Project for the recovery and shortage of fluorescent lamps. Fluorescent lamps in the area of ​​stagnation are of great importance and short supply. De stagnation of fluorescent lamps

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At the end of the 2009 leaf fall, the president signed the federal law (N 261-FZ) on energy conservation and increased energy efficiency. This law, by extension, prohibits the use of both heating lamps and establishes the possibility of labeling goods to ensure their energy efficiency. According to the document, from 2011 it is planned to introduce production and sales in the Russian Federation of ignition lamps with a power of 100 W or more, from 2013 - a power of 75 W or more, and from 2014 - a power of 25 V t. Nowadays, it is important to highlight the rules for recycling waste energy-saving lamps.

In this way, no matter what we want, otherwise we will soon have to switch to energy-saving lamps. Once again, she barks and cries out in disbelief. Is it so scary? Let's try to get married!

(Slide 1) Fluorescent lamps Use your robot to use the principle of electric discharge in a gas-filled center, like other gas-discharge lamps.

Back in 1856, Heinrich Geissler was the first to conduct an electric stream through gas, breaking through it with the help of a solenoid included in the lance. The process is accompanied by a blue light glass tube filled with gas. At the same time, a standard circuit for switching on a gas-discharge lamp was implemented - to stop the voltage drop that breaks through the gas and causes a discharge, which becomes a prototype of the current electromagnetic ballast - the inductive support of the solenoid.

Fluorescent lamps are produced as primary gas-discharge lamps, because the core of the light in them is not the discharge itself, but a second generation, which is created by special coatings on the bulb - the phosphor. This speech is visible to visible light under the infusion of ultraviolet light - invisible to the eye. By changing the phosphor storage, you can change the color of the light used. The phenomenon of luminescence has been visible to people for a long time, dating back to the seventeenth century. However, practical interest began to emerge only from the end of the 19th century.

(Slide 3) It would not have happened here without the tireless and rich winemaker Thomas Edison, who, after seeing the “way to life” of the frying lamp, sank into other principles of light development and in 1893 presented it at the World Exhibition and in Chicago an electric fluorescent lamp.

1894 rock M.F. Moore created a lamp in which he mixed nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which produced a rye-white light. This lamp is a small success.

(Slide 4) In 1901, Peter Cooper Huitt demonstrated a mercury lamp that produced a light blue-green color, and was therefore unacceptable for practical purposes.

When replaced by heating lamps, fluorescent lamps did not reach a wide range - they were difficult to prepare, expensive, cumbersome, gave uneven light and did not need to be well-prepared. The first to make their way were gas-discharge lamps, in which, to remove the visible light, gases (nitrogen and carbon dioxide) filled the flask and added metal vapors (mercury and sodium).

The practical use of stagnant fluorescent lamps has been abandoned since 1926, when the development of chemical technologies made it possible to create a fluorescent powder that vibrates with high energy equal to light with a spectrum close to special light.

(Slide 5) Therefore, Edmund Germer is considered the maker of the daylight lamp, who developed the first lamp for serial production.

The gas-discharge lamp has a greater pressure of gases, and the walls of the flask are coated in the middle with powder. Germer's patent was added to the fame of General Electric, which until 1938, under the leadership of George E. Inman, brought daylight lamps to widespread commercial use. Purchasing fluorescent lamps was a necessity among commercial firms and industrial enterprises, and in the workplaces of clerks and lighting bench operators, lighting was more natural and less costly we love our eyes.

Thus, fluorescent lamps have abandoned their use due to enormous additions. It turned out that fluorescent lamps are much more economical than frying lamps - due to their brightness, however, they require only a small amount of electricity. This longer term of service richly pays for its daily travel.

Features of connection.

According to electrical engineering, a fluorescent lamp is a device with a negative support (as more current passes through it, its support falls). Therefore, when directly connected to the electrical circuit, the lamp will quickly come out through the large stream that passes through it. To avoid this, the lamps are connected through a special device (ballast).
(Slide 6) In the simplest case, there may be a primary resistor, but such a ballast consumes a significant amount of energy. To reduce these costs when using lamps, a reactive support (a capacitor or an inductance coil) can be used as a ballast.
At this hour of greatest expansion, two types of ballasts have emerged - electromagnetic and electronic.

Electromagnetic ballast.

(Slide 7) An electromagnetic ballast is an inductive support (choke) that is connected in series with the lamp. To start a lamp with this type of ballast, a starter is required. The advantages of this type of ballast are its simplicity and low cost. Not long enough - a very difficult start-up (take 1-3 seconds, the hour increases as the lamp wears out), more energy is saved in comparison with the electronic ballast. The throttle can also produce low-frequency hum. In business, you especially don’t pay attention to the quiet buzz that fluorescent lamps accompany your work. There is noise and without any noise. And the axis of the house, in peace and quiet, can be heard by the unpleasant hum of the core of the electromagnetic ballast. As the fluorescent lamps begin to hum more intensely, their light may cease to be equal - they burn out, the luminophore loses its power after dimming, and the lamp switches off "pulsuvati". The frequency of the alternating stream wears on the human eye.

Between overinsurance and shortfalls, we can mean one more thing. When guarding an object that wraps or oscillates at a frequency equal to or a multiple of the frequency of multi-fluorescent lamps with electromagnetic ballast, such objects are rendered indestructible through the strobing effect. For example, this effect can be caused by the spindle of a turning or drilling bench, a circular saw, a kitchen mixer, a knife block of a vibrating electric razor, etc.
To prevent injury at the production site, vicoristic fluorescent lamps are used to illuminate parts of the worktops and mechanisms that collapse, without additional illumination by frying lamps.

Also, it was far from possible to buy fluorescent lamps for the home right up to the mid-80s of the 20th century. What has changed? Progress does not stand still. The development of electronics has made it possible to create electronic ballasts.

Electronic ballast.

(Slide 8) An electronic ballast is an electronic circuit that converts the edge voltage into a high-frequency (20-60 kHz) alternating current that powers the lamp. The advantages of such ballast are thickness and noise, greater compact size and less weight, combined with electromagnetic ballast. When the electronic ballast is removed, it is possible to prevent the lamp from being started up (cold start), otherwise this mode is indicated on the lamp service life, and the circuit with the electrodes being warmed up in advance for 0.5-1 seconds (soft start) is stuck. The lamp is then ignited by shutting down, this mode allows you to increase the lamp service life.

The miniaturization of electronic components has led to the fact that the electronic ballast can now fit into the volume of a blueberry box. (Slide 9) In addition, as a result of the creation of highly stable high-density phosphors, it became possible to develop compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for use in households (for home lighting).

It was possible to significantly change the diameter of the discharge tube. Since there is a need to reduce the dimensions of the lamps in dovzhin, this task was accomplished by cutting the tubes into many short sections, extended in parallel and connected to each other by curved sections of the tube, or by welded glass pipes.

(Slide 10) Energy saving lamps (ESL) is a variety of low-pressure gas-discharge lamps, and also compact fluorescent lamps. However, energy-saving lamps can perform just as well as traditional CFLs without using ballasts.
Energy-saving lamps are made up of several main parts.

Base Energy-saving lamps can be made from metalized plastic, but most often they are made from copper and alloys.

Kovba.(Slide 11) The bulb of the energy-saving lamp contains a tube sealed on both sides, filled with mercury vapor and argon. In the middle of the surface of the tube there is a ball of phosphor. The two lower ends of the tube have rotating electrodes.
The electrode of the energy-saving lamp has a triple spiral coated with an oxide ball. This ball itself gives the electrodes their power to create the flow of electrons (thermoelectrode emishia).
Most often, in energy-saving lamps, trismagic phosphors are used - this creates optimal combination of good color transfer and good light output.

How does the flask work? When voltage is applied to the electrodes, a heating stream begins to flow through them. This stream heats up the electrodes to the core of the thermoelectrode emesis. When the surface temperature reaches the desired temperature, the electrode begins to release a flow of electrons. In this case, the electrode that transmits electrons is called the cathode, and the electrode that receives the anode. Electrons, colliding with mercury atoms, produce ultraviolet vibration (UV vibration), which, when absorbed by the phosphor, are converted to visible light. The process of introducing a flow of electrons into mercury atoms is called impact ionization. Electrons, colliding with mercury atoms, knock out the outermost electron from their orbit, converting the mercury molecule into an important ion. As electrons collapse in line with the electric field, the vector of which is straight from the anode to the cathode, they collapse in line with the vector of the electric field. That. As soon as the electrode switches to cathode mode, it begins to bombard important mercury ions, destroying the oxide ball. Particles of the oxide sphere react with the gas that fills the flask, burn and settle on the flask near the electrode. It is not possible to vikoristovat the constant voltage of the CFL, because. One electrode will initially be the anode, and the other will be the cathode, which means that the remaining one will be destroyed in two days. The oxide ball significantly reduces the support of the electrode, which means that when it is damaged, the support of the electrode increases. Visually, the final stage of the electrode alignment process looks like this. The energy-saving lamp starts up with very heavy seals. The light stream is growing noticeably. After a short time, the energy-saving lamp goes out of order.
In principle, during the operation of the flask, there is an intense, chaotic flow of electrons and ions. Therefore, the phosphor ball is still thin before it collapses, and over time the light output of the lamp decreases. Warto note that mercury vapor accumulates in the flask, and mercury is a very toxic substance. On the other hand, there is very little mercury in the flask (a little more than 3 mg, which is a hundred times less than that of a household thermometer).
The gas in the middle of the flask is under a very low pressure, and a slight change in the temperature of the medium leads to a change in the pressure in the middle of the flask and, as a result, to a decrease in the light flow. To change the temperature level of the excess core, the chambers of the distillers use an amalgam instead of mercury (combining mercury with metal), to make the light flow more stable.

Ballast.(Slide 12) The start -up Aparate Abo Balast is a svitlotechnic virib, for the pre -mowing of the yaki resilient of the Live of the gas -rifle lamps of the Electricho Merezhi, the non -okydni regions of the shirt, the rosigriva of the Roboti of the gas -growing lamps. As has already been said above, today’s energy-saving lamps have an electronic ballast.
Main functional elements of ballast:
- Defender;
- Vipryamlyach;
– over-degraded filter;
- RF generator;
- starting circuit;
- RTS;
– Amnesty filter for life monitoring.

The ballast is supplied simply by an electronic device, based on active elements.
The main element of the electronic ballast is an RF generator, or more precisely a blocking generator with a transformer positive gate coupling. The main element of the generator is two transistors, which perform the function of RF switches. The correct choice of transistors determines the reliability and service life of the generator. The main purpose of the generator is to convert the constant voltage into an alternating voltage 320V 50KHz (the voltage and frequency values ​​lie in the generator, the voltage of the lamp and the design of the ballast). This voltage reduces the wear of the electrodes and reduces the pulsations of the light flow (stroboscopic effect).
A constant voltage flows to the input of the generator from a double-period rectifier implemented on 4 diodes. After straightening, the constant voltage shape is far from ideal and has a pulsation value. To change these pulsations, use the ems filter as an electrolyte. Since the generator vibrates HF voltage (50KHz), it is necessary to turn off the HF transcode signal at the time of operation. For this reason, the filter is too dry. V is the sum of the inductor and capacitor.
The voltage from the HF generator goes through the starting circuit (PC) to the electrode pins.
A PC is required to prevent high voltage from starting the lamp. It is unacceptable to supply too much power to the electrical power, because... This speeds up the process of electrode degradation. For greater primus heating of the electrodes, use a PTC posistor (a thermistor with a positive temperature coefficient). This will delay the start of the lamp for 2-3 seconds.
The process of starting the energy-saving lamp is as follows. The moment voltage is applied to the lamp, the RF generator starts. The HF begins to vibrate. The RF generator voltage is connected to the PC. Warming fluid begins to flow through the electrode of the RTS. The starting throttle accumulates energy. To achieve a sufficient starting voltage (approximately 1000V), it is necessary to increase the circuit to resonance with the RF generator. A cold RTS shunts the starting circuit and prevents it from reaching resonance. As soon as a warming stream flows through the RTS, the temperature of the RTS begins to rise, and therefore continues to increase. At this point, the RTS operation becomes high, so that it stops shunting the starting circuit. At this point the electrics had already warmed up. The PC enters resonance with the HF generator and a trigger voltage is generated, which creates a discharge in the lamp bulb. The lamp starts up. As stated earlier, stagnation of the RTS significantly reduces the wear of the electrodes and improves the service life of the lamp. The use of the RTS depends on the individual choice of the skin source, otherwise the lamp will not last more than 6000 hours without the RTS.
Varto means another important element of the ballast - the devotee. Improperly folded components may cause a short circuit (SC) or burning of the energy-saving lamp. It is important to make energy-saving lamps fire-safe and protect life from short circuits. Zastosuvannaya zabozhnik is an additional, but not the main approach to security. The main point of safety is to ensure high-quality installation and drying of acidic components.

(Slide 13)Advantages of energy-saving lamps.

Saving electricity. The light output coefficient of an energy-saving lamp is even higher and the light output is approximately 5 times greater than that of a traditional frying lamp. For example, an energy-saving light bulb with a density of 20 W creates a light flow that is comparable to the light flow of a standard 100 W refrigeration lamp. Therefore, such energy-saving lamps allow you to save 80% without sacrificing the brightness of the hospital room for you. Moreover, during regular operation of an emergency light bulb, the light flow changes over time through the hot tungsten filament, which brightens the room better and saves energy. There aren't many lamps like this.

Trival term of service. Compared to traditional ignition lamps, energy-saving lamps last longer. The original light bulbs come out through a burnt tungsten filament. Energy-saving lamps, which have a different design and a fundamentally different principle of operation, last longer than frying lamps on average 5-15 times. This is approximately 5 to 12 thousand years of working lamps (the service life of the working lamp is indicated by the manufacturer and indicated on the packaging). Due to the fact that energy-saving lamps serve for a long time and do not require frequent replacement, they are easy to install in places where the process of replacing light bulbs is difficult, for example, in rooms with high stands or in chandeliers with and folding structures, where to replace the light bulb you have to disassemble the housing itself chandelier. .

Low heat output. Due to the high corrosive efficiency of energy-saving lamps, all the wasted electricity is converted into light flow, during which energy-saving lamps see very little heat. In some chandeliers and lamps, it is not safe to have original light bulbs that are not heated, because the high amount of heat can melt the plastic part of the socket, the embedded parts, or the body itself, which can cause it to burn. Therefore, energy-saving lamps simply need to be used in lamps, chandeliers and sconces with temperature control.

Great light output. In the original roasting lamp, the light comes out only from the tungsten filament. The energy-saving lamp glows over its entire area. Therefore, the light from an energy-saving lamp comes out softer and more evenly, is easier on the eyes and is easier to spread across the area.

Vibir Bazhanogo koloru. Due to the different shades of phosphor that cover the body of the light bulb, energy-saving lamps exhibit different colors of light flow, which may be lighter, cooler, daylight, etc. d.

(Slide 14)Few energy saving lamps.

The only significant disadvantage of energy-saving lamps compared to traditional lamps is their high price. The price of an energy-saving light bulb is 10-20 times higher than the original frying light bulb. It’s not for nothing that an energy-saving light bulb is called an energy-saving light bulb. Insurance savings on electricity with the use of these lamps and their service life, as a result, the use of energy-saving lamps will become more effective.

Another feature of the use of energy-saving lamps is that it is necessary to address their shortage. The energy-saving lamp is filled with mercury vapor in the middle. Mercury is important because it is not carelessly cut off. It’s really unsafe to break out such lamps near the apartment and its surroundings. Be extra careful when dealing with them. For the same reasons, energy-saving lamps can be considered environmentally unfriendly, so they require special disposal, and disposal of such lamps is, in fact, prohibited. I’m afraid that when the store sells energy-saving lamps, the seller doesn’t explain where they should go next.

What should you pay attention to when purchasing energy-saving lamps?

(Slide 15)Tension. Energy-saving lamps are manufactured with different intensity. The pressure range varies from 3 to 90 W. Please note that the energy-saving lamp has a high light output and the light output is approximately 5 times greater than that of a traditional frying lamp. Therefore, when choosing an energy-saving lamp, you need to follow the rules - divide the intensity of the original heating lamp by five. If you have installed a primary 100 W light bulb in your chandelier or lamp, you will only need to add an energy-saving 20 W light bulb.

(Slide 16) Color of light. Energy-saving lamps in buildings should be lit in different colors. This characteristic is indicated by the color temperature of the energy-saving lamp.

The widest range of compact fluorescent lamps is color temperature 2700K, 3300K, 4200K, 5100K, 6400K.

Typical color temperature ranges at maximum light output of current fluorescent lamps with rich globe phosphors:

• 2700 K – warmer and lighter.
• 4200 K – daylight.
• 6400 K – colder and lighter.

The lower the color temperature characteristic of an energy-saving lamp, the color spectrum shifts to red, and the higher the color spectrum shifts to blue. In such a situation, it is better to experiment with selecting the required color, first replace all the light bulbs in the apartment with one color. Choose the color you need, depending not only on the features of the interior of your apartment or office, but also on the features of your environment and the environment of the people who will host you. It’s just that the color that is created by an energy-saving light bulb changes like a light bulb from a frying light bulb, and many people can’t immediately ring the bell because the color selection is incorrect. For houses and apartments, it is recommended to use warm colors – soft white color (warmth of the day).

(Slide 17) Colorful and special lamps. A range of lamps with shades of white, intended for ambient lighting, are also produced:

Lamps with colored phosphor (red, yellow, green, black, blue, violet) - for light design, artistic lighting of walls, windows, display cases.

This is the so-called “meat” lamp with a red phosphor - for illuminating displays of meat products, which increases their appeal.

Ultraviolet lamps - for night illumination and disinfection in medical facilities, barracks, etc., as well as “black light” for light design in night clubs, in discos, etc.

(Slide 18) Type and size. Energy-saving lamps come in two basic shapes: U-shaped and spiral-shaped. In principle, there is no difference between these types of lamps; the difference lies only in size. U-like lamps are simple from the manufacturer, cheaper for spiral-like lamps, and a few more in size. When purchasing such lamps, you must first determine whether a U-shaped energy-saving lamp is installed in your chandelier or wall lamp. Spiral-shaped lamps are more difficult to make, they are a little more expensive for U-shaped lamps, but they have traditional dimensions like those of light bulbs, and as a result, they fit all light fixtures, before light bulbs were stuck. Yuvannya.

Base type. Energy-saving lamps, like traditional frying light bulbs, have different types of bases. Most of the light fittings are insured for the E27 base. But there are the same fittings as the E14 base. If your chandelier has a large light bulb screwed into it, then the base is E27. If you have a lamp with a small or medium light bulb, then perhaps the base is E14.

(Slide 19) All characteristics of energy-saving lamps are written on the packaging. For example, the writing ESS-02A 20W E27 6400K on the packaging of a DeLux light bulb means that the lamp has a power of 20 W, with a large base (E27), and produces a cooler white light (6400K).

The main advantages of fluorescent lamps over frying lamps. Parameters of the types of fluorescent lamps, rules for their disposal and particularities of labeling. Launch and connection, the sphere of stagnation. History and principle of work. Reasons for going out of tune.

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The presentation includes the following nutrition:
- types of light-emitting diode, fluorescent and induction lamps;
- robotic principle;
- advantages and shortcomings;
- Uniform characteristics of LED, fluorescent and induction lamps.

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Elektrichnі dzherela svetla Robot vikonav student of group SD-21 Ivanov Evgen, vikladach Krivonosova N.V. LED, fluorescent and induction lamps. Their advantages and shortcomings

Fluorescent lamps A fluorescent lamp is a gas-discharge source of light, in which an electric discharge in mercury vapor creates ultraviolet vibration, which transforms into visible light with the help of a phosphor - mixing phosphorus other elements. The light output of a fluorescent lamp is many times greater than that of frying lamps of similar intensity. The term for the service of fluorescent lamps can be 10 times greater than the term for the service of frying lamps to ensure sufficient power supply, ballast and pre-trimming between switching on and soaking.

The greatest width of gas-discharge mercury lamps of high and low pressure. high pressure lamps are installed mainly in street lighting and in lightening installations of great intensity; Low-pressure lamps should be installed to illuminate living and storage areas. Low-pressure gas-discharge mercury lamp (GRLND) - a glass tube with a phosphor ball applied to the inner surface, filled with argon under a pressure of 400 Pa and mercury (or amalgam). Plasma displays are also a type of fluorescent lamp.

Advantages and disadvantages The popularity of fluorescent lamps is due to their advantages (over frying lamps): significantly greater light output (a 20 W fluorescent lamp gives the same brightness as a 100 W frying lamp) and greater CCD; proximity to the natural spectrum of the lamp; diversity of light shades; Russians are light; a long service life (2000-20,000 years per cycle per 1000 for frying lamps), ensuring sufficient power supply, ballast and recirculation for the duration of switching on and off (therefore it is not recommended to permanently sovuvat in the places of zagalny koristuvannya with car switches with ruhu sensors ). Before you add enough: chemical safety (LL mix mercury at a dose of 10 mg to 1 g); uneven, linear spectrum, unacceptable to the eyes and interferes with the color of lightening objects, degradation of the luminophore over time leads to a change in the spectrum, a change in light output and as a result of a decrease KKD LL; the intermediate lamp with a sub-frequency measure of vitality is the presence of additional pressure for starting the lamp - the ballast has a very low lamp load factor - such lamps are not suitable for electrical installations

Light LED lamps Light LED lamps or light LED luminaires are used to produce light-colored light-emitting diodes to be used for household, industrial and street lighting. The LED lamp has one of the most environmentally friendly light sources. The principle of light-emitting diodes allows the use of safe components in the production and operation of the lamp itself. Light-emitting diode lamps do not remove liquids that remove mercury, which does not cause problems at any time when it comes out of order or ruins. The completed devices are separated - lamps and elements for lamps - replacement lamps. The LED lamp is a self-contained device. The lamp body is most often unique, specially designed for a single lighting fixture. Structurally, such a lamp consists of a housing, a LED light source and an electronic driver (reversing life).

All types of lamps can be divided into three groups: LED lamps for streets, parks, roads, for architectural lighting. It is built in a waterproof and saw-proof body, in addition, the body plays a vital role in heat conduction and is made from materials that conduct heat well. Lamps for industrial purposes, housing and communal services and offices. Such lamps are often manufactured in anti-vandal glass, equipped with a special screw and special self-tapping screws that protect the body from unauthorized removal. The current anti-vandal lamps for housing and communal services are made from polycarbonate material, which has been used dozens of times over traditional standards. Lamps for everyday use are usually produced in a low-pressure range, but must satisfy numerous needs up to the point of lighting, electrical safety, fire safety and, in the slightest, up to a modern appearance. Most everyday lamps use replaceable lamps.

Advantages and Disadvantages The advantage of the LED lamp is low energy consumption, a trivial service life of 30,000 to 50,000 or more years, ease of installation, lower body temperature in line with the roasting lamp, so - high brightness, high mechanical value, most often - . Light LED lamps are well suited for illuminating museums and rarities, since the spectrum of the lamp does not interfere with ultraviolet storage. The main drawback is the high price. In addition, when any element goes out of order, the lamp most often needs to be replaced with a similar one. These shortcomings are often compensated by energy savings, savings on maintenance (replacement of lamps), which is especially relevant for street lighting.

An induction lamp is an electric light source whose operating principle is based on electromagnetic induction and gas discharge to generate visible light. In fact, it is a thorough modification of a fluorescent lamp, the main advantage of which is the electrodeless design - the presence of thermal cathodes and heating threads, which significantly increases the temperature In service.

Principle of operation An induction lamp consists of three main parts: a gas discharge tube, the inner surface of which is coated with a phosphor, a magnetic ring or a ferrite rod with an induction coil, an electronic ballast (high-voltage generator) frequency stream). There are two possible types of design of induction lamps in terms of induction: External induction: a magnetic ring is moved around the tube. Internal induction: magnetic shearing of the expansion in the middle of the flask. Two types of designs of induction lamps based on the method of placing the electronic ballast: Induction lamp with a fixed ballast Induction lamp with an inducted ballast The electronic ballast vibrates a high-frequency stream that flows through induction no contact with the magnetic ring or hairpin. An electromagnet and an induction coil create a gas discharge in a high-frequency electromagnetic field, and under the infusion of ultraviolet stimulation, the discharge is illuminated by the phosphor. Structurally, the operating principle of the lamp is a transformer, consisting of a primary winding with a high-frequency jet and a secondary winding with a gas discharge generated in a glass tube.

Main Advantages and Disadvantages Extremely trivial service term (up to 18 hours of continuous operation) Light output is over 80-160 lm/W, to equalize with LED lamps 90-120; High CCD (0.9); change in light flux until the end of the service term by 10-15% (for light-emitting diodes, with a shorter service term, by 20-30%); High photo-optical efficiency 120-200 Flm/W. For LEDs 40-90; The price is 3-5 times lower for the same light intensity lamp; Low heating temperature of the lamp, only 40-60 degrees Celsius and a wide range of operating temperatures from -40 to +60; Low solid-state mercury content - many times equal to standard fluorescent lamps. Environmental friendliness. Instead of LED lamps, the induction lamp gives soft and natural light. It is much easier to tolerate voltage surges. To a limited extent, you can add those that induction lamps require special lamps, as well as their high-frequency stimulation

To summarize, induction lamps, similar to LED and fluorescent ones, offer a number of significant advantages. The main advantages are 2-3 times greater production per output, a longer warranty term, greater light output and more acceptable and natural light, environmental friendliness. Therefore, it is important that when choosing between LED, fluorescent and induction lamps (lamps), preference should be given to the rest. However, I would like to note that the price of an induction lamp with an E27 base of 20W is approximately 700-1000 rubles. Almost 120 years have passed since the induction illumination began. Today, it is widely recognized in other countries: the USA, Canada; in Latin America, Europe and Northern Asia. It has been discovered that this technology has come to the countries of the Russian Federation – Russia, Belarus, Ukraine. Induction lighting will lead to the future of light energy saving.

Dzherela http://electrik.info http://ru.wikipedia.org http://belenergetics.ru/ http://so-induction.ru/ http://www.sknews.ru

Unfortunately, the policy of transition to energy-saving technologies led to the sale of a large number of fluorescent lamps. Although this type of lighting fixtures has been around for a long time, the safety precautions do not cover this. Since the damage and rustiness of energy-saving fluorescent lamps, let’s try to understand this statistic.

The power of mercury

All the battles under the hour of luminescent illumination did not arise out of nowhere. Even the production of vicor lamps produces a small amount of mercury vapor, which is harmful to people, as most people care. To understand this stereotype, let us know about the power of this unique metal, which is rare in natural minds.

From the course of chemistry we know that at room temperature mercury is rare. The important silvery metal itself does not cause problems. However, mercury tends to evaporate at such low temperatures, without seeming to have any more serious significance. These vapors do not only disperse independently throughout the middle of the room, but also create air holes with organic substances, be absorbed on household items, furniture and put on basic parts of the saw.

Vapors can penetrate household materials, water and soil. Rarely, mercury has low viscosity and high surface tension, which melts one drop onto the other. The evaporation area is even larger. Rare mercury particles are even loose, which makes it difficult to demercurize the area. The stench is easily dissolved in organic liquids and remains in water without strong sourness. At pH = 8, the variability is at a minimum. If this is changed, in any case, the discord will increase. Rarely mercury is made to easily dismantle metal parts, like the nobility. In this case, they are called amalgams. In connection with this, it is natural that this material is made of metal construction materials.

The chemical properties of mercury are such that it is already highly ionized, and it creates great complexities when its vapor is mixed with water-free salts. At room temperature, oxidation in the air is impossible. You need even stronger oxides. Do not go near diluted acids, such as salted salts. Concentrated nitric acid or royal burner is required so that the mercury oxidation reaction takes place. The very complexity of neutralizing this irradiated speech also implies the need to take serious precautions against high levels of mercury in various devices, including fluorescent lamps.

Advantages and disadvantages of fluorescent lamps

Having studied the chemical power of mercury, we understand why fluorescent energy-saving lamps suffer from serious shortcomings for all their successes.

Today we can no longer see our life without a great deal of individual illumination. No matter what, the lamps are being used for this purpose. Most often, since the beginning of the 20th century, basic heating lamps have been installed, which come in different voltages - 40 W, 60 W, 100 W. At such a high intensity, the broiling lamps have a low luminosity, which greatly increases their CCD, which hardly reaches 50%. So we pay not only pennies for illumination, but half for heating the thread in the lamp.

Such waste of money in today's minds is no longer understood, so the light has appeared in a complex fluorescent lamp. It is also called energy saving.

How does an energy-saving lamp differ from a frying lamp?

It’s easy to turn on the frying lamp so that more people understand it and know about it. A flask is placed in a flask, from which the air is pumped, the tungsten filament is fried to a bright glow under the infusion of an electric stream that passes through it. Not everyone understands the use of a fluorescent lamp. The energy-saving lamp has a glass bulb filled with mercury vapor and inert gas argon. The kit may also have, but not necessarily, a ballast or a starter. The inner surface of the flask is filled with a special phosphor resin. Under the infusion of ultraviolet light, the visible light is reduced. When the energy-saving lamp is turned on, electromagnetic interference occurs, which provokes mercury vapor to create ultraviolet radiation. Here, when passing through the phosphor applied to the surface of the lamp, it is transformed into initially visible light.

The visible light spectrum may be shifted for a different color. Therefore, there are fluorescent lamps that glow lightly, the spectrum of which is closer to yellow, and those that are closer to blue. The first natural ones, some of their spectrum, are similar to the spectrum of sleepy fever. Today's lamps have the same base as the lamps that are frying, in the middle of which there is an electromagnetic viprominyuvach. The diameter of the base is 14 to 27 mm. These are standard sizes that allow you to screw in such lamps, whether they be modern lamps or chandeliers.

Advantages of current energy-saving lamps

Now we can review all the advantages that energy-saving fluorescent lamps have:

• Energy savings are significant. Due to the fact that the CCD of such lamps is even higher, they produce 5 times more light energy than the heating lamps. A fluorescent lamp with a intensity of only 20 W is as bright as a 100 W frying lamp. Your savings will be close to 80%. With the hour of decrease in luminosity, do not worry about changing the broiler lamps.
• Bright fluorescent lamps have a longer service life than simple light bulbs (from 5 to 15). Virobnik orders 5 – 12 thousand years of work. This is due to the fact that they contain various parts that are heated to high temperatures. This power is handy in these places, where replacing lamps is often problematic.
• Fluorescent lamps have low heat output, so all their energy is converted into light flow. Such lamps heat up slightly. Therefore, they can be used in some chandeliers and lamps, especially in those where a very heavy lamp can melt the socket.
• The increased light output is due to the fact that energy is not wasted on heating the tungsten filament, as in frying lamps. The energy-saving lamp provides light completely from its entire surface. They are brighter and more rossier, which is pleasant to the eyes. Different shades of phosphor allow you to produce lamps with soft or cold, hot or white light. Skin is free to choose the most suitable shade.

The above-mentioned advantages are rich in the popularization of fluorescent lamps due to the remaining fates. Who liked the unification of the base from the original light bulbs. However, there are still a few shortcomings that are still ahead of the complete replacement of fluorescent lamps with fluorescent lamps.

Few energy-saving lamps

At this time, the greatest shortage of energy-saving lamps is their high output, which exceeds the output of frying lamps by 10 - 20 times. However, this is not limited by cost-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Given the costs, a bright fluorescent lamp can pay for itself less than the cost in some cases. There is a quiet place where there is a need for lightening. With such careful consideration, the use of the brightest lamps is avoided, and some Chinese copies have the same service term as frying lamps, but no less.

Another important feature of energy-saving lamps is that, without a doubt, it is necessary to reduce them to a minimum. These are the mercury vapors with which she is born. We have already seen the dangers of these couples and the difficulties of their neutralization. It is not safe for him to break the lamps near the apartment and other places. You need to be very careful when dealing with them. It is important to reduce them to environmentally unsafe devices, therefore their disposal is regulated by special regulations and represents the utmost insecurity. Discarded lamps are blocked.

Methods for proper disposal of energy-saving lamps

An important disadvantage of energy-saving lamps is the presence of mercury vapor in their design. It is not acceptable to discard them from the smіtteprovіd or container. Its disposal is strictly regulated. There are two disposal methods available:

• Energy-saving lamps that have burned out must be taken to the district DEZ or REU. They may have special containers installed. The capture in Moscow proceeds without cost at the Department of the Order of Moscow “On the organization of work on the collection, transportation and processing of manufactured fluorescent lamps” dated 20 April 1999 No. 1010-RZP. Other regions may have local regulations governing disposal.
• If there are a lot of lamps (there is a need for enterprises or offices), then a conclusive agreement is established with organizations that are engaged in the activity of receiving and disposing of germs in order to mercury On the website of the Greenpeace organization you can find a list of points for receiving fluorescent lamps.

Please remember that the correct disposal of unsafe equipment is our environmental responsibility.

What to keep in mind when purchasing fluorescent lamps

When choosing energy-saving lamps to purchase, it is necessary to be aware of the characteristics and power of the following:

• Tightness is an important parameter. For fluorescent lamps, the voltage varies from 3 to 90 W. In this case, it is necessary to multiply the intensity by 5 in order to understand the luminosity of the lamp when aligned with the heating lamp. Therefore, when purchasing a lamp for a specific device, you need to marvel at how the light bulb is roasted in a new building. If a 100 W lamp is screwed in there, then you are dominated by a 20 W fluorescent light bulb.
• Spectral characteristics of the lamp light. They can be calculated according to the current markings: 2700 K – warmer than light, 4200 K – daylight, 6400 K – colder than light. When the color temperature is low, be careful not to change the color spectrum to red, and when it increases to blue. So now you should choose a suitable color for you. Only then can you buy light bulbs of the same spectral class.

• Behind the shape of the lamp there are spiral-like and U-like shapes. There is no fundamental difference in their robots and characteristics. Just first less and more dear for others. It is also necessary to take into account the features of your lamp. If you don't have a skin light bulb, you can go to you for dimensions.
• The type of lamp base also varies. Most of them are insured for the E27 base, and some for the E14 base. Obviously, if the chandelier has large sockets, then the first type will do, if the chandeliers are small, then the other. Lamps for brightening office spaces may look like thin, long tubes. It smells like a different type of base and contacts.

All these characteristics are on the packaging of the light bulbs. For example, the marking ESS-02A 20W E27 6400K on the package means that the lamp has a power of 20 W, with a large base (E27), and produces a cooler white light (6400K).

In a separate storage room, you can create a system where the main advantages of energy-saving fluorescent lamps are their high cost-effectiveness and long service life. This results in significant savings, especially on the scale of an entire household. There is a large assortment of such lamps in stores, which makes it possible for the skin to select the required vibration. At the same time, difficulties may arise when disposing of lamps that contain mercury, since not in all places there are specialized enterprises that deal with this activity.

Others, for the popularity of lighting devices, rely only on frying lamps. Such devices contain mercury, which, when heated in vapor, creates an electric discharge, which forms ultraviolet radiation. Then a special substance (luminophore) fades as a result of reflection, appearing brightly in the normal spectrum for the human eye. The length and transverse cut of the fluorescent lamp tube indicate the operating voltage and the firing voltage, as well as the flow. The greater the strength, the lower the support and, obviously, greater tension.

Today's fluorescent lamps are widely used for lighting commercial buildings, large buildings, shopping and office centers, and film studios. No less popular is the stench for everyday waste.

Positive sides of fluorescent lamps

Among the key advantages of fluorescent lamps you can see:

1. Economy. Fragments of the KKD of these lamps are lightened significantly, the lower of the lamps is frying, their energy consumption is lower (approximately 5 times). In terms of economy, fluorescent lamps may compete with LEDs, but may lose their specificity.
2. High light output, which allows you to lighten large areas.
3. Trival term of service. The service life of the illumination devices, which work with phosphor vortex, amounts to tens of thousands of years, depending on the frequency of switching on and off. When exposed to frying lamps, the stench does not escape through the burnt frying threads.
4. Minimal heating, which allows fluorescent lamps to be used for luminaires within the same maximum permissible temperature range.
5. The surface area is large, for which the light in the area is distributed richly evenly.

The operational advantages of fluorescent lamps are accompanied by aesthetic advantages - the diversity of lighting shades allows you to select a solution for any kind of interior. There is a level of brightness that can be easily changed by replacing the lightening jets with stronger ones.

Few fluorescent lamps

Explore and sing minuses. The main products contain mercury and must be taken into account before their disposal. This shows the linear (unnatural) spectrum of light from cheap fluorescent lamps with a rich phosphor. In addition, degradation of the speech is inevitable during heavy use – it is manifested by a decrease in heat output and “spectral drift” (the layers in which the eyes are turned on). When the electrodes burn out, the entire lamp goes out of order. To avoid negative aspects, it is recommended to purchase clear and certified products from verified suppliers.

It is important to choose the right fluorescent lamps. In this case, not only the size of the lamp and the type of base, but also the color temperature of the light that is generated should be taken into account. The color, of course, should be selected according to the internet.

Thus, fluorescent lamps will become a wonderful source of lighting for large applications, while ensuring the greatest economic effect. In addition, due to their low operational life, they are ideally suited for installation in critically accessible places (they will rarely need to be changed).

By choosing a bright fluorescent lamp, you will provide yourself with a reliable and long-lasting source of lighting, which is literally a pleasing eye!