessary to vicorate the copper with a 10-square-millimeter retina. Screw one yogo end until the earthing worker is removed, and the other end is screwed to the power shield. Before the speech, as if the RSC of rotting at the booth, then for the grounding of the mortgage, you can beat that very smuga, and the bolted passage of the viconate is already in the middle of the place.

In a private booth, the ground loop is connected to the TN-C-S or TT circuit

Here, too, varto turn respect for the circuit for connecting the circuit to the shield. In private booths, electricity is most often covered by lines (PL) behind the TN-C grounding system. In this scheme, the neutral is the dzherel and the zahisny conductor of the union. So the phase wire (L) goes up to the shield and the "zero" and "earth" confusions (PEN-conductor). Therefore, when the circuit is connected to the electrical installation, the TN-C system needs to be converted to TN-C-S, which has a PEN conductor subdivided into a zero working (N) and a null conductor (PE) conductors. At this moment, three darts come to the rescue: “phase”, okremo “zero” and “earth”.

How can I connect the booths to the grounding outbuilding behind the TN-C-S system? It's easy to fight. To remove a three-wire electrical wiring with an okremy zahisniy conductor, it is necessary in the switchgear to vikonate the following:

Install a metal tire at the shield (you can get it from any electrical store). Let's hit it with the middle dart from the RSH corps. Tse will be a grounding bus PE.
It is connected to the bus PE confusion PEN conductor, which is the source of liveliness.
Let's work on the jumper between the grounding bus and the zero working conductor N, the bus of which may be insulated from the underside of the shield.
For example, the phase wire is connected to the okrema bus, as it is not connected to the RSH case.

You can connect the alarm to the circuit in another way - behind the TT system. In this mood, it is not necessary to add anything. The phase conductor is connected to the isolated bus, and the summ_sny PEN conductor from the lifeline sits on the other side of the bus and is considered "zero". Well, the body of the shield is connected from the grounding outbuildings. In this way, when connected to the circuit behind the TT circuit, the pins do not electrically communicate with the PEN conductor. The only disadvantage of such a connection is the need to install additional outbuildings, for example, ELVs.

Reconstruction of the grounding support

Vimiryuvannya support roztіkannu grounding zdіysnyuєtsya behind the help of a trusted attachment F4103-M1

After installation and connection to the circuit, it is necessary to change the language in order to protect you from the attack with an electric jet. For this next, carry out a vimiryuvannya support of the rosette of the struma and metal binding.

As it was conceived earlier, it is valid until PUE 1.7.101 of the earthing outbuilding, at any hour of the year, it is not to blame for changing 2, 4, 8 ohms at line voltages of 660, 380, and 220 dzherel three-phase struma or 380, 220 and 127 V. To control the contour, you need a special attachment F4103-M1. Koshtuє vin is expensive, there is no way to bathe yoga. It's easier to ask for a spivrobitnikiv from the energy department or an electrical laboratory, so that you can get a passport and a protocol for the grounding facility. If the opir contour exceeds the norm, then it will be possible to score additional lines.

Vimiryuvannya support metalozv'yazku allows you to signify the presence of a lance between the grounding and grounding elements. This parameter is measured by the F4104-M1 microohmmeter. Vіdpovіdno up to PTEEP p. 28.5 the transitional opіr is not guilty but more than 0.05 ohm. If we opir the metal connection, we will be beyond the norm, then we will have to re-verify all the bolts and the construction of the elements in the contour.

Well, before the periodicity of the re-verification, I will become grounding outbuildings, it will be determined by the schedule of planned and preventive work. Yogo zatverzhuє tehnіchny kerіvnik spozhivacha. Vіdpovіdno up to clause 2.7.9. PTEEP, a visual inspection of the most important grounding elements should be carried out at least once a day. And looking around from the vibrating rosette of the earth - once every 12 years.

Important: Opir contour may be lower than the norm of ciliary river, so the grounding should be changed during dry weather or frosts (if the soil is opir ґruntu zbіlshuєtsya).

The most wide-ranging pardons at the hour of vikonanny robit

Pardons, which are not allowed when blocking the circuit of the zahisnoy grounding in a private booth:

As you have tried to turn to the installers for help, it is necessary to switch over to the fact that the stench of victorious only suitable materials. On the right, in the fact that a lot of organizations try to save on electrodes and dig into the ground shtiry with low conductivity, for example, rusty fittings. And tse, as you already know, strongly pogіrshu zahisnі authority contour or to rob yoga marnim.
Powerful grounding on the great windstan in the wake of life. The circuit does not become unsafe for a person, so it should be installed closer to the booth. І bazhano, schob zamlyuvach roztashovuvavsya at the vologu mіstsі. Adzhe water will improve the conductivity, which will lead to a more swedish zamikannya of the lansyug and a mitten spratsovuvannya of the zahisnoy equipment.
Z'ednannya grounding circuit with bliskavkozakhistom. If your little shield does not have a UZIP attachment installed, a kind of lancet flashing at the time of overcharging, then a great strum in the bliskavkopriymach can bring the electric control out of the way, or the RSC itself.

The contour of the zahisnogo grounding - obov'yazkovy zakhіd bezpeki with vikoristannye elektrichnіh priladіchnі priladіv v privat budinku. If you have violated the work of grounding independently, then follow all the work in accordance with the supremely important rules and recommendations. At the same time, do not forget about the safety equipment for an hour of work with zvaryuvannyam and power plants.