Main documents from power to ground

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The organization of protective grounding for the sake of waiting until obov'yazykovyh procedures, regulated by dyuchy normative acts and sovereign standards (GOST). The main documents that determine the order of work, which are to be signed when it is necessary to replace the main vimogi to grounding, are the Rules for the Attachment of Electrical Installations (PUE) and PTEEP. The relevant provisions of these rules also affect the organization and organization of maintenance of grounding systems (including electrical testing).

Vimogi to grounding outbuildings (ZP)

Vіdpovіdno to vymog normativіv be-yakі deyuchі electrical installations due to be protected by a special grounding circuit (ZK), to the warehouse of which to enter such an obov'yazkova warehouse, like a grounding. Remaining selective construction with metal elements, which secure the surface contact with the ground and saturate the rosette in it.

Tsya spore (part of the ground), as a rule, is prepared from streum-conducting elements (metal rods, pipe blanks or standard profiles), which are buried in the ground on a deep clay. The rules of obshtuvannya of such constructions are transferred, that only steel and copper, but not aluminum and other metals can be prepared for them.

These rules cover and possible design options for the grounding device, as well as establish the validity of their indications, which are normalized for PUE.

Opir

One of the main indications of the efficiency of robotic grounding is the electrical support of the system as a whole, which is based on paragraph 7.1.101 of the PUE (seen in the commemorative version of 2016) cannot exceed the following values:

for transformer substations 6-35 kilovolts and live generators - no more than 4 Ohm;
for living facilities with a voltage of 220 or 380 Volts - no more than 30 ohms.

Opіr grounding can be regulated by special methods, which transfer the victory of offensive operations:

Zbilshennya of the ethnic fluid of the throatcena of the metal design for the Rahunok turned on to the warehouse of the non -aged kilkosti dodatkovikh elemente;
increase of petroconductivity in the zone of distribution to the ground contour by means of a way to the ground of distribution of salt warehouses near the water;
the shortest period of time for the laying of lines, such as grounding conductors are laid in the installation, which is protected, and the separate shafts from the GZSH at the bik ZU.

Krіm tsgogo, zahisnі power of the system of grounding to fallow and in terms of the characteristics of the soil in the field of plowing the grounding.

The power of the soil

Another indicator of the efficiency of grounding robots is the size of the struma sinking into the ground, as it is also laid down by the regulatory exchange, which are subject to the relevant points of the PUE. The value of this parameter is determined by the storage of the soil in the area of grounding, as well as to lie down at the same temperature.

It is practically installed, what is the optimal mind, what is the safest way to effectively spread the strum in the glass and allow the construction of the grounding, which is located in the ground, to be created in special soils. Tse ґrunti, scho mіstjat clay, loam or peat'yanі skladovі. For the obviousness of the significance of the components and the high water content of the soil, wash the soil for roztіkannya struma in the field of glazing, grounding, and are considered ideal.

Grounding systems (GS)

Vіdpovіdno to the main provisions of the PUE, and the working possession can be organized in dekіlkom in ways that lie in the scheme of switching on the neutral of the transformer substation. According to the sign, a small number of types of grounding systems are distinguished, which are indicated in accordance with the generally accepted rules. The basis of this classification is based on the Latin symbols “T” and “N”, which means the neutral of the transformer grounded at the substation.

Add to the meaning of the letters S and C є with abbreviations in the English words common - head gasket and select - separate. The stinks show on the method of organizing a grounding conductor on the whole length of the life line from the substation to the rescue (in the first case - confusion PEN, and in the other - separate PE and N). Combined through the hyphen "C-S" means that on the active part of the route the grounding conductor is connected with a working "zero", and on the space that is left out, the stench is laid okremo.

For mobile use

Establish and іnshі systems of organization of protective grounding (TT and IT, for example), like a vicorous neutral conductor as a “zero” one, and transfer the lining of a repeated grounding on the side of the spozhivacha. In the first direction, the neutral at the substation is deafly grounded, and in the other direction it does not come anywhere. The number of options for turning on neutrals are rarely and less often in quiet weather, if it is necessary to re-ground mobile electrical installations (for mind, it’s even more complicated on the side of the generator).

Vіdpovіdno to GOST 16556-81 for resuvny elektroobdnannya vikoristovuєtsya razglyana higher IT system, when realіzії yakої for spozhivacha organіzuetsya re-grounding. This standard includes the technical characteristics and parameters of the RFP, which are time-dependent in the zone of future work.

The sign and color marking of the elements of the ZS

According to GOST R 50462, conductors and electric lines from a grounded neutral are assigned to the marking “PE” with additional dashed lines from yellow and green men, which are interspersed, at the end of the lines. The order from the tire of the working “zero” is indicated by a black color and marked as “N”.

In these schemes, de zero working conductors vicorist as an element of grounding grounding with connections to the grounding attachment, when the vicor is recognized, a black color is formed. At the same time, the “PEN” marking is assigned to them and yellow and green strokes are added, which are drawn, on the end plots of the scheme designations.

It is necessary to designate that the suvora dotrimannya all provisions that could DSTU and PUE allow the safe organization of the safe operation of the obvious possession of the yogi.